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Ayah
Word by Word
وَمَا
And not
قَدَرُواْ
they appraised
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
حَقَّ
(with) true
قَدۡرِهِۦ
appraisal
وَٱلۡأَرۡضُ
while the earth
جَمِيعٗا
entirely
قَبۡضَتُهُۥ
(will be) in His Grip
يَوۡمَ
(on the) Day
ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ
(of) the Resurrection
وَٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ
and the heavens
مَطۡوِيَّـٰتُۢ
(will be) folded
بِيَمِينِهِۦۚ
in His Right Hand
سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ
Glory be to Him!
وَتَعَٰلَىٰ
And High is He
عَمَّا
above what
يُشۡرِكُونَ
they associate (with Him)
وَمَا
And not
قَدَرُواْ
they appraised
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
حَقَّ
(with) true
قَدۡرِهِۦ
appraisal
وَٱلۡأَرۡضُ
while the earth
جَمِيعٗا
entirely
قَبۡضَتُهُۥ
(will be) in His Grip
يَوۡمَ
(on the) Day
ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ
(of) the Resurrection
وَٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ
and the heavens
مَطۡوِيَّـٰتُۢ
(will be) folded
بِيَمِينِهِۦۚ
in His Right Hand
سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ
Glory be to Him!
وَتَعَٰلَىٰ
And High is He
عَمَّا
above what
يُشۡرِكُونَ
they associate (with Him)
Translation
No just estimate have they made of Allah, such as is due to Him: On the Day of Judgment the whole of the earth will be but His handful, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand: Glory to Him! High is He above the Partners they attribute to Him!
Tafsir
And they do not esteem God as He should be esteemed, they do not understand His true nature, or [it means] that they do not exalt Him with the exaltation truly worthy of Him, when they associate others with Him. And the entire earth (jamee'an is a circumstantial qualifier) in other words, the seven [earths], will be in His grasp, in other words, it shall be grasped by Him, meaning [that it will be] in His possession and at His disposal, on the Day of Resurrection, and the skies will be rolled up, brought together, in His Right Hand, by His power. Glory be to Him! And exalted be He above what they associate!, with Him [of partners].
The Idolators did not make a just Estimate of Allah such as is due to Him
Allah states;
وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهِ
وَالاۡاَرۡضُ جَمِيعًا قَبۡضَتُهُ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ وَالسَّماوَاتُ مَطۡوِيَّاتٌ بِيَمِينِهِ سُبۡحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ
They made not a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him.
means, the idolators did not give Allah His due when they worshipped others alongside Him. He is the Almighty, and there is none mightier than Him; He is the One Who is able to do all things; He is the Owner of all things and everything is under His control and power.
Mujahid said,
This was revealed concerning Quraysh.
As-Suddi said,
They did not venerate Him as He deserves to be venerated.
Muhammad bin Ka`b said,
If they had made a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him, they would not have lied.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهِ
(They made not a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him),
These are the disbeliever who did not believe that Allah had power over them. Whoever believes that Allah is able to do all things, has made a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him, and whoever does not believe that, has not made a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him.
Many Hadiths have been narrated concerning this Ayah and how it and other Ayat like it are to be interpreted and accepted without any attempts to twist or change the meaning.
Concerning the Ayah,
وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهِ
(They made not a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him), Al-Bukhari recorded that Abdullah bin Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
One of the rabbis came to the Messenger of Allah and said, `O Muhammad! We learn that Allah will put the heavens on one finger, the earths on one finger, the trees on one finger, the water and dust on one finger, and the rest of creation on one finger, then He will say:I am the King.' The Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly that his molars could be seen, in confirmation of what the rabbi had said. Then the Messenger of Allah recited:
وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهِ
وَالاۡاَرۡضُ جَمِيعًا قَبۡضَتُهُ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ
They made not a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him. And on the Day of Resurrection the whole of the earth will be grasped by His Hand.
Al-Bukhari also recorded this in other places of his Sahih.
It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad and Muslim, and by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in the (books of) Tafsir in their Sunans.
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
I heard the Messenger of Allah say:
يَقۡبِضُ اللهُ تَعَالَى الاَۡرۡضَ وَيَطۡوِي السَّمَاءَ بِيَمِينِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَنَا الۡمَلِكُ أَيۡنَ مُلُوكُ الاَۡرۡضِ
Allah will grasp the earth and roll up the heavens in His Right Hand, then He will say:I am the King, where are the kings of the earth.
This version was recorded only by Al-Bukhari;
Muslim recorded another version.
Al-Bukhari also recorded from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah said:
إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقۡبِضُ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ الاَۡرَضِينَ عَلَى أُصۡبُعٍ وَتَكُونُ السَّموَاتُ بِيَمِينِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَنَا الۡمَلِك
On the Day of Resurrection, Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, will grasp the earth with one finger, and the heavens will be in His Right Hand, then He will say, I am the King.
This version was also recorded by Al-Bukhari.
It is recorded that Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
The Messenger of Allah recited this Ayah on the Minbar one day:
وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهِ وَالاَۡرۡضُ جَمِيعًا قَبۡضَتُهُ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ وَالسَّماوَاتُ مَطۡوِيَّاتٌ بِيَمِينِهِ سُبۡحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ
They made not a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him. On the Day of Resurrection the whole earth will be grasped by His Hand and the heavens will be rolled up in His Right Hand. Glorified be He, and High be He above all that they associate as partners with Him!
The Messenger of Allah said while moving his hand forward and backward:
يُمَجِّدُ الرَّبُّ نَفۡسَهُ أَنَا الۡجَبَّارُ أَنَا الۡمُتَكَبِّرُ أَنَا الۡمَلِكُ أَنَا الۡعَزِيزُ أَنَا الۡكَرِيم
And the Lord will glorify Himself, saying I am Compeller, I am the Proud, I am the King, I am the Mighty, I am the Most Generous.
And the Minbar shook so much that we feared that the Messenger of Allah would fall.
This was also recorded by Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah
The Blast of the Trumpet, the Judgement and the Recompense
Allah tells us about the terrors of the Day of Judgement, with its mighty signs and terrifying upheaval.
وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَن فِي الاَۡرۡضِ إِلاَّ مَن شَاء اللَّهُ
And the Trumpet will be blown and all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will swoon away, except him whom Allah wills.
This will be the second trumpet-blast, which will cause people to die. By this trumpet-blast, everyone who is alive in the heavens and on earth will be caused to die, except for him whom Allah wills. Then the souls of the remaining creatures will be taken, until the last one to die will be the Angel of Death, and there will be left only the Ever Living, Eternal One, Who was there in the beginning and will be at the end, forever.
He will say three times,
لِّمَنِ الۡمُلۡكُ الۡيَوۡم
(Whose is the kingdom this day),
then He will answer Himself:
لِلَّهِ الۡوَحِدِ الۡقَهَّار
(It is Allah's, the One, the Irresistible!) (40:16)
`I am the One existing Alone, I subjugated all things and I decreed that all things must come to an end.'
Then the first one to be brought back to life will be Israfil, and Allah will command him to sound the Trumpet again. This will be the third trumpet-blast, the trumpet-blast of Resurrection.
Allah says:
ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخۡرَى فَإِذَا هُم قِيَامٌ يَنظُرُونَ
Then it will be blown another time, and behold they will be standing, looking on.
means, after they have been bones and dust, they will come alive, looking at the terrors of the Day of Resurrection.
This is like the Ayat:
فَإِنَّمَا هِىَ زَجۡرَةٌ وَحِدَةٌ فَإِذَا هُمۡبِالسَّاهِرَةِ
But it will be only a single Zajrah, when behold, they find themselves alive. (79:13-14)
يَوۡمَ يَدۡعُوكُمۡ فَتَسۡتَجِيبُونَ بِحَمۡدِهِ وَتَظُنُّونَ إِن لَّبِثۡتُمۡ إِلاَّ قَلِيلً
On the Day when He will call you, and you will respond with His praise, and you will think that you have stayed (in this world) but a little while! (17:52)
and,
وَمِنۡ ءَايَـتِهِ أَن تَقُومَ السَّمَأءُ وَالاٌّرۡضُ بِأَمۡرِهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا دَعَاكُمۡ دَعۡوَةً مِّنَ الاٌّرۡضِ إِذَا أَنتُمۡ تَخۡرُجُونَ
And among His signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His command. Then afterwards when He will call you by a single call, behold, you will come out from the earth. (30:25)
Imam Ahmad recorded that a man said to Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him,
You say that the Hour will come at such and such time.
He said, I thought that I would not narrate to you anymore. All that I said was that after a little while you would see something of great importance.
Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
The Messenger of Allah said:
يَخۡرُجُ الدَّجَّالُ فِي أُمَّتِي فَيَمۡكُثُ فِيهِمۡ أَرۡبَعِينَ
The Dajjal will emerge in my Ummah and he will stay among them for forty.
I do not know whether he said forty days or forty months or forty years or forty nights.
فَيَبۡعَثُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عِيسَى ابۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ عَلَيۡهِ الصَّلَةُ وَالسَّلَمُ كَأَنَّهُ عُرۡوَةُ بۡنُ مَسۡعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ فَيَظۡهَرُ فَيُهۡلِكُهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ يَلۡبَثُ النَّاسُ بَعۡدَهُ سِنِينَ سَبۡعًا لَيۡسَ بَيۡنَ اثۡنَيۡنِ عَدَاوَةٌ ثُمَّ يُرۡسِلُ اللهُ تَعَالَى رِيحًا بَارِدَةً مِنۡ قِبَلِ الشَّامِ فَلَ يَبۡقَى أَحَدٌ فِي قَلۡبِهِ مِثۡقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ مِنۡ إِيمَانٍ إِلاَّ قَبَضَتۡهُ حَتۡى لَوۡ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمۡ كَانَ فِي كَبِدِ جَبَلٍ لَدَخَلَتۡ عَلَيۡه
Then Allah will send `Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, who resembles `Urwah bin Mas`ud Ath-Thaqafi, and he will prevail. Allah will destroy him (the Dajjal), then after that mankind will live for seven years with no enmity between any two people. Then Allah will send a cool wind from the direction of Ash-Sham, which will take the soul of every person who has even a speck of faith in his heart; even if one of them were to be inside the heart of a mountain, it would enter upon him.
He said, I heard it from the Messenger of Allah :
وَيَبۡقَى شِرَارُ النَّاسِ فِي خِفَّةِ الطَّيۡرِ وَأَحۡلَمِ السِّبَاع لَا يَعۡرِفُونَ مَعۡرُوفًا وَلَا يُنۡكِرُونَ مُنۡكَرًا قال فَيَتَمَثَّلُ لَهُمُ الشَّيۡطَانُ فَيَقُولُ أَلَا تَسۡتَجِيبُونَ فَيَأۡمُرُهُمۡ بِعِبَادَةِ الاَۡوۡثَانِ فَيَعۡبُدُونَهَا وَهُمۡ فِي ذَلِكَ دَارَّةٌ أَرۡزَاقُهُمۡ حَسَنٌ عَيۡشُهُمۡ ثُمَّ يُنۡفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ فَلَ يَسۡمَعُهُ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ أَصۡغَى لَهُ وَأَوَّلُ مَنۡ يَسۡمَعُهُ رَجُلٌ يَلُوطُ حَوۡضَهُ فَيَصۡعَقُ ثُمَّ لَا يَبۡقَى أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ صَعِقَ ثُمَّ يُرۡسِلُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَوۡ يُنۡزِلُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَطَرًا كَأَنَّهُ الطَّلُّ أَوِ الظِّلُّ شك نعمان فَتَنۡبُتُ مِنۡهُ أَجۡسَادُ النَّاسِ ثُمَّ يُنۡفَخُ فِيهِ أُخۡرَى فَإِذَا هُمۡ قِيَامٌ يَنۡظُرُونَ ثُمَّ يُقَالُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ هَلُمُّوا إِلى رَبِّكُمۡ
وَقِفُوهُمۡ إِنَّهُمۡ مَّسۡيُولُونَ
There will be left the most evil of people, as light as birds and with the hard hearts of wild predators. They will not recognize any good or denounce any evil.
Then Shaytan will appear to them and say, Will you not obey me?
Then he will command them to worship idols and they will worship them. At that time they will have ample provision and a good standard of living. Then the Trumpet will be blown, and no one will hear it but he will tilt his head to listen. The first one to hear it will be a man who is filling his water trough, and he will die when he hears it. Then there will be no one left who has not died.
Then Allah will send) -- or -- send down (rain like drizzle) -- or -- shade -- An-Nu`man (one of the narrators) was not sure of its wording (from which the bodies of the people will grow.
Then the Trumpet will be blown once more, and they will be standing, looking on. Then it will be said,
O mankind, come to your Lord,
وَقِفُوهُمۡ إِنَّهُمۡ مَّسۡيُولُونَ
(But stop them, verily, they are to be questioned), (37:24) Then it will be said,
أَخۡرِجُوا بَعۡثَ النَّارِ قال فيُقَالُ كَمۡ فَيُقَالُ مِنۡ كُلِّ أَلۡفٍ تِسۡعَمِايَةٍ وَتِسۡعَةً وَتِسۡعِينَ فَيَوۡمَيِذٍ يُبۡعَثُ الۡوِلۡدَانُ شِيبًا وَيَوۡمَيِذٍ يُكۡشَفُ عَنۡ سَاق
Send forth the people of Hell.
It will be said, How many'?'
It will said, From every thousand, nine hundred and ninety- nine.
On that Day, children will be resurrected gray-haired, and on that Day the Shin will be laid bare.
This was recorded by Muslim in his Sahih.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Prophet said:
مَا بَيۡنَ النَّفۡخَتَيۡنِ أَرۡبَعُون
Between the two blasts, there will be only forty.
They said, O Abu Hurayrah, forty days?
He, may Allah be pleased with him, said, I do not know.
They said, Forty years?
He said, I do not know.
They said, Forty months?
He said, I do not know.
وَيَبۡلَى كُلُّ شَيۡءٍ مِنَ الاِۡنۡسَانِ إِلاَّ عَجۡبَ ذَنَبِهِ فِيهِ يُرَكَّبُ الۡخَلۡق
Every part of a man will disintegrate apart from the root of his backbone, and out of that he will be created anew.
Allah's statement,
وَأَشۡرَقَتِ الاۡأَرۡضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا
And the earth will shine with the light of its Lord,
means, it will shine brightly on the Day of Resurrection when the Truth (Allah), may He be glorified and exalted, manifests Himself to His creation, to pass judgement.
وَوُضِعَ الۡكِتَابُ
and the Book will be presented.
Qatadah said,
The Book of deeds.
وَجِيءَ بِالنَّبِيِّينَ
and the Prophets will be brought forward,
Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
They will bear witness against the nations, testifying that they conveyed the Message of Allah to them.
وَالشُّهَدَاء
and the witnesses,
means, witnesses from among the angels who record the deeds of all, good and evil alike.
وَقُضِيَ بَيۡنَهُم بِالۡحَقِّ
and it will be judged between them with truth,
means, with justice.
وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ
and they will not be wronged.
Allah says:
وَنَضَعُ الۡمَوَزِينَ الۡقِسۡطَ لِيَوۡمِ الۡقِيَـمَةِ فَلَ تُظۡلَمُ نَفۡسٌ شَيۡياً وَإِن كَانَ مِثۡقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِّنۡ خَرۡدَلٍ أَتَيۡنَا بِهَا وَكَفَى بِنَا حَـسِبِينَ
And We shall setup Balances of justice on the Day of Resurrection, then none will be dealt with unjustly in anything. And if there be the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it. And Sufficient are We to take account. (21:47)
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظۡلِمُ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَـعِفۡهَا وَيُوۡتِ مِن لَّدُنۡهُ أَجۡراً عَظِيماً
Surely, Allah wrongs not even of the weight of a speck of dust, but if there is any good (done), He doubles it, and gives from Him a great reward. (4:40)
Allah says
وَوُفِّيَتۡ كُلُّ نَفۡسٍ مَّا عَمِلَتۡ
And each person will be paid in full of what he did;
meaning, of good and evil.
وَهُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يَفۡعَلُونَ
and He is Best Aware of what they do.
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