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Ayah

Word by Word
إِلَّا
Except
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يَصِلُونَ
join
إِلَىٰ
[to]
قَوۡمِ
a group
بَيۡنَكُمۡ
between you
وَبَيۡنَهُم
and between them
مِّيثَٰقٌ
(is) a treaty
أَوۡ
or
جَآءُوكُمۡ
those who come to you
حَصِرَتۡ
restraining
صُدُورُهُمۡ
their hearts
أَن
that
يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ
they fight you
أَوۡ
or
يُقَٰتِلُواْ
they fight
قَوۡمَهُمۡۚ
their people
وَلَوۡ
And if
شَآءَ
(had) willed
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لَسَلَّطَهُمۡ
surely He (would have) given them power
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
over you
فَلَقَٰتَلُوكُمۡۚ
and surely they (would have) fought you
فَإِنِ
So if
ٱعۡتَزَلُوكُمۡ
they withdraw from you
فَلَمۡ
and (do) not
يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ
fight against you
وَأَلۡقَوۡاْ
and offer
إِلَيۡكُمُ
to you
ٱلسَّلَمَ
[the] peace
فَمَا
then not
جَعَلَ
(has) made
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لَكُمۡ
for you
عَلَيۡهِمۡ
against them
سَبِيلٗا
a way
إِلَّا
Except
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يَصِلُونَ
join
إِلَىٰ
[to]
قَوۡمِ
a group
بَيۡنَكُمۡ
between you
وَبَيۡنَهُم
and between them
مِّيثَٰقٌ
(is) a treaty
أَوۡ
or
جَآءُوكُمۡ
those who come to you
حَصِرَتۡ
restraining
صُدُورُهُمۡ
their hearts
أَن
that
يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ
they fight you
أَوۡ
or
يُقَٰتِلُواْ
they fight
قَوۡمَهُمۡۚ
their people
وَلَوۡ
And if
شَآءَ
(had) willed
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لَسَلَّطَهُمۡ
surely He (would have) given them power
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
over you
فَلَقَٰتَلُوكُمۡۚ
and surely they (would have) fought you
فَإِنِ
So if
ٱعۡتَزَلُوكُمۡ
they withdraw from you
فَلَمۡ
and (do) not
يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ
fight against you
وَأَلۡقَوۡاْ
and offer
إِلَيۡكُمُ
to you
ٱلسَّلَمَ
[the] peace
فَمَا
then not
جَعَلَ
(has) made
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لَكُمۡ
for you
عَلَيۡهِمۡ
against them
سَبِيلٗا
a way

Translation

Except for those who take refuge with a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty or those who come to you, their hearts strained at [the prospect of] fighting you or fighting their own people. And if Allāh had willed, He could have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. So if they remove themselves from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then Allāh has not made for you a cause [for fighting] against them.

Tafsir

Except those who attach themselves to, [who] seek refuge with, a people between whom and you there is a covenant, a pledge of security for them and for whoever attaches himself to them, in the manner of the Prophet's may peace and salutation be upon him covenant with Hilaal ibn 'Uwaymir al-Aslamee; or, those who, come to you with their breasts constricted, dejected, about the prospect of fighting you, [being] on the side of their people, or fighting their people, siding with you, in other words, [those who come to you] refraining from fighting either you or them, then do not interfere with them, neither taking them as captives nor slaying them: this statement and what follows was abrogated by the 'sword' verse. Had God willed, to give them sway over you, He would have given them sway over you, by strengthening their hearts, so that assuredly they would have fought you: but God did not will it and so He cast terror into their hearts. And so if they stay away from you and do not fight you, and offer you peace, reconciliation, that is, [if] they submit, then God does not allow you any way against them, [He does not allow you] a means to take them captive or to slay them.

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