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Ayah

Word by Word
وَلَكُمۡ
And for you
نِصۡفُ
(is) half
مَا
(of) what
تَرَكَ
(is) left
أَزۡوَٰجُكُمۡ
by your wives
إِن
if
لَّمۡ
not
يَكُن
is
لَّهُنَّ
for them
وَلَدٞۚ
a child
فَإِن
But if
كَانَ
is
لَهُنَّ
for them
وَلَدٞ
a child
فَلَكُمُ
then for you
ٱلرُّبُعُ
(is) the fourth
مِمَّا
of what
تَرَكۡنَۚ
they left
مِنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
وَصِيَّةٖ
any will
يُوصِينَ
they have made
بِهَآ
[for which]
أَوۡ
or
دَيۡنٖۚ
any debt
وَلَهُنَّ
And for them
ٱلرُّبُعُ
(is) the fourth
مِمَّا
of what
تَرَكۡتُمۡ
you left
إِن
if
لَّمۡ
not
يَكُن
is
لَّكُمۡ
for you
وَلَدٞۚ
a child
فَإِن
But if
كَانَ
is
لَكُمۡ
for you
وَلَدٞ
a child
فَلَهُنَّ
then for them
ٱلثُّمُنُ
(is) the eighth
مِمَّا
of what
تَرَكۡتُمۚ
you left
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
وَصِيَّةٖ
any will
تُوصُونَ
you have made
بِهَآ
[for which]
أَوۡ
or
دَيۡنٖۗ
any debt
وَإِن
And if
كَانَ
[is]
رَجُلٞ
a man
يُورَثُ
(whose wealth) is to be inherited
كَلَٰلَةً
(has) no parent or child
أَوِ
or
ٱمۡرَأَةٞ
a women
وَلَهُۥٓ
and for him
أَخٌ
(is) a brother
أَوۡ
or
أُخۡتٞ
a sister
فَلِكُلِّ
then for each
وَٰحِدٖ
one
مِّنۡهُمَا
of (the) two
ٱلسُّدُسُۚ
(is) the sixth
فَإِن
But if
كَانُوٓاْ
they are
أَكۡثَرَ
more
مِن
than
ذَٰلِكَ
that
فَهُمۡ
then they
شُرَكَآءُ
(are) partners
فِي
in
ٱلثُّلُثِۚ
the third
مِنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
وَصِيَّةٖ
any will
يُوصَىٰ
was made
بِهَآ
[for which]
أَوۡ
or
دَيۡنٍ
any debt
غَيۡرَ
without
مُضَآرّٖۚ
(being) harmful
وَصِيَّةٗ
An ordinance
مِّنَ
from
ٱللَّهِۗ
Allah
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
عَلِيمٌ
(is) All-Knowing
حَلِيمٞ
All-Forbearing
وَلَكُمۡ
And for you
نِصۡفُ
(is) half
مَا
(of) what
تَرَكَ
(is) left
أَزۡوَٰجُكُمۡ
by your wives
إِن
if
لَّمۡ
not
يَكُن
is
لَّهُنَّ
for them
وَلَدٞۚ
a child
فَإِن
But if
كَانَ
is
لَهُنَّ
for them
وَلَدٞ
a child
فَلَكُمُ
then for you
ٱلرُّبُعُ
(is) the fourth
مِمَّا
of what
تَرَكۡنَۚ
they left
مِنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
وَصِيَّةٖ
any will
يُوصِينَ
they have made
بِهَآ
[for which]
أَوۡ
or
دَيۡنٖۚ
any debt
وَلَهُنَّ
And for them
ٱلرُّبُعُ
(is) the fourth
مِمَّا
of what
تَرَكۡتُمۡ
you left
إِن
if
لَّمۡ
not
يَكُن
is
لَّكُمۡ
for you
وَلَدٞۚ
a child
فَإِن
But if
كَانَ
is
لَكُمۡ
for you
وَلَدٞ
a child
فَلَهُنَّ
then for them
ٱلثُّمُنُ
(is) the eighth
مِمَّا
of what
تَرَكۡتُمۚ
you left
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
وَصِيَّةٖ
any will
تُوصُونَ
you have made
بِهَآ
[for which]
أَوۡ
or
دَيۡنٖۗ
any debt
وَإِن
And if
كَانَ
[is]
رَجُلٞ
a man
يُورَثُ
(whose wealth) is to be inherited
كَلَٰلَةً
(has) no parent or child
أَوِ
or
ٱمۡرَأَةٞ
a women
وَلَهُۥٓ
and for him
أَخٌ
(is) a brother
أَوۡ
or
أُخۡتٞ
a sister
فَلِكُلِّ
then for each
وَٰحِدٖ
one
مِّنۡهُمَا
of (the) two
ٱلسُّدُسُۚ
(is) the sixth
فَإِن
But if
كَانُوٓاْ
they are
أَكۡثَرَ
more
مِن
than
ذَٰلِكَ
that
فَهُمۡ
then they
شُرَكَآءُ
(are) partners
فِي
in
ٱلثُّلُثِۚ
the third
مِنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
وَصِيَّةٖ
any will
يُوصَىٰ
was made
بِهَآ
[for which]
أَوۡ
or
دَيۡنٍ
any debt
غَيۡرَ
without
مُضَآرّٖۚ
(being) harmful
وَصِيَّةٗ
An ordinance
مِّنَ
from
ٱللَّهِۗ
Allah
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
عَلِيمٌ
(is) All-Knowing
حَلِيمٞ
All-Forbearing

Translation

In what your wives leave, your share is a half, if they leave no child; but if they leave a child, ye get a fourth; after payment of legacies and debts. In what ye leave, their share is a fourth, if ye leave no child; but if ye leave a child, they get an eighth; after payment of legacies and debts. If the man or woman whose inheritance is in question, has left neither ascendants nor descendants, but has left a brother or a sister, each one of the two gets a sixth; but if more than two, they share in a third; after payment of legacies and debts; so that no loss is caused (to any one). Thus is it ordained by Allah; and Allah is All-knowing, Most Forbearing.
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Tafsir

And for you a half of what your wives leave, if they have no children, from you or from another; but if they have children, then for you a fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they may bequeath, or any debt: the consensus is that the grandchild in this case is like the child. And for them, the wives, whether one or more, a fourth of what you leave, if you have no children; but if you have children, from them or from others, then for them an eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you may bequeath, or any debt; again the consensus is that the grandchild is as the child. If it be a man leaving an inheritance (yoorathu, 'being inherited from', is an adjectival qualification, the predicate of which is [the following kalaalatan, 'without direct heir']) and not having a direct heir, that is, [having] neither a parent nor child, or it be a woman, leaving an inheritance and having no direct heir, but it be that such, a man leaving an inheritance with no direct heir, has a brother or a sister, from the same mother, as read by Ibn Mas'ood and others, then to each of the two a sixth, of what he leaves; but if they, the siblings from the same mother, be more than that, that is, [more] than one, then they share a third, the male and female equally, after any bequest to be bequeathed or any debt without prejudice (ghayra mudaarrin, is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person governing [the verb] yoosaa, 'to be bequeathed') in other words, without causing any prejudice to the inheritors by bequeathing more than the third); a charge (wasiyyatan, a verbal noun reaffirming [the import of] yooseekum, 'He charges you' [of the beginning of the previous verse]) from God. God is Knowing, of the obligations which He has ordained for His creatures, Forbearing, in deferring the punishment of those that disobey Him. The Sunna specifies that the individuals mentioned may receive the relevant inheritance provided that they are not barred from it on account of their having committed murder, or [their belonging to] a different religion or being slaves.
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