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Ayah

Word by Word
وَإِذَا
And when
ضَرَبۡتُمۡ
you travel
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the earth
فَلَيۡسَ
then not
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
upon you
جُنَاحٌ
(is) any blame
أَن
that
تَقۡصُرُواْ
you shorten
مِنَ
[of]
ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
the prayer
إِنۡ
if
خِفۡتُمۡ
you fear
أَن
that
يَفۡتِنَكُمُ
(may) harm you
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُوٓاْۚ
disbelieved
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
the disbelievers
كَانُواْ
are
لَكُمۡ
for you
عَدُوّٗا
an enemy
مُّبِينٗا
open
وَإِذَا
And when
ضَرَبۡتُمۡ
you travel
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the earth
فَلَيۡسَ
then not
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
upon you
جُنَاحٌ
(is) any blame
أَن
that
تَقۡصُرُواْ
you shorten
مِنَ
[of]
ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
the prayer
إِنۡ
if
خِفۡتُمۡ
you fear
أَن
that
يَفۡتِنَكُمُ
(may) harm you
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُوٓاْۚ
disbelieved
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
the disbelievers
كَانُواْ
are
لَكُمۡ
for you
عَدُوّٗا
an enemy
مُّبِينٗا
open

Translation

And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer,1 [especially] if you fear that those who disbelieve may disrupt [or attack] you.2 Indeed, the disbelievers are ever to you a clear enemy.
Footnotes
1 The four rakʿah prayers are shortened to two rakʿahs.
2 The example of the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions illustrates that fear is not a condition for this allowance, merely travel.

Tafsir

And when you are going forth, travelling, in the land you would not be at fault if you shorten the prayer, by making it two [genuflexions] instead of four, if you fear that you may be afflicted by those who do not believe, that is, [if you fear] that you may be harmed [by them]: this [fear of affliction at the hands of the disbelievers] is [just intended as] an explication of the reality [of the situation] at that time and the point no longer applies. In the Sunna, it is pointed out that 'travel' (safar) means long-distance [travel], which is [approximately] 50 miles. God's words 'you would not be at fault' should be understood as [denoting] a dispensation and not a requirement, and this is the opinion of al-Shaafi'ee; the disbelievers are a manifest foe to you, their enmity being evident.

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