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Ayah
Word by Word
وَلَقَدۡ
And verily
سَبَقَتۡ
has preceded
كَلِمَتُنَا
Our Word
لِعِبَادِنَا
for Our slaves
ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ
the Messengers
وَلَقَدۡ
And verily
سَبَقَتۡ
has preceded
كَلِمَتُنَا
Our Word
لِعِبَادِنَا
for Our slaves
ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ
the Messengers
Translation
And Our word [i.e., decree] has already preceded for Our servants, the messengers,
Tafsir
And verily Our Word, [containing the promise] of victory, has gone beforehand in favour of Our servants, the messengers: and that [Word] is, I shall assuredly prevail, I and My messengers [Q. 58:21] -
The Promise of Victory and the Command to turn away from Idolators
Allah says,
وَلَقَدْ سَبَقَتْ كَلِمَتُنَا لِعِبَادِنَا الْمُرْسَلِينَ
And, verily, Our Word has gone forth of old for Our servants, the Messengers,
meaning, it has already been stated in the first decree that the Messengers and their followers will ultimately prevail in this world and the Hereafter.
This is like the Ayah:
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ
Allah has decreed:Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be the victorious.
Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty. (58:21)
and,
إِنَّا لَنَنصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الاٌّشْهَـدُ
Verily, We will indeed make victorious Our Messengers and those who believe in this world's life and on the Day when the witnesses will stand forth. (40:51)
وَلَقَدْ سَبَقَتْ كَلِمَتُنَا لِعِبَادِنَا الْمُرْسَلِينَ
إِنَّهُمْ لَهُمُ الْمَنصُورُونَ
And, verily, Our Word has gone forth of old for Our servants, the Messengers, that they verily would be made triumphant,
meaning, `in this world and in the Hereafter, as We have already stated that they would prevail over their people who disbelieved in them and went against them, and how Allah destroyed the disbelievers and saved His believing servants. '
وَإِنَّ جُندَنَا لَهُمُ الْغَالِبُونَ
And that Our hosts they verily would be the victors.
means, that they would ultimately prevail.
فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى حِينٍ
So turn away from them for a while,
means, `bear their annoyance with patience and wait until an appointed time, when We shall cause you to prevail and will grant you victory.'
وَأَبْصِرْهُمْ فَسَوْفَ يُبْصِرُونَ
And watch them and they shall see!
means, `watch them and see what will happen to them by way of punishment for their opposition towards you and their disbelief in you.'
Allah said, as a threat and a warning,
فَسَوْفَ يُبْصِرُونَ
(and they shall see!).
Then Allah says:
أَفَبِعَذَابِنَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونَ
Do they seek to hasten on Our torment!
meaning, `they seek to hasten on the punishment because they disbelieve in you, and Allah is angry with them because of that and will make them suffer the consequences, and because of their disbelief and stubbornness, He will hasten on the punishment.'
فَإِذَا نَزَلَ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ فَسَاء صَبَاحُ الْمُنذَرِينَ
Then, when it descends in their courtyard, evil will be the morning for those who had been warned!
means, when the punishment comes down to the place where they are, terrible will be the day of their punishment and destruction.
As-Suddi said:
فَإِذَا نَزَلَ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ
(Then, when it descends in their courtyard), means, in their homes;
فَسَاء صَبَاحُ الْمُنذَرِينَ
(evil will be the morning for those who had been warned!) means, how terrible that morning will be for them.
It was reported in the Two Sahihs that Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
On the morning of Khyber, when the people came out with their tools (to go about their daily work) and ﷺ the (Muslim) army, they went back and said, `Muhammad by Allah! Muhammad and the army!'
The Prophet said:
اللهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِين
Allahu Akbar! Khyber has been destroyed. Then, when it descends in the courtyard of any people, evil will be the morning for those who had been warned!
وَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى حِينٍ
وَأَبْصِرْ فَسَوْفَ يُبْصِرُونَ
So turn away from them for a while, and watch and they shall see!
This is a reiteration of the command stated above.
And Allah knows best
Allah glorified Himself and states that He is far above what the lying wrongdoers say about Him; glorified and sanctified and exalted be He far above what they say
Allah says:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ
Glorified be your Lord, the Lord of Al-`Izzah!
meaning, the Owner of might and power Whom none can resist.
عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ
(He is free) from what they attribute unto Him!
means, from what these lying fabricators say.
وَسَلَمٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ
And Salam be on the Messengers!
means, may the peace of Allah be upon them in this world and in the Hereafter, because what they say about their Lord is sound, correct and true.
وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
And all the praises and thanks be to Allah, Lord of all that exists.
means, praise be to Him at the beginning and end of all things. Because Tasbih (glorification) implies a declaration of being free from all shortcomings, the two ideas appear together here and in many places in the Qur'an.
Allah says:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ
وَسَلَمٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ
وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
Glorified be your Lord, the Lord of Al-`Izzah! (He is free) from what they attribute unto Him! And Salam (peace!) be on the Messengers! And all the praises and thanks be to Allah, Lord of all that exists.
Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah narrated that Qatadah said,
The Messenger of Allah said:
إِذَا سَلَّمْتُمْ عَلَيَّ فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ فَأَنَا رَسُولٌ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِين
When you send Salam on me, send Salam on all the Messengers, for I am one of the Messengers.
This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim.
Abu Muhammad Al-Baghawi recorded in his Tafsir that Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
Whoever wants a greater measure of reward on the Day of Resurrection, let him say at the end of any gathering,
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ
وَسَلَمٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ
وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
Glorified be your Lord, the Lord of honor, glory and power! (He is free) from what they attribute unto Him! And Salam (peace!) be on the Messengers! And all the praises and thanks be to Allah, Lord of all that exists.
Other Hadiths concerning the expiation for any wrongs that may have occurred during a gathering prescribe saying the words:
Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise. There is no God except You; I seek your forgiveness and I repent to you.
I have written a chapter dealing exclusively with this topic.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah As-Saffat. And Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, knows best.
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