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Ayah

Word by Word
إِذۡ
When
جَعَلَ
had put
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
فِي
in
قُلُوبِهِمُ
their hearts
ٱلۡحَمِيَّةَ
disdain
حَمِيَّةَ
(the) disdain
ٱلۡجَٰهِلِيَّةِ
(of) the time of ignorance
فَأَنزَلَ
Then Allah sent down
ٱللَّهُ
Then Allah sent down
سَكِينَتَهُۥ
His tranquility
عَلَىٰ
upon
رَسُولِهِۦ
His Messenger
وَعَلَى
and upon
ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
the believers
وَأَلۡزَمَهُمۡ
and made them adhere
كَلِمَةَ
(to the) word
ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰ
(of) righteousness
وَكَانُوٓاْ
and they were
أَحَقَّ
more deserving
بِهَا
of it
وَأَهۡلَهَاۚ
and worthy of it
وَكَانَ
And is
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
بِكُلِّ
of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمٗا
All-Knower
إِذۡ
When
جَعَلَ
had put
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
فِي
in
قُلُوبِهِمُ
their hearts
ٱلۡحَمِيَّةَ
disdain
حَمِيَّةَ
(the) disdain
ٱلۡجَٰهِلِيَّةِ
(of) the time of ignorance
فَأَنزَلَ
Then Allah sent down
ٱللَّهُ
Then Allah sent down
سَكِينَتَهُۥ
His tranquility
عَلَىٰ
upon
رَسُولِهِۦ
His Messenger
وَعَلَى
and upon
ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
the believers
وَأَلۡزَمَهُمۡ
and made them adhere
كَلِمَةَ
(to the) word
ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰ
(of) righteousness
وَكَانُوٓاْ
and they were
أَحَقَّ
more deserving
بِهَا
of it
وَأَهۡلَهَاۚ
and worthy of it
وَكَانَ
And is
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
بِكُلِّ
of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمٗا
All-Knower

Translation

When those who disbelieved had put into their hearts chauvinism - the chauvinism of the time of ignorance. But Allāh sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers and imposed upon them the word of righteousness, and they were more deserving of it and worthy of it. And ever is Allāh, of all things, Knowing.

Tafsir

When those who disbelieve (alladheena kafaroo is the subject [of the following verb ja'ala]) nourished (idh ja'ala is semantically connected to 'adhdhabnaa) in their hearts zealotry (al-hamiyya, [means] 'disdain of something'), the zealotry of pagandom (hamiyyata'l-jaahiliyyati substitutes for al-hamiyyata, 'zealotry'), namely, their barring of the Prophet and his Companions from [visiting] the Sacred Mosque, [but] then God sent down His spirit of Peace upon His Messenger and the believers, and so they [the disbelievers] made a truce with them on the condition that they [the believers] would [be allowed to] return the following year, and [such] zealotry would not overcome them [the believers] as it did the disbelievers [then] until they would come to fight them [later], and He made them, the believers, abide by the word of God-fearing (kalimata'l-taqwaa): 'there is no god except God, [and] Muhammad is His Messenger' (it [kalima, 'word'] is annexed to al-taqwaa because it is the cause of it), for they were worthier of it, of the word, than the disbelievers, and deserving of it (wa-ahlahaa is an explanatory supplement). And God is ever Knower of all things, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such an attribute, and among the things He knows is that they are worthy of it.

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