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Ayah
Word by Word
لَّا
Not
تَجِدُ
You will find
قَوۡمٗا
a people
يُؤۡمِنُونَ
who believe
بِٱللَّهِ
in Allah
وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ
and the Day
ٱلۡأٓخِرِ
the Last
يُوَآدُّونَ
loving
مَنۡ
(those) who
حَآدَّ
oppose
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
وَرَسُولَهُۥ
and His Messenger
وَلَوۡ
even if
كَانُوٓاْ
they were
ءَابَآءَهُمۡ
their fathers
أَوۡ
or
أَبۡنَآءَهُمۡ
their sons
أَوۡ
or
إِخۡوَٰنَهُمۡ
their brothers
أَوۡ
or
عَشِيرَتَهُمۡۚ
their kindred
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ
Those
كَتَبَ
He has decreed
فِي
within
قُلُوبِهِمُ
their hearts
ٱلۡإِيمَٰنَ
faith
وَأَيَّدَهُم
and supported them
بِرُوحٖ
with a spirit
مِّنۡهُۖ
from Him
وَيُدۡخِلُهُمۡ
And He will admit them
جَنَّـٰتٖ
(to) Gardens
تَجۡرِي
flow
مِن
from
تَحۡتِهَا
underneath it
ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ
the rivers
خَٰلِدِينَ
will abide forever
فِيهَاۚ
in it
رَضِيَ
Allah is pleased
ٱللَّهُ
Allah is pleased
عَنۡهُمۡ
with them
وَرَضُواْ
and they are pleased
عَنۡهُۚ
with Him
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ
Those
حِزۡبُ
(are the) party
ٱللَّهِۚ
(of) Allah
أَلَآ
No doubt
إِنَّ
Indeed
حِزۡبَ
(the) party
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
هُمُ
they
ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ
(are) the successful ones
لَّا
Not
تَجِدُ
You will find
قَوۡمٗا
a people
يُؤۡمِنُونَ
who believe
بِٱللَّهِ
in Allah
وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ
and the Day
ٱلۡأٓخِرِ
the Last
يُوَآدُّونَ
loving
مَنۡ
(those) who
حَآدَّ
oppose
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
وَرَسُولَهُۥ
and His Messenger
وَلَوۡ
even if
كَانُوٓاْ
they were
ءَابَآءَهُمۡ
their fathers
أَوۡ
or
أَبۡنَآءَهُمۡ
their sons
أَوۡ
or
إِخۡوَٰنَهُمۡ
their brothers
أَوۡ
or
عَشِيرَتَهُمۡۚ
their kindred
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ
Those
كَتَبَ
He has decreed
فِي
within
قُلُوبِهِمُ
their hearts
ٱلۡإِيمَٰنَ
faith
وَأَيَّدَهُم
and supported them
بِرُوحٖ
with a spirit
مِّنۡهُۖ
from Him
وَيُدۡخِلُهُمۡ
And He will admit them
جَنَّـٰتٖ
(to) Gardens
تَجۡرِي
flow
مِن
from
تَحۡتِهَا
underneath it
ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ
the rivers
خَٰلِدِينَ
will abide forever
فِيهَاۚ
in it
رَضِيَ
Allah is pleased
ٱللَّهُ
Allah is pleased
عَنۡهُمۡ
with them
وَرَضُواْ
and they are pleased
عَنۡهُۚ
with Him
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ
Those
حِزۡبُ
(are the) party
ٱللَّهِۚ
(of) Allah
أَلَآ
No doubt
إِنَّ
Indeed
حِزۡبَ
(the) party
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
هُمُ
they
ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ
(are) the successful ones
Translation
You will not find a people who believe in Allāh and the Last Day having affection for those who oppose Allāh and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred. Those - He has decreed within their hearts faith and supported them with spirit1 from Him. And We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally. Allāh is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him - those are the party of Allāh. Unquestionably, the party of Allāh - they are the successful.
Footnotes
1 - i.e., "that which gives life," explained as the guidance of the Qur’ān or victory over their opponents.
Tafsir
You will not find a people who believe in God and the Last Day loving, befriending, those who oppose God and His Messenger, even though they, the opposers, were their fathers, that is to say, the believers' [fathers], or their sons or their brothers or their clan, rather [you will find that] they intend to do them harm and they fight them over [the question of] faith, as occurred on one occasion with some Companions, may God be pleased with them. [For] those, the ones who are not loving of them, He has inscribed, He has established, faith upon their hearts and reinforced them with a spirit, a light, from Him, exalted be He, and He will admit them into the Paradises underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide, God being pleased with them, for their obedience of Him, and they being pleased with Him, because of His reward. Those [they] are God's confederates, following His command and refraining from what He has forbidden. Assuredly it is God's confederates who are the successful, the winners.
The Believers do not closely befriend the Disbelievers
Allah the Exalted said
لَاا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُوْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاْاخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ
مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا ابَاءهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ
You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred.
Meaning, do not befriend the deniers, even if they are among the closest relatives.
Allah said,
لااَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُوْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَأءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُوْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلَا أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ
Let not the believers take the disbelievers as friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allah warns you against Himself. (3:28),
and,
قُلْ إِن كَانَ ءَابَاوُكُمْ وَأَبْنَأوُكُمْ وَإِخْوَنُكُمْ وَأَزْوَجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَلٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَـرَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَـكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَأ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُواْ حَتَّى يَأْتِىَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ
Say:If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred, the wealth that you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His decision (torment).
And Allah guides not the people who are the rebellious. (9:24)
Sa`id bin `Abdul-`Aziz and others said that this Ayah,
لَاا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُوْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاْاخِرِ
You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day...
was revealed in the case of Abu Ubaydah Amir bin Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah when he killed his disbelieving father, during the battle of Badr. This is why when Umar bin Al-Khattab placed the matter of Khilafah in the consultation of six men after him, he said; If Abu Ubaydah were alive, I would have appointed him the Khalifah.
It was also said that the Ayah,
وَلَوْ كَانُوا ابَاءهُمْ
(even though they were their fathers), was revealed in the case of Abu Ubaydah, when he killed his father during the battle of Badr,
while the Ayah,
أَوْ أَبْنَاءهُمْ
(or their sons) was revealed in the case of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he intended to kill his (disbelieving) son, Abdur-Rahman, (during Badr),
while the Ayah,
أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ
(or their brothers) was revealed about the case of Mus`ab bin `Umayr, who killed his brother, Ubayd bin Umayr, during Badr,
and that the Ayah,
أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ
(or their kindred) was revealed about the case of Umar, who killed one of his relatives during Badr, and also that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Hamzah, Ali and Ubaydah bin Al-Harith. They killed their close relatives Utbah, Shaybah and Al-Walid bin Utbah that day.
Allah knows best.
A similar matter is when Allah's Messenger consulted with his Companions about what should be done with the captives of Badr.
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq thought that they should accept ransom for them so the Muslims could use the money to strengthen themselves. He mentioned the fact that the captured were the cousins and the kindred, and that they might embrace Islam later on, by Allah's help.
Umar said,
But I have a different opinion, O Allah's Messenger! Let me kill so-and-so, my relative, and let Ali kill Aqil (Ali's brother), and so-and-so kill so-and-so. Let us make it known to Allah that we have no mercy in our hearts for the idolators.
Allah said,
أُوْلَيِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الاِْيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself.
means, those who have the quality of not befriending those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they are their fathers or brothers, are those whom Allah has decreed faith, meaning, happiness, in their hearts and made faith dear to their hearts and happiness reside therein.
As-Suddi said that the Ayah,
كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الاِْيمَانَ
(He has written faith in their hearts), means,
He has placed faith in their hearts.
Ibn Abbas said that,
وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
(and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself), means,
He gave them strengths.
Allah's statement,
وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الاَْنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ
And He will admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein. Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.
was explained several times before.
Allah's statement,
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ
Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.
contains a beautiful secret. When the believers became enraged against their relatives and kindred in Allah's cause, He compensated them by being pleased with them and making them pleased with Him from what He has granted them of eternal delight, ultimate victory and encompassing favor.
Allah's statement,
أُوْلَيِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
They are the party of Allah. Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful.
indicates that they are the party of Allah, meaning, His servants who are worthy of earning His honor.
Allah's statement,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
(Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful), asserts their success, happiness and triumph in this life and the Hereafter, in contrast to those, who are the party of the devil,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
(Verily, the party of Shaytan will be the losers!)
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Mujadilah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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