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Ayah
Word by Word
مُتَّكِـِٔينَ
Reclining
عَلَىٰ
on
رَفۡرَفٍ
cushions
خُضۡرٖ
green
وَعَبۡقَرِيٍّ
and carpets
حِسَانٖ
beautiful
مُتَّكِـِٔينَ
Reclining
عَلَىٰ
on
رَفۡرَفٍ
cushions
خُضۡرٖ
green
وَعَبۡقَرِيٍّ
and carpets
حِسَانٖ
beautiful
Translation
Reclining on green Cushions and rich Carpets of beauty.
Tafsir
Reclining, namely, their spouses (muttaki'eena, syntactically, it is as [described] above) upon green cushions (rafraf is the plural of rafrafa, which can mean [either] 'carpets' or 'cushions') and lovely druggets ('abqariyyin, the plural of 'abqariyya, which are velvet carpets).
These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an.
Allah said:
وَمِن دُونِهِمَا جَنَّتَانِ
And below these two, there are two other Gardens.
We previously mentioned the Hadith stating that there are two gardens made of gold, their vessels and all they contain, and there are two gardens made of silver, their vessels and all they contain. The first two are for the near believers (Muqarribin) and the latter two are for those on the right (Ashab Al-Yamin).
Abu Musa commented,
There are two gardens made of gold for the Muqarribin and two gardens made of silver for Ashab Al-Yamin.
There are several proofs that the former two gardens in Paradise are better in grade than the latter. Allah mentioned the former two gardens before the latter two, thus indicating their significance, then He said,
وَمِن دُونِهِمَا جَنَّتَانِ
(And below these two, there are two other Gardens). And this is an obvious form of honoring the first two gardens over the latter two.
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
Allah described the former gardens:
ذَوَاتَا أَفۡنَانٍ
(With Afnan), which are the extending branches, as we explained, or various types of delights. But He said about the latter two gardens,
مُدۡهَامَّتَانِ
Mudhammatan,
being dark, because of the intense irrigation.
Ibn Abbas said,
Mudhammatan means, they have become dark green because of extensive water irrigation.
Muhammad bin Ka`b said:
مُدۡهَامَّتَانِ
(Mudhammatan),
Full of greenery.
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
فِيهِمَا عَيۡنَانِ نَضَّاخَتَانِ
In them (both) will be two springs Naddakhatan.
There is no doubt that the former two gardens are better, their branches are fresh, youthful and intermingling. Allah said about the former two gardens,
فِيهِمَا عَيۡنَانِ تَجۡرِيَانِ
(In them (both) will be two springs flowing (free)), while He said about the springs of the latter two gardens,
نَضَّاخَتَانِ
(Naddakhatan);
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas:
It means gushing. And the free flowing is stronger than gushing.
Ad-Dahhak said that,
نَضَّاخَتَانِ
(gushing forth) means,
they are full of water and constantly gushing.
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
Allah said about the former two gardens,
فِيهِمَا مِن كُلِّ فَاكِهَةٍ زَوۡجَانِ
(In them (both) will be every kind of fruit in pairs), but He said about the latter two gardens,
فِيهِمَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَنَخۡلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ
In them (both) will be fruits, and date palms and pomegranates.
There is no doubt that the first description is better and refers to more of a variety and more types of fruit.
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
Allah said about the latter two gardens, Allah then said;
فِيهِنَّ خَيۡرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ
Therein will be Khayrat Hisan;
meaning, there are various types of good and delightful things in these two gardens in Paradise, according to Qatadah.
It was also said that Khayrat is plural of Khayrah and it is a righteous, well-mannered, beautiful woman, according to the majority of scholars, and it is also reported from Umm Salamah as a Hadith from the Prophet.
There is another Hadith saying that Al-Hur Al-Ayn will sing,
نَحۡنُ الۡخَيۡرَاتُ الۡحِسَانُ خُلِقۡنَا لاَِزۡوَاجٍ كِرَام
We are Al-Khayrat Al-Hisan, we were created for honorable husbands.
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
Allah said:
حُورٌ مَّقۡصُورَاتٌ فِي الۡخِيَامِ
Hur (beautiful, fair females) guarded in pavilions;
but He said about the first two gardens,
فِيهِنَّ قَاصِرَاتُ الطَّرۡفِ
(Wherein both will be Qasirat At-Tarf), There is no doubt that the chaste wives that restrain their glances themselves, are better than those guarded in pavilions even though both are secluded.
About Allah's saying:
فِي الۡخِيَامِ
(in pavilions), Al-Bukhari recorded that Abdullah bin Qays said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ فِي الۡجَنَّةِ خَيۡمَةً مِنۡ لُوۡلُوَةٍ مُجَوَّفَةٍ عَرۡضُهَا سِتُّونَ مِيلً فِي كُلِّ زَاوِيَةٍ مِنۡهَا أَهۡلٌ مَا يَرَوۡنَ الاۡخَرِينَ يَطُوفُ عَلَيۡهِمُ الۡمُوۡمِنُون
Verily, in Paradise, the believer will have a tent from a hollow pearl, the width thereof is sixty miles. In each corner of it there are wives for the believer that do not see the other wives, and the believer will visit them all.
In another narration the Prophet said that this tent is thirty miles wide.
Muslim recorded this Hadith and in his narration, the Prophet said,
إِنَّ لِلۡمُوۡمِنِ فِي الۡجَنَّةِ لَخَيۡمَةً مِنۡ لُوۡلُوَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ مُجَوَّفَةٍ طُولُهَا سِتُّونَ مِيلً لِلۡمُوۡمِنِ فِيهَا أَهۡلٌ يَطُوفُ عَلَيۡهِمُ الۡمُوۡمِنُ فَلَ يَرَى بَعۡضُهُمۡ بَعۡضًا
Verily in Paradise, the believer will have a tent made of a hollow pearl the length thereof being sixty miles. In it, the believer will have wives who do not see each other, and the believer will visit them all.
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
Allah the Exalted said,
لَمۡ يَطۡمِثۡهُنَّ إِنسٌ قَبۡلَهُمۡ وَلَا جَانٌّ
Whom never were deflowered by a human before nor Jinn.
We explained this meaning before.
Allah added in the description of the first group of the believers' wives,
كَأَنَّهُنَّ الۡيَاقُوتُ وَالۡمَرۡجَانُ
(they are like Yaqut (rubies) and Marjan (pearls).
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
Allah said,
مُتَّكِيِينَ عَلَى رَفۡرَفٍ خُضۡرٍ وَعَبۡقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ
Reclining on green Rafraf and rich beautiful `Abqariy.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas:
Rafraf means cushions.
Mujahid, Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and others also said that Rafraf means cushions.
Al-`Ala' bin Badr said:
The Rafraf are arrayed hanging over the couches.
Allah's statement,
وَعَبۡقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ
(and rich beautiful `Abqariy), Ibn Abbas, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said that `Abqariy means rich carpets.
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny!
Allah said,
تَبَارَكَ اسۡمُ رَبِّكَ ذِي الۡجَلَلِ وَالاِۡكۡرَامِ
Blessed be the Name of your Lord (Allah) Dhil-Jalal wal-Ikram,
Allah states that He is Worthy of being honored and always obeyed, revered and thus worshipped, appreciated and never unappreciated, and remembered and never forgotten.
Abdullah bin Abbas said that,
ذِي الۡجَلَلِ وَالاِۡكۡرَامِ
(Dhil-Jalal wal-Ikram) means,
the Owner of greatness and pride.
In a Hadith, the Prophet said,
إِنَّ مِنۡ إِجۡلَلِ اللهِ إِكۡرَامُ ذِي الشَّيۡبَةِ الۡمُسۡلِمِ وَذِي السُّلۡطَانِ وَحَامِلِ الۡقُرۡانِ غَيۡرِ الۡغَالِي فِيهِ وَلَا الۡجَافِي عَنۡه
Verily, among the acts of venerating Allah, are honoring the elderly Muslims, the one in authority, and carrier (memorizer) of the Qur'an who avoids extremism and laziness with it.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Rabi`ah bin `Amir said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
أَلِظُّوا بِذِي الۡجَلَلِ وَالاِۡكۡرَام
Persist (in invoking Allah) with, Ya Dhal-Jalal wal-Ikram (O Owner of greatness and honor).)
An-Nasa'i also collected this Hadith.
Muslim and the Four Sunan compilers recorded that A'ishah said,
When the Messenger of Allah would (say the) Salam (completing prayer), he would only sit as long as it takes him to say,
اللۡهُمَّ أَنۡتَ السَّلَمُ وَمِنۡكَ السَّلَمُ
تَبَارَكۡتَ يَاذَا الۡجَلَلِ وَالاِۡكۡرَام
O Allah!
You are As-Salam, and peace comes from You. Blessed be You Ya Dhal-Jalal wal-Ikram
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Ar-Rahman, all praise is due to Allah and all favors come from Him.
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