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Ayah
Word by Word
فَلَآ
But nay
أُقۡسِمُ
I swear
بِمَوَٰقِعِ
by setting
ٱلنُّجُومِ
(of) the stars
فَلَآ
But nay
أُقۡسِمُ
I swear
بِمَوَٰقِعِ
by setting
ٱلنُّجُومِ
(of) the stars
Translation
Furthermore I call to witness the setting of the Stars,-
Tafsir
Nay, I swear (fa-laa uqsimu: laa is extra) by the setting-places of the stars!
Allah swears to the Greatness of the Qur'an
Allaw swears,
فَلَ أُقۡسِمُ بِمَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ
Fala! I swear by the Mawaqi` of the stars.
The usage of La (in Fala) is not an extra character without meaning, as some of the scholars of Tafsir say. Rather it is used at the beginning of an oath when the oath is a negation. This is like when A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her said, La by Allah! Allah's Messenger did not touch any woman's hand at all. So in this way, the meaning is,
No! I swear by the Mawaqi` of the stars. The matter is not as you people claim - about the Qur'an - that it is a result of magic or sorcery, rather it is an Honorable Qur'an.
Ibn Jarir said,
Some of the scholars of the Arabic language said that the meaning of,
فَلَ أُقۡسِمُ
(Fala! I swear) is, `The matter is not as you people have claimed.'
Then He renews the oath again by saying, `I swear.'
Mujahid said,
فَلَ أُقۡسِمُ بِمَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ
(Fala! I swear by the Mawaqi` of the stars),
The setting positions of the stars in the sky,
and he said that it refers to the rising and setting positions. This was said by Al-Hasan, Qatadah and preferred by Ibn Jarir.
Qatadah also said that it means their positions.
Allah said,
وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَّوۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ
And verily that is indeed a great oath, if you but know.
meaning, `this is a great vow that I -- Allah -- am making; if you knew the greatness of this vow, you will know the greatness of the subject of the vow,'
إِنَّهُ لَقُرۡانٌ كَرِيمٌ
That (this) is indeed an honorable recitation.
means, verily, this Qur'an that was revealed to Muhammad is a Glorious Book,
فِي كِتَابٍ مَّكۡنُونٍ
In a Book Maknun.
meaning glorious; in a glorious, well-guarded, revered Book.
Ibn Jarir narrated that Isma`il bin Musa said that Sharik reported from Hakim, that is Ibn Jubayr, from Sa`id bin Jubayr, from Ibn `Abbas that about:
لاَّا يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّا الۡمُطَهَّرُونَ
Which none touches but the pure ones.
he said, The Book that is in heaven.
Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn Abbas about,
لاَّا يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّا الۡمُطَهَّرُونَ
(Which none touches but the pure ones). that
`the pure ones' means:The angels.
Similar was said by Anas, Mujahid, Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Ash-Sha`tha' Jabir bin Zayd, Abu Nahik, As-Suddi, Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and others.
Ibn Jarir narrated that Ibn `Abdul-A`la said that Ibn Thawr said that Ma`mar said from Qatadah about,
لاَّا يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّا الۡمُطَهَّرُونَ
(Which none touches but the pure ones), that he said,
None can touch it, with Allah, except the pure ones. However, in this life, the impure Zoroastrian and the filthy hypocrite touch it.
And he said,
In the recitation of Ibn Mas`ud it is,
مَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّ الۡمُطَهَّرُونَ
(It is not touched, except by the pure ones).
Abu Al-Aliyah said,
لاَّا يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّا الۡمُطَهَّرُونَ
(Which none touches but the pure ones).
It does not refer to you, because you are sinners!
Ibn Zayd said,
The Quraysh disbelievers claimed that the devils brought down the Qur'an. Allah the Exalted stated that only the pure ones touch the Qur'an, as He said:
وَمَا تَنَزَّلَتۡ بِهِ الشَّيَـطِينُ
وَمَا يَنبَغِى لَهُمۡ وَمَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ
إِنَّهُمۡ عَنِ السَّمۡعِ لَمَعۡزُولُونَ
And it is not the Shayatin who have brought it down. Neither would it suit them nor they can (produce it). Verily, they have been removed far from hearing it. (26:210-212)
This saying is a good saying, and does not contradict those before it.
Allah said,
تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الۡعَالَمِينَ
A revelation from the Lord of all that exists.
meaning this Qur'an is a revelation from the Lord of all that exists, not as they say that it is magic, sorcery or poetry. Rather it is the truth, no doubt about it; there is none beyond it of useful truth.
Allah's statement,
أَفَبِهَذَا الۡحَدِيثِ أَنتُم مُّدۡهِنُونَ
Is it such a talk that you are Mudhinun,
Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn Abbas that Mudhinun means,
You do not believe in and deny.
Similar to this was said by Ad-Dahhak, Abu Hazrah and As-Suddi.
Mujahid said,
مُّدۡهِنُونَ
(Mudhinun) means
You want to fill yourselves with and rely upon.
وَتَجۡعَلُونَ رِزۡقَكُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ تُكَذِّبُونَ
And you make your provision your denial!
some of them said that provision here has the meaning of gratitude, meaning:you deny without any gratitude.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas that he recited it as:
وَتَجۡعَلُونَ شُكۡركُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ تُكَذِّبُونَ
And your show of your gratitude by denying!
Ibn Jarir narrated from Muhammad bin Bashshar, who narrated from Muhammad bin Ja`far, who narrated from Shu`bah, from Abu Bishr, from Sa`id bin Jubayr who said that Ibn Abbas said,
It has never rained upon a people except that some of them became disbelievers by saying, `Such and such position of a star sent rain!'
And Ibn Abbas recited:
وَتَجۡعَلُونَ شُكۡركُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ تُكَذِّبُونَ
(And you show of your gratitude by denying).
This chain of narration is Sahih to Ibn Abbas.
In his Muwatta', Malik reported from Salih bin Kaysan, from Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah bin Mas`ud, from Zayd bin Khalid Al-Juhani who said,
The Prophet led us in the Subh (dawn) prayer at Al-Hudaybiyah after a rainy night. On completion of the prayer, he faced the congregation and said,
هَلۡ تَدۡرُونَ مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمۡ
Do you know what your Lord has said (revealed)?
Those present replied, `Allah and His Messenger know best.'
He said,
قَالَ أَصۡبَحَ مِنۡ عِبَادِي مُوۡمِنٌ بِي وَكَافِرٌ فَأَمَّا مَنۡ قَالَ مُطِرۡنَا بِفَضۡلِ اللهِ وَرَحۡمَتِهِ فَذلِكَ مُوۡمِنٌ بِي كَافِرٌ بِالۡكَوۡكَبِ وَأَمَّا مَنۡ قَالَ مُطِرۡنَا بِنَوۡءِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَذلِكَ كَافِرٌ بِي وَمُوۡمِنٌ بِالۡكَوۡكَب
Allah has said,
During this morning some of my servants remained as true believers in Me and some became disbelievers. Whoever said that the rain was due to the blessings and the mercy of Allah, had belief in Me, and he disbelieves in the stars; and whoever said that it rained because of a particular star, had no belief in Me, but believes in that star.
This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, all using a chain of narration in which Imam Malik was included.
Qatadah said,
Al-Hasan used to say, `How evil is that all that some people have earned for themselves from the Book of Allah, is denying it!'
Al-Hasan's statement means that such people gained no benefit from the Book of Allah because they denied it, as Allah said:
أَفَبِهَذَا الۡحَدِيثِ أَنتُم مُّدۡهِنُونَ
وَتَجۡعَلُونَ رِزۡقَكُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ تُكَذِّبُونَ
Is it such a talk that you Mudhinun, And you make your provision that you deny!
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