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Ayah
Word by Word
وَإِن
And if
طَآئِفَتَانِ
two parties
مِنَ
among
ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
the believers
ٱقۡتَتَلُواْ
fight
فَأَصۡلِحُواْ
then make peace
بَيۡنَهُمَاۖ
between both of them
فَإِنۢ
But if
بَغَتۡ
oppresses
إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا
one of them
عَلَى
on
ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰ
the other
فَقَٰتِلُواْ
then fight
ٱلَّتِي
one which
تَبۡغِي
oppresses
حَتَّىٰ
until
تَفِيٓءَ
it returns
إِلَىٰٓ
to
أَمۡرِ
(the) command
ٱللَّهِۚ
(of) Allah
فَإِن
Then if
فَآءَتۡ
it returns
فَأَصۡلِحُواْ
then make peace
بَيۡنَهُمَا
between them
بِٱلۡعَدۡلِ
with justice
وَأَقۡسِطُوٓاْۖ
and act justly
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُحِبُّ
loves
ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَ
those who act justly
وَإِن
And if
طَآئِفَتَانِ
two parties
مِنَ
among
ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
the believers
ٱقۡتَتَلُواْ
fight
فَأَصۡلِحُواْ
then make peace
بَيۡنَهُمَاۖ
between both of them
فَإِنۢ
But if
بَغَتۡ
oppresses
إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا
one of them
عَلَى
on
ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰ
the other
فَقَٰتِلُواْ
then fight
ٱلَّتِي
one which
تَبۡغِي
oppresses
حَتَّىٰ
until
تَفِيٓءَ
it returns
إِلَىٰٓ
to
أَمۡرِ
(the) command
ٱللَّهِۚ
(of) Allah
فَإِن
Then if
فَآءَتۡ
it returns
فَأَصۡلِحُواْ
then make peace
بَيۡنَهُمَا
between them
بِٱلۡعَدۡلِ
with justice
وَأَقۡسِطُوٓاْۖ
and act justly
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُحِبُّ
loves
ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَ
those who act justly
Translation
If two parties among the Believers fall into a quarrel, make ye peace between them: but if one of them transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then fight ye (all) against the one that transgresses until it complies with the command of Allah; but if it complies, then make peace between them with justice, and be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair (and just).
Tafsir
And if two parties of believers (in taa'ifataani mina'l-mu'mineena ... [to the end of] the verse, was revealed regarding a particular incident where the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him was riding a donkey and happened to pass by Ibn Ubayy; the donkey urinated and so Ibn Ubayy held his nose, whereupon ['Abd Allaah] Ibn Rawaahaa said, 'By God, the smell of the donkey's urine is sweeter-smelling than your musk. Fighting then ensued between the two clans with fists, sandals and palm branches [being thrown about]) fall to fighting (iqtataloo: the plural is used on account of the [plural] import, for each party is made up of several individuals; a variant reading has [the dual form] iqtatalataa), make peace between them (baynahumaa: the dual here takes into account the actual [dual] form [of taa'ifataan, 'two parties']). And if one of them aggresses against the other, fight the one which aggresses until it returns to God's ordinance, [to] the truth. Then, if it returns, reconcile them,fairly, and act justly. Surely God loves the just.
Making Peace between Disputing Muslims
Allah commands making peace between Muslims that fight each other,
وَإِن طَايِفَتَانِ مِنَ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ اقۡتَتَلُوا فَأَصۡلِحُوا بَيۡنَهُمَا
And if two parties among the believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them both.
Therefore, Allah calls both opposing groups among Muslims, believers, although they are fighting each other. Al-Bukhari and other scholars relied on this Hadith as evidence that committing a sin does not nullify faith, no matter how major the sin is. This creed contradicts the creed of the Khawarij sect and those who accepted their idea, such as the Mutazilah sect.
Al-Bukhari narrated that Al-Hasan said that Abu Bakrah said;
the Messenger of Allah gave a speech on the Minbar while Al-Hasan bin Ali was with him. He was repeatedly looking at Al-Hasan and then at the people; then said,
إِنَّ ابۡنِي هذَا سَيِّدٌ وَلَعَلَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أَنۡ يُصۡلِحَ بِهِ بَيۡنَ فِيَتَيۡنِ عَظِيمَتَيۡنِ مِنَ الۡمُسۡلِمِين
Verily, this son of mine is a Sayyid (chief or master), and may Allah make peace between two great groups of Muslims through him.
What the Prophet said, occurred. Al-Hasan brought peace between the people of Ash-Sham and Iraq, after they fought tremendous wars and frightening battles.
Allah's statement,
فَإِن بَغَتۡ إِحۡدَاهُمَا عَلَى الاۡإُخۡرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبۡغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمۡرِ اللَّهِ
.
But if one of them outrages against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which outrages till it complies with the command of Allah.
means, until the rebellious group refers to the commands of Allah and His Messenger for judgement and they listen to and obey the truth.
There is a Hadith in the Sahih in which Anas states that the Messenger of Allah said,
انۡصُرۡ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمًا أَوۡ مَظۡلُومًا
Help your brother, whether he is an oppressor or he is oppressed.
I asked, `O Allah's Messenger! It is right that I help him if he is oppressed, but how should I help him if he is an oppressor?'
He said,
تَمۡنَعُهُ مِنَ الظُّلۡمِ فَذَاكَ نَصۡرُكَ إِيَّاه
By preventing him from oppressing others; this is how you help him in this case.
Sa`id bin Jubayr said that tribes of Aws and Khazraj once got in a scuffle using date tree branches and slippers. Allah revealed this honorable Ayah commanding them to make peace between them.
As-Suddi said,
A man from Al-Ansar, whose name was Imran, had a wife called Umm Zayd. She wanted to visit her family, but her husband prevented her from visiting them by locking her in an upper room. So, none of her family could visit or see her. She sent someone to her family. They came, took her down from the room and wanted to take her away. Her husband was absent at the time, so his family called on their people. Their cousins came to help prevent the wife from going with her family. A push and shove situation occurred that led to them fighting using slippers.
This Ayah was then revealed in their case, and the Messenger of Allah sent someone to bring peace between them, and they both agreed to resort to the decision of Allah the Exalted.
The statement of Allah the Exalted, next,
فَإِن فَاءتۡ فَأَصۡلِحُوا بَيۡنَهُمَا بِالۡعَدۡلِ وَأَقۡسِطُوا
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُقۡسِطِينَ
Then if it complies, then make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily, Allah loves those who are the equitable.
means, be fair in your judgement regarding the dispute that occurred between them,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُقۡسِطِينَ
(Verily, Allah loves those who are the equitable), Ibn Abi Hatim recorded, that Abdullah bin `Amr said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ الۡمُقۡسِطِينَ فِي الدُّنۡيَا عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنۡ لُوۡلُوٍ بَيۡنَ يَدَيِ الرَّحۡمنِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِمَا أَقۡسَطُوا فِي الدُّنۡيَا
Verily, those who are equitable in this life, will be on podiums made of pearls before Ar-Rahman, the Exalted and Most Honored, on account of their fairness in this life.
An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith.
Allah's statement
إِنَّمَا الۡمُوۡمِنُونَ إِخۡوَةٌ
The believers are but a brotherhood.
means, all of them are brothers in Islam.
The Messenger of Allah said,
الۡمُسۡلِمُ أَخُو الۡمُسۡلِمِ لَا يَظۡلِمُهُ وَلَا يُسۡلِمُه
The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim, he is not unjust with him nor does he forsake him.
In the Sahih,
وَاللهُ فِي عَوۡنِ الۡعَبۡدِ مَا كَانَ الۡعَبۡدُ فِي عَوۡنِ أَخِيه
Allah helps the servant as long as the servant helps his brother.
Also in the Sahih:
إِذَا دَعَا الۡمُسۡلِمُ لاَِخِيهِ بِظَهۡرِ الۡغَيۡبِ قَالَ الۡمَلَكُ امِينَ وَلَكَ بِمِثۡلِه
If the Muslim invokes Allah for the benefit of his absent brother, the angel says afterwards, Amin, and for you the same.
There are many Hadiths with this meaning, such as, in the Sahih,
مَثَلُ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ فِي تَوَادِّهِمۡ وَتَرَاحُمِهِمۡ وَتَوَاصُلِهِمۡ كَمَثَلِ الۡجَسَدِ الۡوَاحِدِ إِذَا اشۡتَكَى مِنۡهُ عُضۡوٌ تَدَاعَى لَهُ سَايِرُ الۡجَسَدِ بِالۡحُمَّى وَالسَّهَر
The parable of the believers in relation to the kindness, mercy and compassion they have for each other, is that of the body:when an organ of it falls ill, the rest of the body responds with fever and sleeplessness.
And also in Sahih.
الۡمُوۡمِنُ لِلۡمُوۡمِنِ كَالۡبُنۡيَانِ يَشُدُّ بَعۡضُهُ بَعۡضًا
A believer to another believer is like a building whose different parts enforce each other.
The Prophet then clasped his hands with the fingers interlaced.
Allah's statement,
فَأَصۡلِحُوا بَيۡنَ أَخَوَيۡكُمۡ
So make reconciliation between your brothers,
refers to the two groups that fight each other,
وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ
and have Taqwa of Allah (in all of your affairs),
لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُرۡحَمُونَ
that you may receive mercy.
and this is a promise from Allah that He will grant mercy to those who fear and obey Him.
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