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Ayah
Word by Word
هَٰٓأَنتُمۡ
Here you are
هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
these
تُدۡعَوۡنَ
called
لِتُنفِقُواْ
to spend
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
فَمِنكُم
but among you
مَّن
(are some) who
يَبۡخَلُۖ
withhold
وَمَن
and whoever
يَبۡخَلۡ
withholds
فَإِنَّمَا
then only
يَبۡخَلُ
he withholds
عَن
from
نَّفۡسِهِۦۚ
himself
وَٱللَّهُ
But Allah
ٱلۡغَنِيُّ
(is) Free of need
وَأَنتُمُ
while you
ٱلۡفُقَرَآءُۚ
(are) the needy
وَإِن
And if
تَتَوَلَّوۡاْ
you turn away
يَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ
He will replace you
قَوۡمًا
(with) a people
غَيۡرَكُمۡ
other than you
ثُمَّ
then
لَا
not
يَكُونُوٓاْ
they will be
أَمۡثَٰلَكُم
(the) likes of you
هَٰٓأَنتُمۡ
Here you are
هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
these
تُدۡعَوۡنَ
called
لِتُنفِقُواْ
to spend
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
فَمِنكُم
but among you
مَّن
(are some) who
يَبۡخَلُۖ
withhold
وَمَن
and whoever
يَبۡخَلۡ
withholds
فَإِنَّمَا
then only
يَبۡخَلُ
he withholds
عَن
from
نَّفۡسِهِۦۚ
himself
وَٱللَّهُ
But Allah
ٱلۡغَنِيُّ
(is) Free of need
وَأَنتُمُ
while you
ٱلۡفُقَرَآءُۚ
(are) the needy
وَإِن
And if
تَتَوَلَّوۡاْ
you turn away
يَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ
He will replace you
قَوۡمًا
(with) a people
غَيۡرَكُمۡ
other than you
ثُمَّ
then
لَا
not
يَكُونُوٓاْ
they will be
أَمۡثَٰلَكُم
(the) likes of you
Translation
Behold, ye are those invited to spend (of your substance) in the Way of Allah: But among you are some that are niggardly. But any who are niggardly are so at the expense of their own souls. But Allah is free of all wants, and it is ye that are needy. If ye turn back (from the Path), He will substitute in your stead another people; then they would not be like you!
Tafsir
Lo! there you are, O, those who are being called to expend in the way of God, that which has been prescribed for you; yet among you there are those who are niggardly; and whoever is niggardly is niggardly only to his own soul (one may say bakhila 'alayhi or [bakhila] 'anhu [to mean, 'he was niggardly to someone']). For God is the Independent One, [without need] of your expending; while you are the needy, of Him. And if you turn away, from obedience to Him, He will replace you with another people, that is to say, He will bring them in your place, and they will not be the likes of you, in turning away from obedience to Him, but [they will be] obedient to Him, Mighty and Majestic [is He].
Showing the Triviality of the Worldly Life and encouraging Spending
Expressing the insignificance and worthlessness of the worldly life, Allah says,
إِنَّمَا الحَيَاةُ الدُّنۡيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهۡوٌ
This worldly life is only amusement and diversion.
which means that such is its outcome, except for that which is done for the sake of Allah.
Because of this, Allah says,
وَإِن تُوۡمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا يُوۡتِكُمۡ أُجُورَكُمۡ وَلَاإ يَسۡأَلۡكُمۡ أَمۡوَالَكُمۡ
And if you believe and have Taqwa of Allah, He will grant you your rewards, and will not ask from you (to sacrifice all of) your possessions.
meaning, He is in no need of you, and asks you for nothing. He only ordained giving charity from your wealth so that you would help your needy brothers. The benefit of that would then come back to you, as well as the rewards.
Allah then says
إِن يَسۡأَلۡكُمُوهَا فَيُحۡفِكُمۡ تَبۡخَلُوا
If He would demand of you all of it and urge you, you would withhold.
meaning, if He pressures you much, you would become stingy.
وَيُخۡرِجۡ أَضۡغَانَكُمۡ
And He will expose your (secret) ill-wills.
Qatadah said,
Allah knows that extracting wealth (i.e., money from people) brings about ill-wills.
Indeed, Qatadah has said the truth, because money is dear to the people, and they do not spend it except in things that are dearer to them than it.
Allah then says
هَاأَنتُمۡ هَوُلَااء تُدۡعَوۡنَ لِتُنفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
فَمِنكُم مَّن
Here you are now invited to spend in Allah's cause; but among you are those who withhold (stingily).
meaning, they refuse to spend.
Allah continues,
يَبۡخَلُ وَمَن يَبۡخَلۡ فَإِنَّمَا يَبۡخَلُ عَن نَّفۡسِهِ
And whoever acts stingily is but stingy toward himself.
meaning, he only reduces his own rewards, and the bad outcome of that will come back to him.
وَاللَّهُ الۡغَنِيُّ
For Allah is indeed Al-Ghani,
Allah is in need of nothing else, whereas everything is ever in need of Him.
Thus, Allah says,
وَأَنتُمُ الۡفُقَرَاء
while you are the needy.
meaning, specifically of Him.
The description of Allah as Al-Ghani (in no need) is a necessary description of Allah; on the other hand, the description of the creation as Faqr (needy) is a necessary description for them that they cannot avoid.
Allah then says,
وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوۡا
And if you turn away,
which means, if you turn away from obeying Him and adhering to His Laws.
يَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ قَوۡمًا غَيۡرَكُمۡ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمۡثَالَكُمۡ
He will replace you with other people; then they will not be like you.
meaning, rather, they will be people who will listen to Him and obey His commands.
This concludes the Tafsir of Surah Muhammad. And Allah is worthy of all praise and gratitude.
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