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Ayah

Word by Word
وَأَنزَلَ
And He brought down
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
ظَٰهَرُوهُم
backed them
مِّنۡ
among
أَهۡلِ
(the) People
ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ
(of) the Scripture
مِن
from
صَيَاصِيهِمۡ
their fortresses
وَقَذَفَ
and cast
فِي
into
قُلُوبِهِمُ
their hearts
ٱلرُّعۡبَ
[the] terror
فَرِيقٗا
a group
تَقۡتُلُونَ
you killed
وَتَأۡسِرُونَ
and you took captive
فَرِيقٗا
a group
وَأَنزَلَ
And He brought down
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
ظَٰهَرُوهُم
backed them
مِّنۡ
among
أَهۡلِ
(the) People
ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ
(of) the Scripture
مِن
from
صَيَاصِيهِمۡ
their fortresses
وَقَذَفَ
and cast
فِي
into
قُلُوبِهِمُ
their hearts
ٱلرُّعۡبَ
[the] terror
فَرِيقٗا
a group
تَقۡتُلُونَ
you killed
وَتَأۡسِرُونَ
and you took captive
فَرِيقٗا
a group

Translation

And He brought down those who supported them among the People of the Scripture1 from their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts [so that] a party [i.e., their men] you killed, and you took captive a party [i.e., the women and children].
Footnotes
1 - The Jews of Banū Quraythah, who had violated their treaty with the Muslims.

Tafsir

And He brought down those of the People of the Scripture, namely, the [Banoo] Qurayza, who had supported them from their strongholds (sayaasee is the plural of seesa, and is that in which one fortifies himself [against an enemy]) and He cast terror into their hearts, [so that] some, of them, you slew, and these were the combatants, and some, of them, you took captive, namely, their children.

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