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Ayah
Word by Word
وَمَا
And what
لَكُمۡ
for you
لَا
(that) not
تُقَٰتِلُونَ
you fight
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
وَٱلۡمُسۡتَضۡعَفِينَ
and (for) those who are weak
مِنَ
among
ٱلرِّجَالِ
the men
وَٱلنِّسَآءِ
and the women
وَٱلۡوِلۡدَٰنِ
and the children
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يَقُولُونَ
say
رَبَّنَآ
Our Lord
أَخۡرِجۡنَا
take us out
مِنۡ
of
هَٰذِهِ
this
ٱلۡقَرۡيَةِ
[the] town
ٱلظَّالِمِ
[the] oppressor(s)
أَهۡلُهَا
(are) its people
وَٱجۡعَل
and appoint
لَّنَا
for us
مِن
from
لَّدُنكَ
Yourself
وَلِيّٗا
a protector
وَٱجۡعَل
and appoint
لَّنَا
for us
مِن
from
لَّدُنكَ
Yourself
نَصِيرًا
a helper
وَمَا
And what
لَكُمۡ
for you
لَا
(that) not
تُقَٰتِلُونَ
you fight
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
وَٱلۡمُسۡتَضۡعَفِينَ
and (for) those who are weak
مِنَ
among
ٱلرِّجَالِ
the men
وَٱلنِّسَآءِ
and the women
وَٱلۡوِلۡدَٰنِ
and the children
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يَقُولُونَ
say
رَبَّنَآ
Our Lord
أَخۡرِجۡنَا
take us out
مِنۡ
of
هَٰذِهِ
this
ٱلۡقَرۡيَةِ
[the] town
ٱلظَّالِمِ
[the] oppressor(s)
أَهۡلُهَا
(are) its people
وَٱجۡعَل
and appoint
لَّنَا
for us
مِن
from
لَّدُنكَ
Yourself
وَلِيّٗا
a protector
وَٱجۡعَل
and appoint
لَّنَا
for us
مِن
from
لَّدُنكَ
Yourself
نَصِيرًا
a helper
Translation
And why should ye not fight in the cause of Allah and of those who, being weak, are ill-treated (and oppressed)?- Men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from this town, whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from Thee one who will protect; and raise for us from Thee one who will help!"
Tafsir
What is wrong with you, that you do not fight: this is an interrogative of rebuke, in other words, there is nothing to prevent you from fighting, in the way of God, and for, the deliverance of, the oppressed men, women, and children, whom the disbelievers persecuted and prevented from emigrating. Ibn 'Abbaas, may God be pleased with him and his father, said, 'My mother and I were among them'; who say, supplicating, 'O, our Lord, bring us forth from this town, Mecca, whose people are evildoers, through unbelief, and appoint for us a protector from You, to take charge of our affair, and appoint for us from You a helper', to defend us against them. God responded to their supplication and facilitated escape for some of them, while others remained behind until Mecca was conquered - in charge of them the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him placed 'Attaab ibn Aseed, who proceeded to seek justice for the wronged from those that had wronged them.
"The Necessity of Taking Necessary Precautions Against the Enemy
Allah says;
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ خُذُواۡ حِذۡرَكُمۡ فَانفِرُواۡ ثُبَاتٍ أَوِ انفِرُواۡ جَمِيعًا
you who believe! Take your precautions, and either go forth (on an expedition) in parties, or go forth all together.
Allah commands His faithful servants to take precautions against their enemies, by being prepared with the necessary weapons and supplies, and increasing the number of troops fighting in His cause.
ثُبَاتٍ
(in parties) means,
group after group, party after party, and expedition after expedition.
Ali bin Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said that,
فَانفِرُواۡ ثُبَاتٍ
(and either go forth in parties) means,
""In groups, expedition after expedition,
أَوِ انفِرُواۡ جَمِيعًا
(or go forth all together), means, all of you.""
Similar was reported from Mujahid, Ikrimah, As-Suddi, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ata Al-Khurasani, Muqatil bin Hayyan and Khusayf Al-Jazari.
Refraining from Joining Jihad is a Sign of Hypocrites
Allah said
وَإِنَّ مِنكُمۡ لَمَن لَّيُبَطِّيَنَّ
There is certainly among you he who would linger behind.
Mujahid and others said,
""this Ayah was revealed about the hypocrites.""
Muqatil bin Hayyan said that,
لَّيُبَطِّيَنَّ
(linger behind) means,
stays behind and does not join Jihad.
It is also possible that this person himself lingers behind, while luring others away from joining Jihad. For instance, Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, may Allah curse him, used to linger behind and lure other people to do the same and refrain from joining Jihad, as Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir stated. This is why Allah said about the hypocrite, that when he lingers behind from Jihad, then:
فَإِنۡ أَصَابَتۡكُم مُّصِيبَةٌ
If a misfortune befalls you,
death, martyrdom, or - by Allah's wisdom - being defeated by the enemy.
قَالَ قَدۡ أَنۡعَمَ اللّهُ عَلَيَّ إِذۡ لَمۡ أَكُن مَّعَهُمۡ شَهِيدًا
he says, ""Indeed Allah has favored me that I was not present among them.""
meaning, since I did not join them in battle. Because he considers this one of Allah's favors on him, unaware of the reward that he might have gained from enduring war or martyrdom, if he was killed.
وَلَيِنۡ أَصَابَكُمۡ فَضۡلٌ مِّنَ الله
But if a bounty comes to you from Allah,
such as victory, triumph and booty.
لَيَقُولَنَّ كَأَن لَّمۡ تَكُن بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَهُ مَوَدَّةٌ
he would surely say - as if there had never been ties of affection between you and him,
meaning, as if he was not a follower of your religion.
يَا لَيتَنِي كُنتُ مَعَهُمۡ فَأَفُوزَ فَوۡزًا عَظِيمًا
""Oh! I wish I had been with them; then I would have achieved a great success.""
by being assigned a share of the booty and taking possession of that share. This is his ultimate aim and objective.
The Encouragement to Participation in Jihad
Allah then said
فَلۡيُقَاتِلۡ
So fight,
the believer with an aversion (to fighting),
فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ الَّذِينَ يَشۡرُونَ الۡحَيَاةَ الدُّنۡيَا بِالاخِرَةِ
those who trade the life of this world with the Hereafter,
referring to those sell their religion for the meager goods of the world, and they only do this because of their disbelief and lack of faith.
Allah then said;
وَمَن يُقَاتِلۡ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ فَيُقۡتَلۡ أَو يَغۡلِبۡ فَسَوۡفَ نُوۡتِيهِ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمًا
And whoever fights in the cause of Allah, and is killed or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward.
meaning, whoever fights in the cause of Allah, whether he was killed or triumphant, he will earn an immense compensation and a great reward with Allah.
The Two Sahihs recorded,
وَتَكَفَّلَ اللهُ لِلۡمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبِيلِهِ إِنۡ تَوَفَّاهُ أَنۡ يُدۡخِلَهُ الۡجَنَّةَ أَوۡ يَرۡجِعَهُ إِلى مَسۡكَنِهِ الَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنۡهُ بِمَا نَالَ مِنۡ أَجۡرٍ أَوۡ غَنِيمَة
Allah has guaranteed the Mujahid in His cause that;
He will either bring death to him, admitting into Paradise;
or, He will help him return safely to his home with whatever reward and booty he gained.
Encouraging Jihad to Defend the Oppressed
Allah say;
وَمَا لَكُمۡ لَا تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَالۡمُسۡتَضۡعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاء وَالۡوِلۡدَانِ
And what is wrong with you that you fight not in the cause of Allah, and for those weak, ill-treated and oppressed among men, women, and children,
Allah encouraged His believing servants to perform Jihad in His cause and to strive hard to save the oppressed Muslims in Makkah, men, women and children who were restless because of having to remain there.
This is why Allah said,
الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَخۡرِجۡنَا مِنۡ هَـذِهِ الۡقَرۡيَةِ
whose cry is:""Our Lord! Rescue us from this town,
referring to Makkah.
In a similar Ayah, Allah said,
وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرۡيَةٍ هِىَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِّن قَرۡيَتِكَ الَّتِى أَخۡرَجَتۡكَ
And many a town, stronger than your town which has driven you out. (47:13)
Allah then describes this town,
الظَّالِمِ أَهۡلُهَا وَاجۡعَل لَّنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ وَلِيًّا وَاجۡعَل لَّنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ نَصِيرًا
whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from You one who will protect, and raise for us from You one who will help.
meaning, send protectors and helpers for us.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said,
""I and my mother were from the oppressed (in Makkah).""
Allah then said
الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ الطَّاغُوتِ
Those who believe, fight in the cause of Allah, and those who disbelieve, fight in the cause of the Taghut.
Therefore, the believers fight in obedience to Allah and to gain His pleasure, while the disbelievers fight in obedience to Shaytan.
Allah then encourages the believers to fight His enemies,
فَقَاتِلُواۡ أَوۡلِيَاء الشَّيۡطَانِ إِنَّ كَيۡدَ الشَّيۡطَانِ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا
So fight against the friends of Shaytan; ever feeble indeed is the plot of Shaytan."
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