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Ayah
Word by Word
لِّكَيۡلَا
So that you may not
تَأۡسَوۡاْ
grieve
عَلَىٰ
over
مَا
what
فَاتَكُمۡ
has escaped you
وَلَا
and (do) not
تَفۡرَحُواْ
exult
بِمَآ
at what
ءَاتَىٰكُمۡۗ
He has given you
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
لَا
(does) not
يُحِبُّ
love
كُلَّ
every
مُخۡتَالٖ
self-deluded
فَخُورٍ
boaster
لِّكَيۡلَا
So that you may not
تَأۡسَوۡاْ
grieve
عَلَىٰ
over
مَا
what
فَاتَكُمۡ
has escaped you
وَلَا
and (do) not
تَفۡرَحُواْ
exult
بِمَآ
at what
ءَاتَىٰكُمۡۗ
He has given you
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
لَا
(does) not
يُحِبُّ
love
كُلَّ
every
مُخۡتَالٖ
self-deluded
فَخُورٍ
boaster
Translation
In order that you not despair over what has eluded you and not exult [in pride] over what He has given you. And Allāh does not like everyone self-deluded and boastful -
Tafsir
so that you may not (kay-laa: kay makes a verb subjunctive, with the same sense as an [as in an-laa, 'so that . not']), that is to say, God informs [you] of this so that you may not, grieve for what escapes you, nor exult, with a wanton exultation, rather an exultation that is [followed by] a thanksgiving for the grace, at what He has given you (read [thus] as aataakum; or read as ataakum, meaning, '[at] what has come to you from Him'). For God does not like any swaggering braggart, [swaggering] in arrogance because of what he has been given, [boastful] of it to people;
Everything that affects Mankind, is duly measured and destined
Allah reminds of His measuring and deciding the destiny of all things before He created the creation,
مَا أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ فِي الاْاَرْضِ وَلَاا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ
No calamity occurs on the earth nor in yourselves,
meaning, `there is nothing that touches you or happens in existence,'
إِلاَّ فِي كِتَابٍ مِّن قَبْلِ أَن نَّبْرَأَهَا
but it is inscribed in the Book of Decrees before We bring it into existence.
meaning, `before We created the creation and started life.'
Qatadah commented on this Ayah,
مَا أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ فِي الاْاَرْضِ
(No calamity occurs on the earth) refers to famine,
while,
وَلَا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ
(or nor in yourselves) refers to suffering and diseases.
He also said,
We were told that every person who suffers a prick of a thorn, a twisted ankle, or a bleeding vein, has it occur on account of his sins. What Allah forgives is even more.
This great, honorable Ayah provides clear evidence to the misguidance of the cursed Qadariyyah sect, who deny Allah's Preordainment and His knowledge of everything before it occurs.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-`As said,
I heard the Messenger of Allah say,
قَدَّرَ اللهُ الْمَقَادِيرَ قَبلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالاَْرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَة
Allah ordained the measures (of everything) fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth.
Muslim collected this Hadith in his Sahih with the addition:
وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاء
And His Throne was over the water.
At-Tirmidhi also collected it and said, Hasan Sahih.
Allah's statement,
إِنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ
Verily, that is easy for Allah.
means that He knows all things before they occur, and He records them exactly as they will occur when they occur, and this is easy for Him.
Verily, Allah knows what happened, what will happen and what did not happen, and what shape and form it will take if it were to happen.
Ordering Patience and Gratitude
Allah said
لِكَيْلَ تَأْسَوْا عَلَى مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا تَفْرَحُوا بِمَا اتَاكُمْ
In order that you may not grieve at the things over that you fail to get, nor rejoice over that which has been given to you.
meaning, `We informed you of Our encompassing knowledge, recording all things before they occur and creating all things in due measure known to Us, so that you may know that what has met you would never have missed you and what has missed you would never have met you. Therefore, do not grieve for what you have missed of fortune, because had it been destined for you, you would have achieved it.'
It is also recited:
مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَاا تَفْرَحُوا بِمَا أَتَاكُمْ
(nor rejoice over that which came to you), meaning, come to you.
According to the recitation,
اتَاكُمْ
,it means (which has been given to you. Both meanings are related.
Allah says here, `do not boast before people about what Allah has favored you with, because it is not you who earned it by your efforts. Rather, all this came your way because Allah destined them for you and provided them for you as provisions. Therefore, do not use what Allah has granted you as a reason to boast and become arrogant with others.'
Allah's statement,
وَاللَّهُ لَاا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ
And Allah likes not prideful boasters.
meaning, who acts arrogantly with other people.
Ikrimah commented by saying,
Everyone of us feels happiness and grief. However, make your joy with gratitude and endure your grief with patience.
Censuring the Stinginess
Allah the Exalted then said
الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ
Those who are misers and enjoin miserliness upon people.
meaning those who commit evil and encourage people to commit it,
وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ
And whosoever turns away,
from abiding by Allah's commandments and obeying Him,
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ
then Allah is Rich, Worthy of all praise.
As Musa, peace be upon him, said,
إِن تَكْفُرُواْ أَنتُمْ وَمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌ
If you disbelieve you and all on earth together, then verily, Allah is Rich, Owner of all praise. (14:8)
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