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Ayah
Word by Word
كَذَّبَتۡ
Denied
قَبۡلَهُمۡ
before them
قَوۡمُ
(the) people
نُوحٖ
(of) Nuh
فَكَذَّبُواْ
and they denied
عَبۡدَنَا
Our slave
وَقَالُواْ
and said
مَجۡنُونٞ
A madman
وَٱزۡدُجِرَ
and he was repelled
كَذَّبَتۡ
Denied
قَبۡلَهُمۡ
before them
قَوۡمُ
(the) people
نُوحٖ
(of) Nuh
فَكَذَّبُواْ
and they denied
عَبۡدَنَا
Our slave
وَقَالُواْ
and said
مَجۡنُونٞ
A madman
وَٱزۡدُجِرَ
and he was repelled
Translation
Before them the People of Noah rejected (their messenger): they rejected Our servant, and said, "Here is one possessed!", and he was driven out.
Tafsir
The people of Noah denied (kadhdhabat has feminine inflection on account of the import [referring to a feminine noun], qawm, 'tribe') before them, before Quraysh. Thus they denied Our servant, Noah, and said, 'A madman!', and he was reviled: they repulsed him with insults and in other ways.
The Story of the People of Nuh and the Lesson from it
Allah the Exalted said,
كَذَّبَتۡ قَبۡلَهُمۡ
denied before them, (before your people, O Muhammad),
قَوۡمُ نُوحٍ فَكَذَّبُوا عَبۡدَنَا
the people of Nuh. They rejected Our servant,
means, they denied him categorically and accused him of madness,
وَقَالُوا مَجۡنُونٌ وَازۡدُجِرَ
and said:A madman! Wazdujir.
Mujahid said about Wazdujir:
He was driven out accused on account of madness.
It was also said that Wazdujir means,
he was rebuked, deterred, threatened and warned by his people saying:
لَيِنۡ لَّمۡ تَنۡتَهِ ينُوحُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الۡمُرۡجُومِينَ
If you do not stop O Nuh, you will be among those who will be stoned. (26:116)
This was said by Ibn Zayd, and it is sound.
فَدَعَا
رَبَّهُ أَنِّي مَغۡلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرۡ
Then he invoked his Lord (saying):
I have been overcome, so help (me)!
meaning, `I am weak and cannot overcome or resist my people, so help Your religion!'
Allah the Exalted said,
فَفَتَحۡنَا أَبۡوَابَ السَّمَاء بِمَاء مُّنۡهَمِرٍ
So, We opened the gates of the heaven with water Munhamir.
As-Suddi said about Munhamir, It means abundant.
وَفَجَّرۡنَا الاَۡرۡضَ عُيُونًا
And We caused springs to gush forth from the earth.
means, from every part of the earth, and even ovens in which fire was burning -- water and springs gushed forth,
فَالۡتَقَى الۡمَاء
So, the waters met,
means, of the heaven and the earth,
عَلَى أَمۡرٍ قَدۡ قُدِرَ
for a matter predestined.
Ibn Jurayj reported from Ibn Abbas:
فَفَتَحۡنَا أَبۡوَابَ السَّمَاء بِمَاء مُّنۡهَمِر
(So, We opened the gates of the heaven with water Munhamir),
Torrential rain, the only water that fell from the sky before that day and ever since was from clouds. But the sky's gates were opened on them that day, and therefore, the water that came down was not from clouds. So both the waters (of the earth and the heaven) met according to a matter ordained.
Allah said,
وَحَمَلۡنَاهُ عَلَى ذَاتِ أَلۡوَاحٍ وَدُسُرٍ
And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails (Dusur),
Ibn Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Qurazi, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said that Dusur means nails.
Ibn Jarir preferred this view.
Allah's statement
تَجۡرِي بِأَعۡيُنِنَا
Floating under Our Eyes,
means, `by Our command and under Our protection and observation,'
جَزَاء لِّمَن كَانَ كُفِرَ
a reward for him who had been rejected!
meaning, as recompense for them because of their disbelief in Allah and as reward for Nuh, peace be upon him.
Allah the Exalted said
وَلَقَد تَّرَكۡنَاهَا ايَةً
And indeed, We have left this as a sign.
Qatadah said,
Allah left the ship of Nuh intact until the first generation of this Ummah were able to see it.
However, it appears that the meaning here is that Allah kept ships as a sign. For instance, Allah the Exalted said,
وَءَايَةٌ لَّهُمۡ أَنَّا حَمَلۡنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُمۡ فِى الۡفُلۡكِ الۡمَشۡحُونِ
وَخَلَقۡنَا لَهُمۡ مِّن مِّثۡلِهِ مَا يَرۡكَبُونَ
And a sign for them is that We bore their offspring in the laden ship. And We have created for them of the like thereunto, on which they ride. (36:41-42),
إِنَّا لَمَّا طَغَا الۡمَأءُ حَمَلۡنَـكُمۡ فِى الۡجَارِيَةِ
لِنَجۡعَلَهَا لَكُمۡ تَذۡكِرَةً وَتَعِيَهَأ أُذُنٌ وَعِيَةٌ
Verily, when the water rose beyond its limits, We carried you in the boat. That We might make it an admonition for you and that it might be retained by the retaining ears. (69:11-12)
Allah's statement here,
فَهَلۡ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
Then is there any that will remember?
means, `is there any that will receive admonition and reminder.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Mas`ud said,
The Prophet recited to me,
فَهَلۡ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(Then is there any that will remember)
Al-Bukhari collected a similar Hadith from Abdullah that he said,
I recited to the Prophet
فَهَلۡ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(then is there any that will remember) and the Prophet said,
فَهَلۡ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(Then is there any that will remember).
Allah's statement,
فَكَيۡفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ
Then how (terrible) was My torment and My warnings?
means, `how terrible was My torment that I inflicted on those who disbelieved in Me and denied My Messengers, who did not heed to My warnings How was My help that I extended to My Messengers and the revenge exerted on their behalf,
وَلَقَدۡ يَسَّرۡنَا الۡقُرۡانَ لِلذِّكۡرِ
And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember;
meaning, `We have made the Qur'an easy to recite and comprehend for those who seek these traits, to remind mankind,'
as Allah said,
كِتَـبٌ أَنزَلۡنَـهُ إِلَيۡكَ مُبَـرَكٌ لِّيَدَّبَّرُواۡ ءَايَـتِهِ وَلِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُوۡلُو الاٌّلۡبَـبِ
(This is) a Book which We have sent down to you, full of blessings, that they may ponder over its Ayat, and that men of understanding may remember. (38:29),
فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّرۡنَـهُ بِلَسَانِكَ لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ الۡمُتَّقِينَ وَتُنۡذِرَ بِهِ قَوۡماً لُّدّاً
So We have made this (the Qur'an) easy in your own tongue, only that you may give glad tidings to those who have Taqwa and warn with it the most quarrelsome people. (19:97)
Allah said,
فَهَلۡ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
then is there any that will remember,
meaning, `is there anyone who will remember through this Qur'an, which We made easy to memorize and easy to understand?'
Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi commented on this Ayah,
Is there anyone who will avoid evil?
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