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Ayah
Word by Word
هُوَ
He
ٱلۡأَوَّلُ
(is) the First
وَٱلۡأٓخِرُ
and the Last
وَٱلظَّـٰهِرُ
and the Apparent
وَٱلۡبَاطِنُۖ
and the Unapparent
وَهُوَ
and He
بِكُلِّ
(is) of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمٌ
All-Knower
هُوَ
He
ٱلۡأَوَّلُ
(is) the First
وَٱلۡأٓخِرُ
and the Last
وَٱلظَّـٰهِرُ
and the Apparent
وَٱلۡبَاطِنُۖ
and the Unapparent
وَهُوَ
and He
بِكُلِّ
(is) of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمٌ
All-Knower
Translation
He is the First and the Last, the Evident and the Immanent: and He has full knowledge of all things.
Tafsir
He is the First, preceding everything [but] without [His] having any beginning, and the Last, succeeding everything [but] without [His] having any end, and the Manifest, through the proofs for Him, and the Hidden, from the perception of the senses, and He has knowledge of all things.
Tafsir of Surah Al-Hadeed
Everything that exists glorifies Allah and mentioning some of His Attributes
Allah states,
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَۡرۡضِ
وَهُوَ الۡعَزِيزُ الۡحَكِيمُ
Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Allah -- and He is the Almighty, All-Wise.
In this Ayah, Allah states that everything that exists in the heavens and earth praises and glorifies Him, including creatures and plants.
Allah said in another Ayah,
تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَـوَتُ السَّبۡعُ وَالاٌّرۡضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَىۡءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمۡدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفۡقَهُونَ تَسۡبِيحَهُمۡ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا
The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise. But you understand not their glorification. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving. (17:44)
And His saying:
وَهُوَ الۡعَزِيزُ
and He is the Almighty, meaning the One to Whom all things submit humility,
الۡحَكِيمُ
All-Wise, in His creating, commanding and legislating
لَهُ مُلۡكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَۡرۡضِ يُحۡيِي وَيُمِيتُ
His is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. It is He Who gives life and causes death;
He is the absolute Owner of His creation, bringing life and death and granting what He wills to whom He wills,
وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ قَدِيرٌ
and He is Able to do all things.
whatever He wills, is, and whatever He does not will, will never be.
He said
هُوَ الاَۡوَّلُ وَالاۡخِرُ وَالظَّاهِرُ وَالۡبَاطِنُ
He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Batin.
This is the Ayah indicated in the Hadith of Irbad bin Sariyah that is better than a thousand Ayat.
Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Zamil said,
I mentioned to Ibn Abbas that I felt something in my heart.
He said, `Doubts' and then laughed.
Next, he said, `No one can escape this.
Allah the Exalted stated,
فَإِن كُنتَ فِي شَكٍّ مِّمَّأ أَنزَلۡنَأ إِلَيۡكَ فَاسۡأَلِ الَّذِينَ يَقۡرَءُونَ الۡكِتَـبَ مِن قَبۡلِكَ لَقَدۡ جَأءَكَ الۡحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكَ
So if you are in doubt concerning that which We have revealed to you, then ask those who are reading the Book before you. Verily, the truth has come to you from your Lord. (10:94)'
He then said to me, `When you feel any of this in your heart, recite,
هُوَ الاَۡوَّلُ وَالاۡخِرُ وَالظَّاهِرُ وَالۡبَاطِنُ
وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ
He is Al-Awwaland Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Batin. And He is the All-Knower of everything.'
There are about ten and some odd number of different sayings collected from the scholars of Tafsir regarding the explanation of this Ayah.
Al-Bukhari said,
Yahya said,
`Az-Zahir:knowing all things,
Al-Batin:knowing all things.'
Our Shaykh Al-Hafiz Al-Mizzi said, Yahya is Ibn Ziyad Al-Farra', who authored a book entitled Ma`ani Al-Qur'an.
There are Hadiths mentioned about this. Among them, Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that
the Messenger of Allah would recite this supplication while going to bed,
اللۡهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّموَاتِ السَّبۡعِ وَرَبَّ الۡعَرۡشِ الۡعَظِيمِ
رَبَّنَا وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ مُنۡزِلَ التَّوۡرَاةِ وَالاِۡنۡجِيلِ وَالۡفُرۡقَانِ فَالِقَ الۡحَبِّ وَالنَّوَى لَا إِلهَ إِلاَّ أَنۡتَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنۡ شَرِّ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ أَنۡتَ اخِذٌ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ
أَنۡتَ الاَۡوَّلُ لَيۡسَ قَبۡلَكَ شَيۡءٌ وَأَنۡتَ الاۡخِرُ لَيۡسَ بَعۡدَكَ شَيۡءٌ وَأَنۡتَ الظَّاهِرُ لَيۡسَ فَوۡقَكَ شَيۡءٌ وَأَنۡتَ الۡبَاطِنُ لَيۡسَ دُونَكَ شَيۡءٌ اقۡضِ عَنَّا الدَّيۡنَ وَأَغۡنِنَا مِنَ الۡفَقۡر
O Allah, Lord of the seven heavens and Lord of the Magnificent Throne!
Our Lord, and the Lord of everything, Revealer of the Tawrah, the Injil and the Furqan, the Splitter of the grain of corn and the date stone! I seek refuge with You from the evil of everything whose forehead You have control over.
O Allah! You are
- Al-Awwal, nothing is before You;
- Al-Akhir, nothing is after You;
- Az-Zahir, nothing is above You; and
- Al-Batin, nothing is below You.
Remove the burden of debt from us and free us from poverty.
Muslim recorded this Hadith via Sahl, who said,
Abu Salih used to order us to lay on our right side when we were about to sleep, and then say,
اللۡهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّموَاتِ وَرَبَّ الاَۡرۡضِ وَرَبَّ الۡعَرۡشِ الۡعَظِيمِ
رَبَّنَا وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ فَالِقَ الۡحَبِّ وَالنَّوَى وَمُنۡزِلَ التَّوۡرَاةِ وَالاِۡنۡجِيلِ وَالۡفُرۡقَانِ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنۡ شَرِّ كُلِّ ذِي شَرَ أَنۡتَ اخِذٌ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ
اللۡهُمَّ أَنۡتَ الاَۡوَّلُ فَلَيۡسَ قَبۡلَكَ شَيۡءٌ وَأَنۡتَ الاۡخِرُ فَلَيۡسَ بَعۡدَكَ شَيۡءٌ وَأَنۡتَ الظَّاهِرُ فَلَيۡسَ فَوۡقَكَ شَيۡءٌ وَأَنۡتَ الۡبَاطِنُ فَلَيۡسَ دُونَكَ شَيۡءٌ اقۡضِ عَنَّا الدَّيۡنَ وَأَغۡنِنَا مِنَ الۡفَقۡر
O Allah, Lord of the seven heavens and Lord of the Magnificent Throne!
Our Lord, and the Lord of everything, Revealer of the Tawrah, the Injil and the Furqan, the Splitter of the grain of corn and the date stone! I seek refuge with You from the evil of everything whose forehead You have control over.
O Allah! You are Al-Awwal, nothing is before You; Al-Akhir, nothing is after You; Az-Zahir, nothing is above You; and Al-Batin, nothing is below You.
Remove the burden of debt from us and free us from poverty.
And he used to narrate that from Abu Hurayrah from the Prophet.
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