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Ayah

Word by Word
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
ءَامَنُواْ
believe[d]!
لَا
(Do) not
تَقۡرَبُواْ
go near
ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
the prayer
وَأَنتُمۡ
while you
سُكَٰرَىٰ
(are) intoxicated
حَتَّىٰ
until
تَعۡلَمُواْ
you know
مَا
what
تَقُولُونَ
you are saying
وَلَا
and not
جُنُبًا
(when you are) impure
إِلَّا
except
عَابِرِي
(when) passing
سَبِيلٍ
(through) a way
حَتَّىٰ
until
تَغۡتَسِلُواْۚ
you have bathed
وَإِن
And if
كُنتُم
you are
مَّرۡضَىٰٓ
ill
أَوۡ
or
عَلَىٰ
on
سَفَرٍ
a journey
أَوۡ
or
جَآءَ
came
أَحَدٞ
one
مِّنكُم
of you
مِّنَ
from
ٱلۡغَآئِطِ
the toilet
أَوۡ
or
لَٰمَسۡتُمُ
you have touched
ٱلنِّسَآءَ
the women
فَلَمۡ
and not
تَجِدُواْ
you find
مَآءٗ
water
فَتَيَمَّمُواْ
then do tayammum
صَعِيدٗا
(with) earth
طَيِّبٗا
clean
فَٱمۡسَحُواْ
and wipe (with it)
بِوُجُوهِكُمۡ
your faces
وَأَيۡدِيكُمۡۗ
and your hands
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
كَانَ
is
عَفُوًّا
Oft-Pardoning
غَفُورًا
Oft-Forgiving
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
ءَامَنُواْ
believe[d]!
لَا
(Do) not
تَقۡرَبُواْ
go near
ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
the prayer
وَأَنتُمۡ
while you
سُكَٰرَىٰ
(are) intoxicated
حَتَّىٰ
until
تَعۡلَمُواْ
you know
مَا
what
تَقُولُونَ
you are saying
وَلَا
and not
جُنُبًا
(when you are) impure
إِلَّا
except
عَابِرِي
(when) passing
سَبِيلٍ
(through) a way
حَتَّىٰ
until
تَغۡتَسِلُواْۚ
you have bathed
وَإِن
And if
كُنتُم
you are
مَّرۡضَىٰٓ
ill
أَوۡ
or
عَلَىٰ
on
سَفَرٍ
a journey
أَوۡ
or
جَآءَ
came
أَحَدٞ
one
مِّنكُم
of you
مِّنَ
from
ٱلۡغَآئِطِ
the toilet
أَوۡ
or
لَٰمَسۡتُمُ
you have touched
ٱلنِّسَآءَ
the women
فَلَمۡ
and not
تَجِدُواْ
you find
مَآءٗ
water
فَتَيَمَّمُواْ
then do tayammum
صَعِيدٗا
(with) earth
طَيِّبٗا
clean
فَٱمۡسَحُواْ
and wipe (with it)
بِوُجُوهِكُمۡ
your faces
وَأَيۡدِيكُمۡۗ
and your hands
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
كَانَ
is
عَفُوًّا
Oft-Pardoning
غَفُورًا
Oft-Forgiving

Translation

O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying1 or in a state of janābah,2 except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women [i.e., had sexual intercourse] and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Allāh is ever Pardoning3 and Forgiving.
Footnotes
1 The use of intoxicants was later prohibited completely. See 5:90-91.
2 Literally, "distance." The state of one under obligation to perform ghusl (a complete bath) due to having had sexual intercourse or ejaculation.
3 Literally, able to erase and remove sins completely, leaving no trace of them in the record of deeds.

Tafsir

O you who believe, draw not near to prayer, that is, do not perform prayer, whilst you are inebriated, by a drink: this was revealed concerning being drunk during the congregational prayer; until you know what you are saying, when you have sobered up; nor whilst you are defiled, as a result of [sexual] penetration or ejaculation (junuban, 'defiled', is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier, and may be used to refer to the singular or plural) - unless you are traversing, crossing, a way, a route, that is, [unless] you are travelling - until you have washed yourselves, in which case you may perform prayer: a proviso is made for the traveller because a different stipulation applies to him, as will follow. It is said that the purpose [of this verse] is to prohibit the approach to places of prayer, that is, mosques, the exception being if one were merely passing through and not staying. But if you are sick, with an illness made worse by [contact with] water, or on a journey, that is, [or] travelling whilst you are [ritually] defiled or impure, or if any of you comes from the privy (al-ghaa'it), a place designated for relieving nature, that is to say, [or if any of you] have defecated, or you have touched women (laamastum, a variant reading has lamastum: both mean lams, that is, 'touching with the hand', as stated by Ibn 'Umar; this is also the opinion of al-Shaafi'ee, and it extends to touching with other parts of the skin; according to Ibn 'Abbaas, however, it is [referring to] sexual intercourse); and you can find no water, with which to purify yourselves for prayer, having made the effort to seek it out and search for it - the sick being exempt in this case - then resort to, seek, when the time [for the prayer] has commenced, wholesome soil, clean earth, strike it twice, and wipe your faces and your hands, with it, up to the elbows (the verb masaha, 'to wipe', may stand on its own with a direct object or take a particle [before the direct object, sc. masaha bi-]). God is ever Pardoning, Forgiving.

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