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Ayah

Word by Word
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
ءَامَنُوٓاْ
believe
إِذَا
When
قُمۡتُمۡ
you stand up
إِلَى
for
ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
the prayer
فَٱغۡسِلُواْ
then wash
وُجُوهَكُمۡ
your faces
وَأَيۡدِيَكُمۡ
and your hands
إِلَى
till
ٱلۡمَرَافِقِ
the elbows
وَٱمۡسَحُواْ
and wipe
بِرُءُوسِكُمۡ
your heads
وَأَرۡجُلَكُمۡ
and your feet
إِلَى
till
ٱلۡكَعۡبَيۡنِۚ
the ankles
وَإِن
But if
كُنتُمۡ
you are
جُنُبٗا
(in) a state of ceremonial impurity
فَٱطَّهَّرُواْۚ
then purify yourselves
وَإِن
But if
كُنتُم
you are
مَّرۡضَىٰٓ
ill
أَوۡ
or
عَلَىٰ
on
سَفَرٍ
a journey
أَوۡ
or
جَآءَ
has come
أَحَدٞ
any one
مِّنكُم
of you
مِّنَ
from
ٱلۡغَآئِطِ
the toilet
أَوۡ
or
لَٰمَسۡتُمُ
has (had) contact
ٱلنِّسَآءَ
(with) the women
فَلَمۡ
and not
تَجِدُواْ
you find
مَآءٗ
water
فَتَيَمَّمُواْ
then do tayyammum
صَعِيدٗا
(with) earth
طَيِّبٗا
clean
فَٱمۡسَحُواْ
then wipe
بِوُجُوهِكُمۡ
your faces
وَأَيۡدِيكُم
and your hands
مِّنۡهُۚ
with it
مَا
Does not
يُرِيدُ
intend
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لِيَجۡعَلَ
to make
عَلَيۡكُم
for you
مِّنۡ
any
حَرَجٖ
difficulty
وَلَٰكِن
but
يُرِيدُ
He intends
لِيُطَهِّرَكُمۡ
to purify you
وَلِيُتِمَّ
and to complete
نِعۡمَتَهُۥ
His Favor
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
upon you
لَعَلَّكُمۡ
so that you may
تَشۡكُرُونَ
(be) grateful
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
ءَامَنُوٓاْ
believe
إِذَا
When
قُمۡتُمۡ
you stand up
إِلَى
for
ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
the prayer
فَٱغۡسِلُواْ
then wash
وُجُوهَكُمۡ
your faces
وَأَيۡدِيَكُمۡ
and your hands
إِلَى
till
ٱلۡمَرَافِقِ
the elbows
وَٱمۡسَحُواْ
and wipe
بِرُءُوسِكُمۡ
your heads
وَأَرۡجُلَكُمۡ
and your feet
إِلَى
till
ٱلۡكَعۡبَيۡنِۚ
the ankles
وَإِن
But if
كُنتُمۡ
you are
جُنُبٗا
(in) a state of ceremonial impurity
فَٱطَّهَّرُواْۚ
then purify yourselves
وَإِن
But if
كُنتُم
you are
مَّرۡضَىٰٓ
ill
أَوۡ
or
عَلَىٰ
on
سَفَرٍ
a journey
أَوۡ
or
جَآءَ
has come
أَحَدٞ
any one
مِّنكُم
of you
مِّنَ
from
ٱلۡغَآئِطِ
the toilet
أَوۡ
or
لَٰمَسۡتُمُ
has (had) contact
ٱلنِّسَآءَ
(with) the women
فَلَمۡ
and not
تَجِدُواْ
you find
مَآءٗ
water
فَتَيَمَّمُواْ
then do tayyammum
صَعِيدٗا
(with) earth
طَيِّبٗا
clean
فَٱمۡسَحُواْ
then wipe
بِوُجُوهِكُمۡ
your faces
وَأَيۡدِيكُم
and your hands
مِّنۡهُۚ
with it
مَا
Does not
يُرِيدُ
intend
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لِيَجۡعَلَ
to make
عَلَيۡكُم
for you
مِّنۡ
any
حَرَجٖ
difficulty
وَلَٰكِن
but
يُرِيدُ
He intends
لِيُطَهِّرَكُمۡ
to purify you
وَلِيُتِمَّ
and to complete
نِعۡمَتَهُۥ
His Favor
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
upon you
لَعَلَّكُمۡ
so that you may
تَشۡكُرُونَ
(be) grateful

Translation

O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janābah,1 then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women2 and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allāh does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful.
Footnotes
1 See footnote to 4:43.
2 i.e., had sexual intercourse.

Tafsir

O you who believe, when you stand up, that is, when you intend to go, to pray, and you are in [a state of] ritual impurity, wash your faces, and your hands up to the elbows, that is, including them [the elbows], as is clarified in the Sunna; and wipe your heads (the baa' in bi-ru'oosikum is for 'adherence'), that is to say, wipe over [the head] adhering [the hand] closely, without [excessive] water pouring over; the noun [ra's, 'head'] is generic, and so the minimum required to fulfil [the stipulation] is acceptable, which is the wiping of some of the hair, as al-Shaafi'ee asserts); and your feet (read wa-arjulakum in the accusative as a supplement to aydeeyakum; or wa-arjulikum in the genitive because of its adjacency to [the genitive] bi-ru'oosikum), up to the ankles, that is, including them [the ankles], as is clarified in the Sunna, and they are the two protruding bones at the juncture of the legs and the feet. The interposing of the wiping of the head between [the mention of] the hands and the feet, which are washed, is intended to show the requirement of [a specific] order during the purification of these limbs, as al-Shaafi'ee asserts. In addition, the requirement of making intention (niyya) in this [ablution], as in the other rituals of worship, is taken from the Sunna. If you are defiled, purify, wash, yourselves; but if you are sick, with an illness made worse by water, or on a journey, travelling, or if any of you comes from the privy, that is, [if] he has defecated, or you have touched women (as mentioned already in the verse in [soorat] al-Nisaa' [Q. 4:43]), and you cannot find water, having made the effort to look for it, then head for, seek, wholesome dust, that is, clean earth, and wipe your faces and your hands, including the elbows, with it, using two strikes (the baa' of bi-wujoohikum, 'your faces', denotes 'adherence'; it is explained in the Sunna that the requirement here is for the wiping to encompass the whole of these two parts. God does not desire to make any hardship for you, any constraint, in the obligations He has imposed on you with regard to ablution, washing and purification with dust; but He desires to purify you, of filth and sins, and that He may perfect His grace upon you, through Islam, by explaining the laws of the religion; so that you might give thanks, for His graces.

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