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Ayah
Word by Word
كِتَٰبٞ
A Book
فُصِّلَتۡ
are detailed
ءَايَٰتُهُۥ
its Verses
قُرۡءَانًا
a Quran
عَرَبِيّٗا
(in) Arabic
لِّقَوۡمٖ
for a people
يَعۡلَمُونَ
who know
كِتَٰبٞ
A Book
فُصِّلَتۡ
are detailed
ءَايَٰتُهُۥ
its Verses
قُرۡءَانًا
a Quran
عَرَبِيّٗا
(in) Arabic
لِّقَوۡمٖ
for a people
يَعۡلَمُونَ
who know
Translation
A Book, whereof the verses are explained in detail;- a Qur'an in Arabic, for people who understand;-
Tafsir
A Book (kitaabun, the predicate thereof) whose signs have been set out in detail, [whose signs have been] expounded through [various] rulings, stories and admonitions, as an Arabic Qur'aan (qur'aanan 'arabiyyan, a circumstantial qualifier referring to kitaabun, 'a Book', by qualifying it adjectivally) for a people (li-qawmin is semantically connected to fussilat, 'set out in detail') who have knowledge, [who] understand this [fact] - and they are the Arabs;
Tafsir of Surah Fussilat
Description of the Qur'an, and what Those Who turn away from it say.
Allah says,
حم
تَنزِيلٌ مِّنَ الرَّحۡمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Ha Mim.
A revelation from the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
means, the Qur'an is revealed from the Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
This is like the Ayat:
قُلۡ نَزَّلَهُ رُوحُ الۡقُدُسِ مِن رَّبِّكَ بِالۡحَقِّ
Say Ruh Al-Qudus (Jibril) has brought it down from your Lord with truth. (16:102)
وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنزِيلُ رَبِّ الۡعَـلَمِينَ
نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الاٌّمِينُ
عَلَى قَلۡبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الۡمُنۡذِرِينَ
And truly, this is a revelation from the Lord of all that exists, Which the trustworthy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down upon your heart that you may be (one) of the warners. (26:192-194
كِتَابٌ فُصِّلَتۡ ايَاتُهُ
A Book whereof the Ayat are explained in detail,
means, its meanings are clear and its rulings are sound and wise.
قُرۡانًا عَرَبِيًّا
a Qur'an in Arabic,
means, because it is a clear Arabic Qur'an, its meanings are precise and detailed and its words are clear and not confusing.
This is like the Ayah:
كِتَابٌ أُحۡكِمَتۡ ءايَـتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتۡ مِن لَّدُنۡ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ
(This is) a Book, the Ayat whereof are completed, and then explained in detail from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise Well-Acquainted. (11:1)
meaning, it is miraculous in its wording and in its meanings.
لااَّ يَأۡتِيهِ الۡبَـطِلُ مِن بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِ تَنزِيلٌ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ
Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it, (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise. (41:42)
لِّقَوۡمٍ يَعۡلَمُونَ
for people who know.
means, this clear style will be readily understood by scholars who are thoroughly versed in knowledge
بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا
Giving glad tidings and warning,
means, sometimes it brings glad tidings to the believers, and sometimes it brings a warning to the disbelievers.
فَأَعۡرَضَ أَكۡثَرُهُمۡ فَهُمۡ لَاأ يَسۡمَعُونَ
but most of them turn away, so they hear not.
means, most of the Quraysh did not understand anything of it at all, despite the fact that it was so clear
وَقَالُوا قُلُوبُنَا فِي أَكِنَّةٍ
And they say:Our hearts are under coverings...
meaning, they are wrapped and screened,
مِّمَّا تَدۡعُونَا إِلَيۡهِ
وَفِي اذَانِنَا وَقۡرٌ
from that to which you invite us; and in our ears is deafness,
means, `we are deaf to the message you bring to us.'
وَمِن بَيۡنِنَا وَبَيۡنِكَ حِجَابٌ
and between us and you is a screen,
`so nothing of what you say reaches us.'
فَاعۡمَلۡ إِنَّنَا عَامِلُونَ
so work you (on your way); verily, we are working.
means, go your way, and we will go our way, and we will not follow you
The Call to Tawhid
Allah says,
قُلۡ
Say, (O Muhammad, to these disbelievers and idolators),
إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثۡلُكُمۡ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمۡ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ
I am only a human being like you. It is revealed to me that your God is One God,
`not like these idols and false gods which you worship. Allah is one God,'
فَاسۡتَقِيمُوا إِلَيۡهِ
therefore take straight path to Him,
means, `worship Him Alone sincerely, in accordance with what He has commanded you through His Messengers.'
وَاسۡتَغۡفِرُوهُ
and seek forgiveness of Him,
means, `for your past sins.'
وَوَيۡلٌ لِّلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ
And woe to the polytheists.
means, doom and destruction is their lot
الَّذِينَ لَا يُوۡتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ
Those who give not the Zakah,
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas that;
this means those who do not bear witness that there is no God except Allah.
This was also the view of Ikrimah.
This is like the Ayat:
قَدۡ أَفۡلَحَ مَن زَكَّـهَا
وَقَدۡ خَابَ مَن دَسَّـهَا
Indeed he succeeds who purifies himself. And indeed he fails who corrupts himself. (91:9-10)
And;
قَدۡ أَفۡلَحَ مَن تَزَكَّى
وَذَكَرَ اسۡمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى
Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success. And remembers (glorifies) the Name of his Lord, and prays. (87:14-15)
And;
فَقُلۡ هَل لَّكَ إِلَى أَن تَزَكَّى
And say to him:Would you purify yourself? (79:18)
What is meant by Zakah here is purification of the soul, ridding oneself of all bad qualities, the worst of which is Shirk. The Zakah paid on one's wealth is so called because it purifies wealth, and it is a means of increasing it, blessing it and making it more beneficial, and a means of assisting one to use it in doing good deeds.
Qatadah said, They withheld the Zakah of their wealth.
This is the apparent meaning according to many of the scholars of Tafsir, and this is the view favored by Ibn Jarir.
But the matter is subject to further examination, because the obligation of Zakah was instituted during the second year after the Hijrah to Al-Madinah, according to what is stated by several scholars. Yet this Ayah was revealed in Makkah. However, it is not unlikely that the principle of giving charity and Zakah was already in place and had been enjoined at the beginning of the Prophet's mission, as Allah says:
وَءَاتُواۡ حَقَّهُ يَوۡمَ حَصَادِهِ
but pay the due thereof on the day of their harvest, (6:141)
As for the details of Zakah and how it is to be calculated according to the Nusub, were explained in Al-Madinah. This is how we may reconcile between the two opinions. Similarly, prayer was originally enjoined before sunrise and before sunset at the beginning of the Prophet's mission; it was only on the Night of the Isra', a year and a half before the Hijrah, that Allah enjoined upon His Messenger the five daily prayers. The conditions and essential elements of prayer were explained later, in stages. And Allah knows best.
وَهُم بِالاۡخِرَةِ هُمۡ كَافِرُونَ
and they are disbelievers in the Hereafter.
Then Allah says:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرٌ غَيۡرُ مَمۡنُونٍ
Truly, those who believe and do righteous good deeds, for them will be an endless reward that will never stop.
Mujahid and others said,
It will never be cut off or decrease.
This is like the Ayat:
مَّاكِثِينَ فِيهِ أَبَدًا
They shall abide therein for ever. (18:3)
عَطَأءً غَيۡرَ مَجۡذُوذٍ
a gift without an end. (11:108)
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