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Ayah

Word by Word
هُمُ
They
ٱلَّذِينَ
(are) those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
وَصَدُّوكُمۡ
and hindered you
عَنِ
from
ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ
Al-Masjid
ٱلۡحَرَامِ
Al-Haraam
وَٱلۡهَدۡيَ
while the offering
مَعۡكُوفًا
(was) prevented
أَن
from
يَبۡلُغَ
reaching
مَحِلَّهُۥۚ
its place (of sacrifice)
وَلَوۡلَا
And if not
رِجَالٞ
(for) men
مُّؤۡمِنُونَ
believing
وَنِسَآءٞ
and women
مُّؤۡمِنَٰتٞ
believing
لَّمۡ
not
تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ
you knew them
أَن
that
تَطَـُٔوهُمۡ
you may trample them
فَتُصِيبَكُم
and would befall you
مِّنۡهُم
from them
مَّعَرَّةُۢ
any harm
بِغَيۡرِ
without
عِلۡمٖۖ
knowledge
لِّيُدۡخِلَ
That Allah may admit
ٱللَّهُ
That Allah may admit
فِي
to
رَحۡمَتِهِۦ
His Mercy
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُۚ
He wills
لَوۡ
If
تَزَيَّلُواْ
they had been apart
لَعَذَّبۡنَا
surely, We would have punished
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
مِنۡهُمۡ
among them
عَذَابًا
(with) a punishment
أَلِيمًا
painful
هُمُ
They
ٱلَّذِينَ
(are) those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
وَصَدُّوكُمۡ
and hindered you
عَنِ
from
ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ
Al-Masjid
ٱلۡحَرَامِ
Al-Haraam
وَٱلۡهَدۡيَ
while the offering
مَعۡكُوفًا
(was) prevented
أَن
from
يَبۡلُغَ
reaching
مَحِلَّهُۥۚ
its place (of sacrifice)
وَلَوۡلَا
And if not
رِجَالٞ
(for) men
مُّؤۡمِنُونَ
believing
وَنِسَآءٞ
and women
مُّؤۡمِنَٰتٞ
believing
لَّمۡ
not
تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ
you knew them
أَن
that
تَطَـُٔوهُمۡ
you may trample them
فَتُصِيبَكُم
and would befall you
مِّنۡهُم
from them
مَّعَرَّةُۢ
any harm
بِغَيۡرِ
without
عِلۡمٖۖ
knowledge
لِّيُدۡخِلَ
That Allah may admit
ٱللَّهُ
That Allah may admit
فِي
to
رَحۡمَتِهِۦ
His Mercy
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُۚ
He wills
لَوۡ
If
تَزَيَّلُواْ
they had been apart
لَعَذَّبۡنَا
surely, We would have punished
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
مِنۡهُمۡ
among them
عَذَابًا
(with) a punishment
أَلِيمًا
painful

Translation

They are the ones who disbelieved and obstructed you from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām while the offering1 was prevented from reaching its place of sacrifice. And if not for believing men and believing women whom you did not know - that you might trample [i.e., kill] them and there would befall you because of them dishonor without [your] knowledge - [you would have been permitted to enter Makkah]. [This was so] that Allāh might admit to His mercy whom He willed. If they had been apart [from them], We would have punished those who disbelieved among them with painful punishment
Footnotes
1 - i.e., seventy camels intended for sacrifice and feeding of the poor.

Tafsir

They are the ones who disbelieved and barred you from the Sacred Mosque, that is, [barred you] from reaching it, and [prevented] the offering (wa'l-hadya is a supplement to the [suffixed pronoun] -kum, 'you' [of saddookum, 'they barred you']), which was detained (ma'koofan is a circumstantial qualifier), from reaching its destination, that is, [from] the place at which it is customarily sacrificed, namely, the Sanctuary [itself] (an yablugha mahillahu, is an inclusive substitution). And were it not for [some of] the believing men and believing women, being present at Mecca alongside the disbelievers, whom you did not know, to be believers - lest you should trample them, that is to say, [lest] you should slay them together with the disbelievers, had you been given permission to embark on the conquest (an tata'oohum is an inclusive substitution for -hum, 'them' [of lam ta'lamoohum, 'whom you did not know']), and thus incur sin on account of them without, your, knowing, it . (the third person pronouns in both groups [of people] predominantly imply males; the response to lawlaa, 'were it not', has been omitted [through ellipsis], being [something along the lines of] la-udhina lakum fee'l-fathi, 'you would have been permitted to embark on the conquest'), but permission for this was not given at the time, so that God may admit into His mercy whom He will, such as those believers mentioned. Had they been clearly separated, [had] they [the believers] been distinguishable from the disbelievers, We would have surely chastised the disbelievers among them, of the people of Mecca [immediately] thereat, by permitting you to go ahead with the conquest thereof, with a painful chastisement.

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