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Ayah

Word by Word
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يُبَايِعُونَكَ
pledge allegiance to you
إِنَّمَا
only
يُبَايِعُونَ
they pledge allegiance
ٱللَّهَ
(to) Allah
يَدُ
(The) Hand
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
فَوۡقَ
(is) over
أَيۡدِيهِمۡۚ
their hands
فَمَن
Then whoever
نَّكَثَ
breaks (his oath)
فَإِنَّمَا
then only
يَنكُثُ
he breaks
عَلَىٰ
against
نَفۡسِهِۦۖ
himself
وَمَنۡ
and whoever
أَوۡفَىٰ
fulfils
بِمَا
what
عَٰهَدَ
he has covenanted
عَلَيۡهُ
(with)
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
فَسَيُؤۡتِيهِ
soon He will give him
أَجۡرًا
a reward
عَظِيمٗا
great
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يُبَايِعُونَكَ
pledge allegiance to you
إِنَّمَا
only
يُبَايِعُونَ
they pledge allegiance
ٱللَّهَ
(to) Allah
يَدُ
(The) Hand
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
فَوۡقَ
(is) over
أَيۡدِيهِمۡۚ
their hands
فَمَن
Then whoever
نَّكَثَ
breaks (his oath)
فَإِنَّمَا
then only
يَنكُثُ
he breaks
عَلَىٰ
against
نَفۡسِهِۦۖ
himself
وَمَنۡ
and whoever
أَوۡفَىٰ
fulfils
بِمَا
what
عَٰهَدَ
he has covenanted
عَلَيۡهُ
(with)
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
فَسَيُؤۡتِيهِ
soon He will give him
أَجۡرًا
a reward
عَظِيمٗا
great

Translation

Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you, [O Muḥammad] - they are actually pledging allegiance to Allāh. The hand1 of Allāh is over their hands.2 So he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allāh - He will give him a great reward.
Footnotes
1 See footnote to 2:19.
2 Meaning that He (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) accepted their pledge.

Tafsir

Truly those who pledge allegiance to you, the 'Pledge of Beatitude' (bay'at al-ridwaan) given at al- Hudaybiyya, in fact pledge allegiance to God - this [statement] is akin to: Whoever obeys the Messenger, verily obeys God [Q. 4:80]. The Hand of God is above their hands, [the hands] with which they pledged allegiance to the Prophet, in other words, God, exalted be He, has observed their pledge of allegiance and will requite them in accordance with [their adherence to] it. So whoever reneges, [whoever] breaches the pledge, reneges - [that is] the evil consequences of his breach will eventually be - against his own soul; and whoever fulfils the covenant which he has made with God, He will give him (fa-sa-yu'teehi; or read fa-sanu'teehi, 'We will give him') a great reward.

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