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Ayah

Word by Word
قَالَ
He said
لَقَدۡ
Certainly
ظَلَمَكَ
he has wronged you
بِسُؤَالِ
by demanding
نَعۡجَتِكَ
your ewe
إِلَىٰ
to
نِعَاجِهِۦۖ
his ewes
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
كَثِيرٗا
many
مِّنَ
of
ٱلۡخُلَطَآءِ
the partners
لَيَبۡغِي
certainly oppress
بَعۡضُهُمۡ
one
عَلَىٰ
[on]
بَعۡضٍ
another
إِلَّا
except
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
ءَامَنُواْ
believe
وَعَمِلُواْ
and do
ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ
righteous deeds
وَقَلِيلٞ
and few
مَّا
(are) they
هُمۡۗ
(are) they
وَظَنَّ
And became certain
دَاوُۥدُ
Dawood
أَنَّمَا
that
فَتَنَّـٰهُ
We (had) tried him
فَٱسۡتَغۡفَرَ
and he asked forgiveness
رَبَّهُۥ
(of) his Lord
وَخَرَّۤ
and fell down
رَاكِعٗاۤ
bowing
وَأَنَابَ۩
and turned in repentance
قَالَ
He said
لَقَدۡ
Certainly
ظَلَمَكَ
he has wronged you
بِسُؤَالِ
by demanding
نَعۡجَتِكَ
your ewe
إِلَىٰ
to
نِعَاجِهِۦۖ
his ewes
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
كَثِيرٗا
many
مِّنَ
of
ٱلۡخُلَطَآءِ
the partners
لَيَبۡغِي
certainly oppress
بَعۡضُهُمۡ
one
عَلَىٰ
[on]
بَعۡضٍ
another
إِلَّا
except
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
ءَامَنُواْ
believe
وَعَمِلُواْ
and do
ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ
righteous deeds
وَقَلِيلٞ
and few
مَّا
(are) they
هُمۡۗ
(are) they
وَظَنَّ
And became certain
دَاوُۥدُ
Dawood
أَنَّمَا
that
فَتَنَّـٰهُ
We (had) tried him
فَٱسۡتَغۡفَرَ
and he asked forgiveness
رَبَّهُۥ
(of) his Lord
وَخَرَّۤ
and fell down
رَاكِعٗاۤ
bowing
وَأَنَابَ۩
and turned in repentance

Translation

[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in addition] to his ewes. And indeed, many associates oppress one another, except for those who believe and do righteous deeds - and few are they." And David became certain that We had tried him, and he asked forgiveness of his Lord1 and fell down bowing [in prostration] and turned in repentance [to Allāh].
Footnotes
1 - For his errors, such as fear and suspicion of the two men at the outset, any mistake in judgement he might have made, concealed feelings of partiality, etc.

Tafsir

He said, 'He has certainly wronged you by asking for your ewe that he may add it to his sheep. And indeed many associates infringe upon [the rights of] one another, except such as believe and perform righteous deeds, but few are they!' (maa emphasises the 'fewness'). As the two angels were ascending to the sky one said to the other, 'He has certainly passed judgement on himself!' David was thus alerted [to his deed]. God, exalted be He, says: And David thought, in other words, he became certain, that We had indeed tried him, that We had caused him to fall into a trial, that is, a test, through his love for that woman. So he sought forgiveness of his Lord and fell down bowing, in other words, prostrate, and repented.

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