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Ayah
Word by Word
هُمُ
They
ٱلَّذِينَ
(are) those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
وَصَدُّوكُمۡ
and hindered you
عَنِ
from
ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ
Al-Masjid
ٱلۡحَرَامِ
Al-Haraam
وَٱلۡهَدۡيَ
while the offering
مَعۡكُوفًا
(was) prevented
أَن
from
يَبۡلُغَ
reaching
مَحِلَّهُۥۚ
its place (of sacrifice)
وَلَوۡلَا
And if not
رِجَالٞ
(for) men
مُّؤۡمِنُونَ
believing
وَنِسَآءٞ
and women
مُّؤۡمِنَٰتٞ
believing
لَّمۡ
not
تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ
you knew them
أَن
that
تَطَـُٔوهُمۡ
you may trample them
فَتُصِيبَكُم
and would befall you
مِّنۡهُم
from them
مَّعَرَّةُۢ
any harm
بِغَيۡرِ
without
عِلۡمٖۖ
knowledge
لِّيُدۡخِلَ
That Allah may admit
ٱللَّهُ
That Allah may admit
فِي
to
رَحۡمَتِهِۦ
His Mercy
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُۚ
He wills
لَوۡ
If
تَزَيَّلُواْ
they had been apart
لَعَذَّبۡنَا
surely, We would have punished
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
مِنۡهُمۡ
among them
عَذَابًا
(with) a punishment
أَلِيمًا
painful
هُمُ
They
ٱلَّذِينَ
(are) those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
وَصَدُّوكُمۡ
and hindered you
عَنِ
from
ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ
Al-Masjid
ٱلۡحَرَامِ
Al-Haraam
وَٱلۡهَدۡيَ
while the offering
مَعۡكُوفًا
(was) prevented
أَن
from
يَبۡلُغَ
reaching
مَحِلَّهُۥۚ
its place (of sacrifice)
وَلَوۡلَا
And if not
رِجَالٞ
(for) men
مُّؤۡمِنُونَ
believing
وَنِسَآءٞ
and women
مُّؤۡمِنَٰتٞ
believing
لَّمۡ
not
تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ
you knew them
أَن
that
تَطَـُٔوهُمۡ
you may trample them
فَتُصِيبَكُم
and would befall you
مِّنۡهُم
from them
مَّعَرَّةُۢ
any harm
بِغَيۡرِ
without
عِلۡمٖۖ
knowledge
لِّيُدۡخِلَ
That Allah may admit
ٱللَّهُ
That Allah may admit
فِي
to
رَحۡمَتِهِۦ
His Mercy
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُۚ
He wills
لَوۡ
If
تَزَيَّلُواْ
they had been apart
لَعَذَّبۡنَا
surely, We would have punished
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
مِنۡهُمۡ
among them
عَذَابًا
(with) a punishment
أَلِيمًا
painful
Translation
They are the ones who denied Revelation and hindered you from the Sacred Mosque and the sacrificial animals, detained from reaching their place of sacrifice. Had there not been believing men and believing women whom ye did not know that ye were trampling down and on whose account a crime would have accrued to you without (your) knowledge, (Allah would have allowed you to force your way, but He held back your hands) that He may admit to His Mercy whom He will. If they had been apart, We should certainly have punished the Unbelievers among them with a grievous Punishment.
Tafsir
They are the ones who disbelieved and barred you from the Sacred Mosque, that is, [barred you] from reaching it, and [prevented] the offering (wa'l-hadya is a supplement to the [suffixed pronoun] -kum, 'you' [of saddookum, 'they barred you']), which was detained (ma'koofan is a circumstantial qualifier), from reaching its destination, that is, [from] the place at which it is customarily sacrificed, namely, the Sanctuary [itself] (an yablugha mahillahu, is an inclusive substitution). And were it not for [some of] the believing men and believing women, being present at Mecca alongside the disbelievers, whom you did not know, to be believers - lest you should trample them, that is to say, [lest] you should slay them together with the disbelievers, had you been given permission to embark on the conquest (an tata'oohum is an inclusive substitution for -hum, 'them' [of lam ta'lamoohum, 'whom you did not know']), and thus incur sin on account of them without, your, knowing, it . (the third person pronouns in both groups [of people] predominantly imply males; the response to lawlaa, 'were it not', has been omitted [through ellipsis], being [something along the lines of] la-udhina lakum fee'l-fathi, 'you would have been permitted to embark on the conquest'), but permission for this was not given at the time, so that God may admit into His mercy whom He will, such as those believers mentioned. Had they been clearly separated, [had] they [the believers] been distinguishable from the disbelievers, We would have surely chastised the disbelievers among them, of the people of Mecca [immediately] thereat, by permitting you to go ahead with the conquest thereof, with a painful chastisement.
Some of the Benefits gained from the Treaty at Al-Hudaybiyyah
Allah the Exalted states that the Arab idolators from Quraysh and their allies who extended help to them against His Messenger,
هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا
They are those who disbelieved,
i.e. they are indeed the disbelievers,
وَصَدُّوكُمۡ عَنِ الۡمَسۡجِدِ الۡحَرَامِ
and hindered you from Al-Masjid Al-Haram,
i.e. `even though you are its people and more worthy of being responsible for it,'
وَالۡهَدۡيَ مَعۡكُوفًا أَن يَبۡلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ
and detained the sacrificial animals, from reaching their place of sacrifice.
i.e. they prevented, because of transgression and stubbornness, the sacrificial animals from being reached to the place where they would be slaughtered. There were seventy sacrificial camels designated for sacrifice, as we will mention, Allah willing.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
وَلَوۡلَا رِجَالٌ مُّوۡمِنُونَ وَنِسَاء مُّوۡمِنَاتٌ
Had there not been believing men and believing women,
i.e. `living among the Makkans hiding their faith for fearing for their safety from the pagans. Otherwise, We would have given you authority over the Makkans and you would have killed them to the brink of extermination. However, there were some faithful believers, men and women, living among them, about whom you had no knowledge of being believers and you might try to kill them.'
Allah's statement,
لَّمۡ تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ أَن تَطَوُوهُمۡ فَتُصِيبَكُم مِّنۡهُم مَّعَرَّةٌ
whom you did not know, that you may kill them and on whose account a sin would have been committed by you, (an evil and erroneous act),
بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ لِيُدۡخِلَ اللَّهُ فِي رَحۡمَتِهِ مَن يَشَاء
without (your) knowledge, that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He wills,
that Allah might delay the punishment of the pagans of Makkah to save the believers who lived among them, and so that many of the idolators might embrace Islam.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
لَوۡ تَزَيَّلُوا
if they had been apart,
i.e. if the disbelievers and the believers who were living among them had been apart,
لَعَذَّبۡنَا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
We verily, would have punished with painful torment those of them who disbelieved.
`We would have given you dominance over the disbelievers and you would have inflicted tremendous slaughter on them.'
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said
إِذۡ جَعَلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الۡحَمِيَّةَ حَمِيَّةَ الۡجَاهِلِيَّةِ
When those who disbelieve had put in their hearts pride and haughtiness -- the pride and haughtiness of the time of ignorance,
i.e. when they refused to write (in the treaty document), `In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,' and, `These are the terms agreed on by Muhammad, Allah's Messenger,'
فَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ وَأَلۡزَمَهُمۡ كَلِمَةَ التَّقۡوَى
then Allah sent down His calmness and tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers and made them stick to the word of Taqwa;
the word of Taqwa refers to sincerity, according to Mujahid.
Ata' bin Abi Rabah commented,
None has the right to be worshipped but Allah, alone without partners. All the dominion belongs to Him and all praise is due to Him. He is Ever Able to do everything.
Yunus bin Bukayr said that Ibn Ishaq narrated from Az-Zuhri, from `Urwah, from Al-Miswar, commenting on,
وَأَلۡزَمَهُمۡ كَلِمَةَ التَّقۡوَى
(and made them stick to the word of Taqwa;)
`La ilaha illallah, alone without partners.
وَكَانُوا أَحَقَّ بِهَا وَأَهۡلَهَا
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمًا
and they were well entitled to it and worthy of it.
And Allah is the All-Knower of everything.
The Hadiths that tell the Story of Al-Hudaybiyyah and the Peace Treaty that followed
Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy with him, recorded in his Sahih in `Book of Conditions' that Al-Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin Al-Hakam, both narrated attesting to the truthfulness of the other,
Allah's Messenger set out at the time of Al-Hudaybiyyah with several hundred of his Companions. When he reached Dhul-Hulayfah, he had the sacrificial animals garlanded and marked and resumed the state of Ihram for Umrah. He then sent several men from the tribe of Khuza`ah to gather news for him and then he proceeded. When he arrived at a village called Al-Ashtat, his advance regiment came back and said,
`The Quraysh have gathered their forces against you, including Al-Ahabish tribes. They are intent on fighting you, stopping you, and preventing you.'
The Messenger said,
أَشِيرُوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ
أَتُرَوۡنَ أَنۡ نَمِيلَ عَلَى عِيَالِهِمۡ وَذَرَارِيِّ هوُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنۡ يَصُدُّونَا عَنِ الۡبَيۡتِ
Give me your opinion, O people!
Do you think we should attack the families and offspring of those who seek to prevent us from reaching the House?
in another narration, the Prophet said,
أَتُرَوۡنَ أَنۡ نَمِيلَ عَلَى ذَرَارِيِّ هوُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ أَعَانُوهُمۡ فَإِنۡ يَأۡتُونَا كَانَ اللهُ قَدۡ قَطَعَ عُنُقًا مِنَ الۡمُشۡرِكِينَ وَإِلاَّ تَرَكۡنَاهُمۡ مَحۡزُونِين
Do you think we should attack the families of those who helped the Quraysh? If they come to defend against us, then Allah would have diminished the idolator forces. Or we leave them to grieve!
In another narration, the Prophet said,
فَإِنۡ قَعَدُوا قَعَدُوا مَوۡتُورِينَ مَجۡهُودِينَ مَحۡزُونِينَ
وَإِنۡ نَجَوۡا يَكُنۡ عُنُقًا قَطَعَهَا اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
أَمۡ تُرَوۡنَ أَنۡ نَوُمَّ الۡبَيۡتَ فَمَنۡ صَدَّنَا عَنۡهُ قَاتَلۡنَاه
If they remain where they have gathered, they do so in grief, fatigued and depressed. If they save their families, it would be a neck that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored has cut off.
Or, should we head towards the House and if anyone prevents us from reaching it we would fight them.
Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
O, Allah's Messenger!
You only intended to visit the House, not to kill anyone or start a war. Therefore, head towards the House and whoever stands in our way, then we will fight him.
In another narration, Abu Bakr said,
Allah and His Messenger know that we only came to perform Umrah not to fight anyone. However, anyone who tries to prevent us from reaching the House, we will fight him.
The Prophet said,
فَرُوحُوا إِذَن
(Go forth then).
In another narration, the Prophet said,
فَامۡضُوا عَلَى اسۡمِ اللهِ تَعَالَى
(Go forth, in the Name of Allah, the Exalted).
When they proceeded for a distance, the Prophet said,
إِنَّ خَالِدَ بۡنَ الۡوَلِيدِ فِي خَيۡلٍ لِقُرَيۡشٍ طَلِيعَةً فَخُذُوا ذَاتَ الۡيَمِين
Khalid bin Al-Walid is leading the cavalry of Quraysh forming the front of the army, so take the path on the right.
By Allah, Khalid did not perceive the arrival of the Muslims until the dust arising from the march of the Muslim army reached him, then he turned back hurriedly to inform the Quraysh.
The Prophet went on advancing until he reached the Thaniyyah (i.e., a mountainous way) through which he could reach them. The she-camel of the Prophet sat down. The people tried their best to cause her to rise, but it was in vain. So, they said,
`Al-Qaswa has become stubborn! Al-Qaswa has become stubborn!'
The Prophet said,
مَا خَلَاَتِ الۡقَصۡوَاءُ وَمَا ذَاكَ لَهَا بِخُلُقٍ وَلكِنۡ حَبَسَها حَابِسُ الۡفِيل
Al-Qaswa has not become stubborn; for stubbornness is not her habit, but she was stopped by Him Who stopped the elephant.
Then he said,
وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَاا يَسۡأَلُونِّي خُطَّةً يُعَظِّمُونَ فِيهَا حُرُمَاتِ اللهِ تَعَالَى إِلاَّ أَعۡطَيۡتُهُمۡ إِيَّاهَا
By the Name of Him in Whose Hands is my soul, if they ask me anything which will respect the ordinances of Allah, the Exalted, I will grant it to them.
The Prophet then rebuked the she-camel and she got up. The Prophet changed his direction, until he dismounted at the farthest end of Al-Hudaybiyyah.
There was a pit containing a little water which the people used in small amounts, and after a short time the people exhausted all its water and complained of thirst to Allah's Messenger.
The Prophet took an arrow out of his quiver and ordered them to put the arrow in the pit. By Allah, the water started flowing and continued sprouting until all the people quenched their thirst and returned satisfied.
While they were still in that state, Budayl bin Warqa' Al-Khuza`i came with some people from his tribe, Khuza`ah. They were the advisers of Allah's Messenger who would keep no secret from him and were from the people of Tihamah. Budayl said,
`I left (the tribes of) Ka`b bin Lu'ay and `Amir bin Lu'ay residing at the abundant water of Al-Hudaybiyyah. They had milk camels with them, intending to wage war against you and prevent you from visiting the Ka`bah.'
Allah's Messenger said,
إِنَّا لَمۡ نَجِىءۡ لِقِتَالِ أَحَدٍ وَلكِنۡ جِيۡنَا مُعۡتَمِرِينَ وَإِنَّ قُرَيۡشًا قَدۡ نَهَكَتۡهُمُ الۡحَرۡبُ وَأَضَرَّتۡ بِهِمۡ فَإِنۡ شَاوُوا مَادَدۡتُهُمۡ مُدَّةً وَيُخَلُّوا بَيۡنِي وَبَيۡنَ النَّاسِ فَإِنۡ أَظۡهَرۡ فَإِنۡ شَاءُوا أَنۡ يَدۡخُلُوا فِيمَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ النَّاسُ فَعَلُوا وَإِلاَّ فَقَدۡ جَمُّوا وَإِنۡ هُمۡ أَبَوۡا فَوَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَاُقَاتِلَنَّهُمۡ عَلَى أَمۡرِي هذَا حَتۡى تَنۡفَرِدَ سَالِفَتِي أَوۡ لَيُنۡفِذَنَّ اللهُ أَمۡرَه
We have not come to fight anyone, but to perform Umrah. No doubt, war has weakened Quraysh and they have suffered great losses. So if they wish, I will conclude a truce with them, during which they should refrain from interfering between me and others. If I have victory over those infidels, Quraysh will have the option to embrace Islam as the other people do, if they wish. They will at least get strong enough to fight. But if they do not accept the truce, by Allah in Whose Hands my life is, I will fight with them defending my cause until I get killed, but (I am sure) Allah will definitely make His cause victorious.
Budayl said, `I will inform them of what you have said.'
So, he set off until he reached Quraysh and said, `We have come from that man whom we heard saying something which we will disclose to you, if you should like.'
Some of the fools among the Quraysh shouted that they were not in need of this information, but the wiser among them said, `Relate what you heard him saying.'
Budayl said, `I heard him saying such and such,' relating what the Prophet had told him.
Urwah bin Mas`ud stood up and said, `O people! Aren't you the sons?'
They said, `Yes.'
He added, `Am I not the father?'
They said, `Yes.'
He said, `Do you mistrust me?'
They said, `No.'
He said, `Don't you know that I invited the people of Ukaz for your help, and when they refused I brought my relatives and children and those who obeyed me?'
They said, `Yes.'
He said, `Well, this man has offered you a reasonable proposal, it is better for you to accept it and allow me to meet him.'
They said, `You may meet him.'
So, he went to the Prophet and started talking to him. The Prophet said the same to him as he had to Budayl bin Warqa.
Then Urwah said, `O Muhammad! Won't you feel any qualms by exterminating your relations? Have you ever heard of anyone among the Arabs annihilating his relatives before you? On the other hand, if the reverse should happen, by Allah, I do not see dignified people here, but people from various tribes who would run away leaving you alone.'
Hearing that, Abu Bakr verbally abused him and said, `Go suck Al-Lat's womb! Are you saying we would run and leave the Prophet alone?'
Urwah said, `Who is that man?'
They said, `He is Abu Bakr.'
Urwah said to Abu Bakr, `By Him in Whose Hands my life is, were it not for the favor which you did to me and which I did not compensate, I would rebuke you.'
Urwah kept on talking to the Prophet and seizing the Prophet's beard as he was talking, while Al-Mughirah bin Shu`bah was standing near the head of the Prophet, holding a sword and wearing a helmet. Whenever Urwah stretched his hand towards the beard of the Prophet, Al-Mughirah would hit his hand with the handle of the sword and say, `Remove your hand from the beard of Allah's Messenger.'
Urwah raised his head and asked, `Who is that?'
The people said, `He is Al-Mughirah bin Shu`bah.'
Urwah said, `O treacherous (one)! Am I not doing my best to prevent evil consequences of your treachery?'
Before embracing Islam, Al-Mughirah was in the company of some people. He killed them, took their property and came (to Al-Madinah) to embrace Islam. The Prophet said to him,
أَمَّا الاِۡسۡلَمُ فَأَقۡبَلُ وَأَمَّا الۡمَالُ فَلَسۡتُ مِنۡهُ فِي شَيۡء
As regards to your Islam, I accept it, but as for the property I do not take anything of it.
Urwah then started looking at the Companions of the Prophet. By Allah, whenever Allah's Messenger spat, the spittle would fall in the hand of one of them, who would rub it on his face and skin. If he ordered them, they would carry his orders immediately, if he performed ablution, they would struggle to take the remaining water, and when they spoke to him, they would lower their voices and would not look at his face constantly out of respect.
Urwah returned to his people and said,
`O people!
By Allah, I have been to the kings and to Caesar, Khosrau and An-Najashi. Yet, by Allah! I have never seen any of them respected by his courtiers, as much as, Muhammad is respected by his companions.
By Allah, if he spat, the spittle would fall into the hand of one of them and he would rub it on his face and skin. If he ordered them, they would carry out his order immediately, if he performed ablution, they would struggle to take the remaining water, and when they spoke, they would lower their voices and would not look at his face constantly out of respect. No doubt, he has presented to you a good reasonable offer, so please accept it.'
A man from the tribe of Bani Kinanah said, `Allow me to go to him,' and they allowed him. When he approached the Prophet and his Companions, Allah's Messenger said,
هذَا فُلَنٌ وَهُوَ مِنۡ قَوۡمٍ يُعَظِّمُونَ الۡبُدۡنَ فَابۡعَثُوهَا لَه
He is so-and-so who belongs to the tribe that respects the sacrificial camels. So, bring the sacrificial camels before him.
So, the sacrificial camels were brought before him and the people received him while they were reciting Talbiyah. When he ﷺ that scene, he said, `Glorified is Allah! It is not fair to prevent these people from visiting the Ka`bah.'
When he returned to his people, he said, `I ﷺ the sacrificial camels garlanded and marked. I do not think it is advisable to prevent them from visiting the Ka`bah.'
Another person called Mikraz bin Hafs stood up and sought their permission to go to Muhammad, and they allowed him, too. When he approached the Muslims, the Prophet said,
هَذَا مِكۡرَزٌ وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ فَاجِر
Here is Mikraz and he is a vicious man.
Mikraz started talking to the Prophet and as he was talking, Suhayl bin `Amr came.
Ma`mar said that Ayyub said to him that Ikrimah said,
When Suhayl bin `Amr came, the Prophet said,
قَدۡ سَهُلَ لَكُمۡ مِنۡ أَمۡرِكُم
Now the matter has become easy for you.
Ma`mar said that Az-Zuhri narrated,
When Suhayl bin `Amr came, he said to the Prophet, `Please conclude a peace treaty with us.'
So, the Prophet called Ali bin Abi Talib and said to him,
اكۡتُبۡ بِسۡمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحۡمنِ الرَّحِيم
Write:In the Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim.
Suhayl bin `Amr said, `As for Ar-Rahman, by Allah, I do not know what it means. So write:By Your Name, O Allah, as you used to write previously.'
The Muslims said, `By Allah, we will not write except:By the Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim.'
The Prophet said,
اكۡتُبۡ بِاسۡمِكَ اللۡهُم
Write:In Your Name O Allah.
Then he dictated,
هذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيۡهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله
This is a peace treaty, which Muhammad, Allah's Messenger has concluded.
Suhayl said, `By Allah, if we knew that you are Allah's Messenger, we would not prevent you from visiting the Ka`bah, and would not fight with you. So, write:Muhammad bin Abdullah.'
The Prophet said to him,
وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَرَسُولُ اللهِ وَإِنۡ كَذَّبۡتُمُونِي اكۡتُبۡ مُحَمَّدُ بۡنُ عَبۡدِالله
By Allah! I am the Messenger of Allah even if your people do not believe me. Write:Muhammad bin Abdullah.
Az-Zuhri continued,
The Prophet accepted all those things, since he had already said that he would accept everything they would demand if it respects the ordinance of Allah, the Exalted.
The Hadith continues,
The Prophet said to Suhayl,
عَلَى أَنۡ تُخَلُّوا بَيۡنَنَا وَبَيۡنَ الۡبَيۡتِ فَنَطُوفَ بِه
On the condition that you allow us to visit the House so that we may perform Tawaf around it.
Suhayl said, `By Allah, we will not, so as not to give the Arabs a chance to say that we have yielded to your pressure, but we will allow you next year.'
So, the Prophet had that written.
Then Suhayl said, `We also stipulate that you should return to us whoever comes to you from us, even if he embraced your religion.'
The Muslims protested, `Glorified be Allah! How can a person be returned to the idolators after he has become a Muslim?'
While they were in this state Abu Jandal bin Suhayl bin `Amr came from the valley of Makkah staggering with his chains and fell down among the Muslims.
Suhayl said, `O Muhammad! This is the very first term with which we make peace with you, that is, you shall return Abu Jandal to me.'
The Prophet said,
إِنَّا لَمۡ نَقۡضِ الۡكِتَابَ بَعۡد
The peace treaty has not been written yet.
Suhayl said, `Then by Allah, I will never conduct peace with you.'
The Prophet said,
فَأَجِزۡهُ لِي
(Release him to me), and Suhayl responded, `I will never allow you to keep him.'
The Prophet said,
بَلَى فَافۡعَل
(Yes, do).
He said, `I will not.'
Mikraz said, `We allow you (to keep him).'
Abu Jandal said, `O, Muslims! Will I be returned to the idolators although I have come as a Muslim? Don't you see how much I have suffered?'
Abu Jandal had been tortured severely for the cause of Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored.
Umar bin Al-Khattab said, `I went to the Prophet and said:Aren't you truly the Messenger of Allah?'
The Prophet said,
بَلَى
(Yes, indeed).
I said, `Isn't our cause just and the cause of the enemy unjust?'
He said,
بَلَى
(Yes).
I said, `Then why should we be humble in our religion?'
He said,
إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَلَسۡتُ أَعۡصِيهِ وَهُوَ نَاصِرِي
I am Allah's Messenger and I do not disobey Him, and He will make me victorious.
I said, `Didn't you tell us that we would go to the Ka`bah and perform Tawaf around it?'
He said,
بَلَى أَفَأَخۡبَرۡتُكَ أَنَّا نَأۡتِيهِ الۡعَامَ
Yes, but did I tell you that we would visit the Ka`bah this year?
I said, `No.'
He said,
فَإِنَّكَ اتِيهِ وَمُطَّوِّفٌ بِه
So you will visit it and perform Tawaf around it.
Umar further said,
`I went to Abu Bakr and said:O Abu Bakr! Isn't he truly Allah's Prophet?'
He replied, `Yes.'
I said, `Is not our cause just and the cause of our enemy unjust?'
He said, `Yes.'
I said, `Then why should we be humble in our religion?'
He said,
`O you man!
Indeed, he is Allah's Messenger and he does not disobey his Lord, and He will make him victorious. Adhere to him for, by Allah, he is on the right path.'
I said, `Was he not telling us that we would go to the Ka`bah and perform Tawaf around it?'
He said, `Yes, but did he tell you that you would go to the Ka`bah this year?'
I said, `No.'
He said, `You will go to the Ka`bah and perform Tawaf around it.'
Az-Zuhri said,
Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `I performed many good deeds as expiation for the improper questions I asked them.'
When the writing of the peace treaty was concluded, Allah's Messenger said to his Companions,
قُومُوا فَانۡحَرُوا ثُمَّ احۡلِقُوا
Get up and slaughter your sacrifices and have your heads shaved.
By Allah none of them got up, and the Prophet repeated his order thrice. When none of them got up, he left them and went to Umm Salamah and told her of the people's attitudes towards him. Umm Salamah said,
`O Prophet of Allah!
Do you want your order to be carried out Go out and don't say a word to anybody until you have slaughtered your sacrifice and call your barber to shave your head.'
The Messenger of Allah went out and did not talk to anyone until he did what she suggested, slaughtered the sacrifice and shaved his head.
Seeing that, the Companions got up, slaughtered their sacrifices, and started shaving the heads of one another. There was so much of a rush -- and sadness -- that there was a danger of killing each other. Then some believing women came and Allah the Exalted and most Honored revealed the following Ayat,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا إِذَا جَاءكُمُ الۡمُوۡمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامۡتَحِنُوهُنَّ
اللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمُوهُنَّ مُوۡمِنَاتٍ فَلَ تَرۡجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الۡكُفَّارِ
لَاا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمۡ وَلَاا هُمۡ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ
وَاتُوهُم مَّا أَنفَقُوا
وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا اتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ
وَلَا تُمۡسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الۡكَوَافِرِ
O you who believe! When believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them; Allah knows best as to their faith, then if you ascertain that they are true believers, send them not back to the disbelievers. They are not lawful for the disbelievers nor are the disbelievers lawful for them. But give them (disbelievers) that which they have spent (on their dowry). And there will be no sin on you to marry them if you have paid their due to them. Likewise do not keep the disbelieving women as wives (60:10)
Umar then divorced two of his wives, who were disbelievers. Later on Mu`awiyah bin Abu Sufyan married one of them, and Safwan bin Umayyah married the other.
When the Prophet returned to Al-Madinah, Abu Basir, a new Muslim convert from the Quraysh, came to him. The disbelievers sent two men in pursuit who said to the Prophet,
`Abide by the promise you gave us.'
So, the Prophet handed him over to them. They took him out (of Al-Madinah) until they reached Dhul-Hulayfah where they dismounted to eat some dates they had with them. Abu Basir said to one of them, `By Allah, O, so-and-so, I see you have a fine sword.'
The other drew it out (of its sheath) and said, `Yes, by Allah, it is very fine and I have tried it many times.'
Abu Basir said, `Let me have a look at it.'
When the other gave the sword to Abu Basir, he struck him with it until he died. His companion ran away until he reached Al-Madinah, entering the Masjid running.
When Allah's Messenger ﷺ him he said,
لَقَدۡ رَأَى هذَا ذُعۡرًا
(This man appears to have been frightened).
When he reached the Prophet he said, `My companion has been murdered, by Allah, and I would have been murdered too.'
Abu Basir came and said, `O Allah's Messenger, by Allah! Allah has made you fulfill your obligations by returning me to them, but Allah the Exalted has saved me from them.'
The Prophet said,
وَيۡلُ أُمِّهِ مِسۡعَرَ حَرۡبٍ لَوۡ كَانَ مَعَهُ أَحَد
Woe to his mother! What an excellent war kindler he would be, if he only have supporters.
When Abu Basir heard this from the Prophet, he understood that he would return him to the idolators again, so he set off until he reached the seashore. Abu Jandal bin Suhayl also got himself released from the disbelievers and joined Abu Basir.
Thereafter, whenever a man from Quraysh embraced Islam he would follow Abu Basir until they formed a strong group. By Allah, whenever they heard about a caravan of the Quraysh heading towards Ash-Sham (Greater Syria), they stopped it, attacked and killed the disbelievers and took their properties. The people of Quraysh sent a message to the Prophet requesting him for the sake of Allah and kith and kin to send for (Abu Basir and his companions) promising that whoever among them came to the Prophet, would be secure. So, the Prophet sent for them and Allah the Exalted and Most Honored revealed the following Ayat,
وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ عَنكُمۡ وَأَيۡدِيَكُمۡ عَنۡهُم بِبَطۡنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعۡدِ أَنۡ أَظۡفَرَكُمۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا
هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوكُمۡ عَنِ الۡمَسۡجِدِ الۡحَرَامِ وَالۡهَدۡيَ مَعۡكُوفًا أَن يَبۡلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ
وَلَوۡلَا رِجَالٌ مُّوۡمِنُونَ وَنِسَاء مُّوۡمِنَاتٌ لَّمۡ تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ أَن تَطَوُوهُمۡ فَتُصِيبَكُم مِّنۡهُم مَّعَرَّةٌ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ لِيُدۡخِلَ اللَّهُ فِي رَحۡمَتِهِ مَن يَشَاء لَوۡ تَزَيَّلُوا لَعَذَّبۡنَا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
إِذۡ جَعَلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الۡحَمِيَّةَ حَمِيَّةَ الۡجَاهِلِيَّةِ
And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them. And Allah sees what you do.
They are those who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masjid Al-Haram and detained the sacrificial animals, from reaching their place of sacrifice. Had there not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, that you may kill and on whose account a sin would have been committed by you without (your) knowledge, that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He wills -- if they had been apart, We verily, would have punished with painful torment those of them who disbelieved.
When those who disbelieve had put in their hearts pride and haughtiness -- the pride and haughtiness of the time of ignorance, -- (48:24-26)
Their pride and haughtiness was that they did not confess that Muhammad was the Prophet of Allah, refused to write, `In the Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim,' and prevented Muslims from visiting the Ka`bah.
This is the narration Al-Bukhari collected in the Book of Tafsir, `Umrat Al-Hudaybiyyah, Hajj, and so forth.
Allah is the Only One sought for help, all reliance is on Him alone and there is no might or strength except from Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise.
Al-Bukhari narrated in the Book of Tafsir that Habib bin Abi Thabit said that he went to Abu Wa'il asking him about something and he said,
We were at Siffin, when a man said, `Do you not see those who call to Allah's Book?'
Ali bin Abi Talib said, `Yes.'
Sahl bin Hunayf said, `Do not feel certain in the reliability of your own opinions! On the day of Hudaybiyyah, the day the treaty of peace was signed between the Prophet and idolators, had we found a chance to fight, we would have done so.'
Umar came (to the Prophet) and said, `Are we not on the true cause and theirs is the false cause? Are not our killed in Paradise and theirs in the Fire?'
He said, `Yes.'
Umar said, `Why then should we be humble with regards to the cause of our religion? Why should we go back before Allah decides in the matter between us (between Muslims and the idolators)?'
The Prophet said,
يَا ابۡنَ الۡخَطَّابِ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَلَنۡ يُضَيِّعَنِي اللهُ أَبَدًا
O son of Al-Khattab!
I am Allah's Messenger and He will never abandon me.
Umar left while feeling angry and soon went to Abu Bakr and said,
`O Abu Bakr!
Are we not on the true cause and they are on falsehood?'
Abu Bakr said,
`O son of Al-Khattab! He is Allah's Messenger and Allah will never abandon him.'
Surah Al-Fath was later revealed.'
Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith in several other parts of his Sahih, and so did Muslim and An-Nasa'i using various chains of narration from Abu Wa'il, Sufyan bin Salamah, from Sahl bin Hunayf.
Some of these narrations read,
O people! Accuse sheer opinion (of being imperfect)! On the day Abu Jandal came, I ﷺ myself willing to reject the command of Allah's Messenger, had I had the chance.
In yet another narration,
Surah Al-Fath was revealed and the Messenger of Allah called Umar bin Al-Khattab and recited it to him.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said,
Quraysh resorted to peace with the Prophet. Suhayl bin `Amr was among the idolators then. The Prophet said to Ali,
اكۡتُبۡ بِسۡمِ اللهِ الرَّحۡمنِ الرَّحِيم
Write:In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Suhayl said, `We do not know the meaning of:In the Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim. However, write what we do know:In Your Name, O Allah!'
The Messenger said,
اكۡتُبۡ مِنۡ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ الله
Write:From Muhammad, Allah's Messenger,
and Suhayl said, `If we knew that you are Allah's Messenger, we would have followed you. However, write your name and the name of your father.'
The Prophet said,
اكۡتُبۡ مِنۡ مُحَمَّدِ بۡنِ عَبۡدِالله
Write:From Muhammad son of Abdullah.
They set the terms with the Prophet that,
`If anyone comes from your side to us, we will not send him back to you. If anyone from among us came to you, you send him back to us.'
Ali said, `O Allah's Messenger! Should I write this,' and the Prophet said,
نَعَمۡ إِنَّهُ مَنۡ ذَهَبَ مِنَّا إِلَيۡهِمۡ فَأَبۡعَدَهُ الله
Yes. Surely, those who revert from our side and go to them, then may Allah cast them away.
Muslim also collected this Hadith.
Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Abbas said,
When Al-Haruriyyah rebelled, they set a separate camp for their group. I said to them, `On the day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, the Messenger of Allah agreed to conduct peace with the idolators. He said to Ali,
اكۡتُبۡ يَا عَلِيُّ هذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيۡهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله
Write, O `Ali:These are the terms agreed to by Muhammad, Allah's Messenger.'
The idolators said, `If we knew that you are Allah's Messenger, we would not have fought you.'
Allah's Messenger said,
امۡحُ يَا عَلِيُّ
اللۡهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَعۡلَمُ أَنِّي رَسُولُكَ
امۡحُ يَا عَلِيُّ وَاكۡتُبۡ هذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيۡهِ مُحَمَّدُ بۡنُ عَبۡدِالله
O Ali! Erase it.
O Allah! You know that I am Your Messenger.
O Ali! Erase it and write instead:
These are the peace terms agreed to by Muhammad bin Abdullah.
By Allah, Allah's Messenger is better than Ali, and the Messenger erased his title. However, erasing his title did not mean that he was erased from being a Prophet. Have I given you sufficient proof in this?'
They said, `Yes.'
Abu Dawud also collected a similar narration.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Abbas said,
On the day of Hudaybiyyah, the Messenger of Allah slaughtered seventy sacrificial camels, including a camel that belonged to Abu Jahl. When the camel was prevented from coming to the House, she cried just as she would cry when seeing her offspring.
Allah has indeed fulfilled the True Vision which He showed to His Prophet
In a dream, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ himself entering Makkah and performing Tawaf around the House. He told his Companions about this dream when he was still in Al-Madinah. When they went to Makkah in the year of Al-Hudaybiyyah, none of them doubted that the Prophet's vision would come true that year. When the treaty of peace was conducted and they had to return to Al-Madinah that year, being allowed to return to Makkah the next year, some of the Companions disliked what happened. Umar bin Al-Khattab asked about this, saying, Haven't you told us that we will go to the House and perform Tawaf around it? The Prophet said,
بَلَى أَفَأَخۡبَرۡتُكَ أَنَّكَ تَأۡتِيهِ عَامَكَ هذَا
Yes. Have I told you that you will go to it this year?
Umar said, No.
The Prophet said,
فَإِنَّكَ اتِيهِ وَمُطَّوِّفٌ بِه
Then you will go to it and perform Tawaf around it.
Umar received the same answer from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, letter for letter. This is why Allah the Exalted and Most honored said,
لَقَدۡ صَدَقَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ الرُّوۡيَا بِالۡحَقِّ لَتَدۡخُلُنَّ الۡمَسۡجِدَ الۡحَرَامَ إِن شَاء اللَّهُ
Indeed Allah shall fulfill the true vision which He showed to His Messenger in very truth. Certainly, you shall enter Al-Masjid Al-Haram, if Allah wills, (and He willed that this matter shall certainly occur),
امِنِينَ
secure, (means, `upon your entering),'
مُحَلِّقِينَ رُوُوسَكُمۡ وَمُقَصِّرِينَ
(some) having your heads shaved, and (some) having your hair cut short,
i.e. and some of them indeed had their head hair shaved, while some of them had their head hair shortened.
The Two Sahihs recorded that the Messenger of Allah said,
رَحِمَ اللهُ الۡمُحَلِّقِين
O Allah! Be merciful to those who have their head shaved.
The people said, O Allah's Messenger! And (invoke Allah for) those who get their hair cut short.
He said,
رَحِمَ اللهُ الۡمُحَلِّقِين
O Allah! Be merciful to those who have their head shaved.
The people said, O Allah's Messenger! And those who get their hair cut short.
The Prophet said,
رَحِمَ اللهُ الۡمُحَلِّقِين
O Allah! Be merciful to those who have their head shaved.
The people said, O Allah's Messenger! And those who get their hair cut short.
The Prophet said (the third or the fourth time),
وَالۡمُقَصِّرِين
And to those who get their hair cut short.
Allah said,
لَاا تَخَافُونَ
having no fear,
indicating that they will be safe and will have no fear when they enter Makkah. This occurred in the Umrah performed the following year, on the seventh year of Hijrah during the month of Dhul-Qa`dah.
When the Messenger left from Al-Hudaybiyyah, during the month of Dhul-Qa`dah (the sixth year of Hijrah), he went back to Al-Madinah. He remained in Al-Madinah during the months of Dhul-Hijjah and Al-Muharram. In Safar, he marched forth to Khyber, and Allah opened that city for him, partly by force and partly by its people surrendering to him. Khyber was a wealthy province that had abundant date trees and vegetation. The Prophet hired the (defeated) Jews of Khyber to attend to a part of its green fields and divided the province among those who attended Al-Hudaybiyyah with him. No one else except those Companions took part in attacking Khyber, except Jafar bin Abi Talib, who came back with his companions from Ethiopia. Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari and his people also attended that battle. None of them were absent except Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah, according to Ibn Zayd. This fact is well recorded in (the Books of) history.
The Prophet then returned to Al-Madinah. When the month of Dhul-Qa`dah came, the seventh year of Hijrah, the Prophet went to Makkah for Umrah accompanied by those who were with him at Al-Hudaybiyyah. He resumed Ihram from Dhul-Hulayfah and took the sacrificial animals with him. It was said that the sacrificial animals were sixty. The Prophet and his Companions started reciting the Talbiyah aloud. When they came close to Marr Az-Zahran, he sent Muhammad bin Maslamah before him with the horses and weapons. When the idolators ﷺ this advance regiment, they were overwhelmed with fear. They thought that the Messenger of Allah would attack them and that he had betrayed the treaty that he conducted with them, which stipulated cessation of hostilities for ten years. The idolators went quickly to Makkah to inform its people. When the Prophet made camp in the area of Marr Az-Zahran, where he was close enough to see the idols that were erected all around the Haram, he sent the weaponry, arrows, arrow cases and spears, to the valley of Ya`jaj. He next went on his way towards Makkah with the swords resting in their sheaths, just as he agreed to in the peace treaty. While the Prophet was still on the way to Makkah, the Quraysh sent Mikraz bin Hafs who said, O Muhammad! We never knew you to be one who betrays his promises.
The Prophet said,
وَمَا ذَاك
Why do you say that?
Mikraz said, You are headed towards us with the weaponry, the arrows and the spears.
The Prophet said,
لَمۡ يَكُنۡ ذلِكَ وَقَدۡ بَعَثۡنَا بِهِ إِلَى يَأۡجَج
I did not do that, I sent all that to the valley of Ya`jaj.
Mikraz said, This is the way we knew you to be, trustworthy and keeping to your promises.
The leaders of the disbelievers left Makkah so that they would not have to look at the Messenger of Allah and his Companions, out of rage and anger. As for the rest of the people of Makkah, men, women and children, they sat on the pathways and house roofs watching the Messenger of Allah and his Companions.
The Messenger entered Makkah with his Companions while reciting the Talbiyah. The Prophet sent the sacrificial animals to Dhu Tuwa while riding his camel, Al-Qaswa', the same camel he was riding on the day of Hudaybiyyah. Abdullah bin Rawahah, from Al-Ansar, was holding the bridle of the Prophet's camel and repeating this poem,
In the Name of He, other than Whose religion there is no true religion, In the Name of He, Whom Muhammad is His Messenger, O children of the disbelievers, stay out of his way, For today, we shall impose on you the fulfillment of its interpretation, Just as we fought with you to accept its revelation, Severe fighting that removes the heads from where they rest, And overwhelms the companion from attending to his companion, Ar-Rahman has sent down in His revelation, In pages that are being recited before His Messenger, That the best death is that which occurs in His cause, So, O Lord, I believe in its statements.
This story is collected from various narrations.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Abbas said,
When Allah's Messenger and his Companions came to Makkah, the fever of Yathrib (Al-Madinah) had weakened and bothered them. The idolators circulated the news that a group of people were coming to them and that they had been weakened and bothered by the fever of Yathrib (Al-Madinah). The idolators sat in the area close to Al-Hijr. Allah conveyed to His Prophet what the idolators said, so he ordered his Companions to do Ramal in the first three rounds, so that the idolaters witness their strength.
The Companions did Ramal the first three rounds. He also ordered them to walk normally between the two corners, for from there the idolators would not be able to see them.
The Prophet did not order them to do Ramal in all the rounds of Tawaf out of pity for them. The idolators commented,
`Are these the people whom you claimed were weakened by the fever? They are stronger than so-and-so!'
The Two Sahihs also recorded this Hadith.
In another narration,
Allah's Messenger and his Companions came (to Makkah) on the morning of the fourth day of Dhul-Qa`dah. The idolators circulated the news that a group of people was coming to them, who had been weakened by the fever of Yathrib (Al-Madinah). So, the Prophet ordered his Companions to do Ramal in the first three rounds of Tawaf. The Prophet did not order them to do Ramal in all the rounds of Tawaf out of pity for them.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said,
In the year when the Prophet came as stipulated by the peace treaty, he said, `Perform Ramal.' So that the idolators may witness their strength. At that time, the idolators were watching from the area of Qu`ayqi`an.
Ibn Abbas said,
Allah's Messenger performed Tawaf of the Ka`bah and the Sa`y at As-Safa and Al-Marwah to show his strength to the idolators.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abdullah bin Umar said,
Allah's Messenger set out for Umrah, but the Quraysh idolators prevented him from reaching the Ka`bah. So, he slaughtered his sacrifice, got his head shaved at Al-Hudaybiyyah, agreed to a formal pact with them that he would perform Umrah the following year, would not carry weapons against them, except swords and would not stay in Makkah, except for the period they allowed.
The Prophet performed the Umrah in the following year and entered Makkah according to the treaty. And when he stayed for three days, the idolators ordered him to depart, and he departed.
Allah's statement,
فَعَلِمَ مَا لَمۡ تَعۡلَمُوا فَجَعَلَ مِن دُونِ ذَلِكَ فَتۡحًا قَرِيبًا
He knew what you knew not, and He granted besides that a near victory.
means, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored knew the benefit and goodness of turning you away from Makkah and preventing you from entering it in the year of Al-Hudaybiyyah, He knew that which you had no knowledge of,
فَجَعَلَ مِن دُونِ ذَلِكَ
(and He granted besides that) `before entering Makkah as you were promised in the vision that the Prophet saw, He granted a close victory, i.e. the treaty of peace that you conducted between you and your idolator enemies.'
The Good News that Muslims will conquer the Known World, and ultimately the Entire World
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, while delivering the glad tidings to the believers that the Messenger will triumph over his enemies and the rest of the people of the earth
هُوَ الَّذِي أَرۡسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالۡهُدَى وَدِينِ الۡحَقِّ
He it is Who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth,
with beneficial knowledge and righteous good deeds.
Indeed, the Islamic Shari`ah has two factors, knowledge and deeds. The true religious knowledge is by definition true, and the accepted Islamic acts are by definition accepted. Therefore, the news and creed that this religion conveys are true and its commandments are just,
لِيُظۡهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ
that He may make it superior to all religions.
i.e. all the religions of the people of the earth, Arabs and non-Arabs alike, whether having certain ideologies or being atheists or idolators.
وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا
And All-Sufficient is Allah as a Witness.
that Muhammad is His Messenger and that He will grant him victory. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored has the best knowledge.
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