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Ayah
Word by Word
لَن
Never
تَنَالُواْ
will you attain
ٱلۡبِرَّ
[the] righteousness
حَتَّىٰ
until
تُنفِقُواْ
you spend
مِمَّا
from what
تُحِبُّونَۚ
you love
وَمَا
And whatever
تُنفِقُواْ
you spend
مِن
of
شَيۡءٖ
a thing
فَإِنَّ
then indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
بِهِۦ
of it
عَلِيمٞ
(is) All-Knowing
لَن
Never
تَنَالُواْ
will you attain
ٱلۡبِرَّ
[the] righteousness
حَتَّىٰ
until
تُنفِقُواْ
you spend
مِمَّا
from what
تُحِبُّونَۚ
you love
وَمَا
And whatever
تُنفِقُواْ
you spend
مِن
of
شَيۡءٖ
a thing
فَإِنَّ
then indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
بِهِۦ
of it
عَلِيمٞ
(is) All-Knowing
Translation
By no means shall ye attain righteousness unless ye give (freely) of that which ye love; and whatever ye give, of a truth Allah knoweth it well.
Tafsir
You will not attain piety, that is, the reward for it, which is the Paradise, until you expend, [until] you give voluntary alms, of what you love, of your wealth; and whatever thing you expend, God knows of it, and He will requite it accordingly.
"Allah Does Not Guide People Who Disbelieve After they Believed, Unless They Repent
Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn Abbas said,
""A man from the Ansar embraced Islam, but later reverted and joined the polytheists. He later on became sorry and sent his people to, `Ask the Messenger of Allah for me, if I can repent.'
Then,
كَيۡفَ يَهۡدِي اللّهُ قَوۡمًا كَفَرُواۡ بَعۡدَ إِيمَانِهِمۡ
(How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their belief) until,
فَإِنَّ الله غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful), (3:86-89) was revealed and his people sent word to him and he re-embraced Islam.""
This is the wording recorded by An-Nasa'i, Al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban.
Al-Hakim said, ""Its chain is Sahih and they did not record it.""
Allah's statement,
كَيۡفَ يَهۡدِي اللّهُ قَوۡمًا كَفَرُواۡ بَعۡدَ إِيمَانِهِمۡ وَشَهِدُواۡ أَنَّ الرَّسُولَ حَقٌّ وَجَاءهُمُ الۡبَيِّنَاتُ
How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their belief and after they bore witness that the Messenger is true and after clear proofs came to them!
means, the proofs and evidences were established, testifying to the truth of what the Messenger was sent with. The truth was thus explained to them, but they reverted to the darkness of polytheism. Therefore, how can such people deserve guidance after they willingly leapt into utter blindness!
This is why Allah said,
وَاللّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي الۡقَوۡمَ الظَّالِمِينَ
And Allah guides not the people who are wrongdoers.
He then said,
أُوۡلَـيِكَ جَزَاوُهُمۡ أَنَّ عَلَيۡهِمۡ لَعۡنَةَ اللّهِ وَالۡمَليِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجۡمَعِينَ
They are those whose recompense is that on them (rests) the curse of Allah, of the angels and of all mankind.
Allah curses them and His creation also curses them.
خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا
They will abide therein,
in the curse.
لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنۡهُمُ الۡعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمۡ يُنظَرُونَ
Neither will their torment be lightened nor will it be delayed or postponed.
for, the torment will not be lessened, not even for an hour.
After that, Allah said,
إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تَابُواۡ مِن بَعۡدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصۡلَحُواۡ فَإِنَّ الله غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Except for those who repent after that and do righteous deeds. Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
This Ayah indicates Allah's kindness, graciousness, compassion, mercy and favor on His creatures when they repent to Him, for He forgives them in this case.
Neither Repentance of the Disbeliever Upon Death, Nor His Ransoming Himself on the Day of Resurrection Shall be Accepted
Allah says;
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ بَعۡدَ إِيمَانِهِمۡ ثُمَّ ازۡدَادُواۡ كُفۡرًا لَّن تُقۡبَلَ تَوۡبَتُهُمۡ وَأُوۡلَـيِكَ هُمُ الضَّألُّونَ
Verily, those who disbelieved after their belief and then went on increasing in their disbelief never will their repentance be accepted.
Allah threatens and warns those who revert to disbelief after they believed and who thereafter insist on disbelief until death. He states that in this case, no repentance shall be accepted from them upon their death.
Similarly, Allah said,
وَلَيۡسَتِ التَّوۡبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ السَّيِّيَـتِ حَتَّى إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الۡمَوۡتُ
And of no effect is the repentance of those who continue to do evil deeds until death faces one of them. (4:18)
This is why Allah said,
لَّن تُقۡبَلَ تَوۡبَتُهُمۡ وَأُوۡلَـيِكَ هُمُ الضَّألُّونَ
never will their repentance be accepted. And they are those who went astray.
to those who abandon the path of truth for the path of wickedness.
Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded that Ibn Abbas said that;
some people embraced Islam, reverted to disbelief, became Muslims again, then reverted from Islam.
They sent their people inquiring about this matter and they asked the Messenger of Allah. On that, this Ayah was revealed,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ بَعۡدَ إِيمَانِهِمۡ ثُمَّ ازۡدَادُواۡ كُفۡرًا لَّن تُقۡبَلَ تَوۡبَتُهُمۡ
(Verily, those who disbelieved after their belief and then went on increasing in their disbelief never will their repentance be accepted).
The chain of narration is satisfactory.
Thereafter, Allah said
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ وَمَاتُواۡ وَهُمۡ كُفَّارٌ فَلَن يُقۡبَلَ مِنۡ أَحَدِهِم مِّلۡءُ الارۡضِ ذَهَبًا وَلَوِ افۡتَدَى بِهِ
Verily, those who disbelieved, and died while they were disbelievers, the (whole) earth full of gold will not be accepted from anyone of them even if they offered it as a ransom.
Those who die while disbelievers, shall have no good deed ever accepted from them, even if they spent the earth's fill of gold in what was perceived to be an act of obedience.
The Prophet was asked about Abdullah bin Jud`an, who used to be generous to guests, helpful to the indebted and who gave food (to the poor); will all that benefit him?
The Prophet said,
لَاا إِنَّهُ لَمۡ يَقُلۡ يَوۡمًا مِنَ الدَّهۡرِ رَبِّ اغۡفِر لِي خَطِييَتِي يَوۡمَ الدِّين
No, for not even one day during his life did he pronounce, `O my Lord! Forgive my sins on the Day of Judgment.
Similarly, if the disbeliever gave the earth's full of gold as ransom, it will not be accepted from him.
Allah said,
وَلَا يُقۡبَلُ مِنۡهَا عَدۡلٌ وَلَا تَنفَعُهَا شَفَـعَةٌ
nor shall compensation be accepted from him, nor shall intercession be of use to him. (2:123)
and,
لااَّ بَيۡعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خِلَـلٌ
on which there will be neither mutual bargaining nor befriending. (14:31)
and,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ لَوۡ أَنَّ لَهُمۡ مَّا فِى الاٌّرۡضِ جَمِيعاً وَمِثۡلَهُ مَعَهُ لِيَفۡتَدُواۡ بِهِ مِنۡ عَذَابِ يَوۡمِ الۡقِيَـمَةِ مَا تُقُبِّلَ مِنۡهُمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Verily, those who disbelieve, if they had all that is in the earth, and as much again therewith to ransom themselves thereby from the torment on the Day of Resurrection, it would never be accepted of them, and theirs would be a painful torment. (5:36)
This is why Allah said here,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ وَمَاتُواۡ وَهُمۡ كُفَّارٌ فَلَن يُقۡبَلَ مِنۡ أَحَدِهِم مِّلۡءُ الارۡضِ ذَهَبًا وَلَوِ افۡتَدَى بِهِ
Verily, those who disbelieved, and died while they were disbelievers, the (whole) earth full of gold will not be accepted from anyone of them if they offered it as a ransom.
The implication of this Ayah is that the disbeliever shall never avoid the torment of Allah, even if he spent the earth's fill of gold, or if he ransoms himself with the earth's fill of gold, - all of its mountains, hills, sand, dust, valleys, forests, land and sea.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah said,
يُوۡتَى بِالرَّجُلِ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ يَا ابۡنَ ادَمَ كَيۡفَ وَجَدۡتَ مَنۡزِلَكَ
A man from among the people of Paradise will be brought and Allah will ask him, ""O son of Adam! How did you find your dwelling?""
فَيَقُولُ أَيۡ رَبِّ خَيۡرَ مَنۡزِلٍ
He will say, ""O Lord, it is the best dwelling.""
فَيَقُولُ سَلۡ وَتَمَنَّ
Allah will say, ""Ask and wish.""
فَيَقُولُ مَا أَسۡأَلُ وَلَا أَتَمَنَّى إِلاَّ أَنۡ تَرُدَّنِي إِلَى الدُّنۡيَا فَأُقۡتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ عَشۡرَ مِرَارٍ
The man will say, ""I only ask and wish that You send me back to the world so that I am killed ten times in Your cause,""
لِمَا يَرَى مِنۡ فَضۡلِ الشَّهَادَةِ
because of the honor of martyrdom he would experience.
وَيُوۡتَى بِالرَّجُلِ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ النَّارِ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ يَا ابۡنَ ادَمَ كَيۡفَ وَجَدۡتَ مَنۡزِلَكَ
A man from among the people of the Fire will be brought, and Allah will say to him, ""O son of Adam! How do you find your dwelling?""
فَيَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ شَرَّ مَنۡزِلٍ
He will say, ""It is the worst dwelling, O Lord.""
فَيَقُولُ لَهُ تَفۡتَدِي مِنِّي بِطِلَعِ الاَۡرۡضِ ذَهَبًا
Allah will ask him, ""Would you ransom yourself from Me with the earth's fill of gold?""
فَيَقُولُ أَيۡ رَبِّ نَعَمۡ
He will say, ""Yes, O Lord.""
فَيَقُولُ كَذَبۡتَ قَدۡ سَأَلۡتُكَ أَقَلَّ مِنۡ ذَلِكَ وَأَيۡسَرَ فَلَمۡ تَفۡعَلۡ
Allah will say, ""You have lied. I asked you to do what is less and easier than that, but you did not do it,""
فَيُرَدُّ إِلَى النَّار
and he will be sent back to the Fire.
This is why Allah said,
أُوۡلَـيِكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّاصِرِينَ
For them is a painful torment and they will have no helpers.
for they shall not have anyone who will save them from the torment of Allah or rescue them from His painful punishment.
Al-Birr is Spending from the Best of One's Wealth
Allah says,
لَن تَنَالُواۡ الۡبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنفِقُواۡ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ وَمَا تُنفِقُواۡ مِن شَيۡءٍ فَإِنَّ اللّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ
By no means shall you attain Al-Birr, unless you spend of that which you love; and whatever of good you spend, Allah knows it well.
In his Tafsir, Waki reported, that `Amr bin Maymun said that
لَن تَنَالُواۡ الۡبِرَّ
(By no means shall you attain Al-Birr),
is in reference to attaining Paradise.
Imam Ahmad reported that Anas bin Malik said,
""Abu Talhah had more property than any other among the Ansar in Al-Madinah, and the most beloved of his property to him was Bayruha' garden, which was in front of the (Messenger's) Masjid. Sometimes, Allah's Messenger used to go to the garden and drink its fresh water."" Anas added, ""When these verses were revealed,
لَن تَنَالُواۡ الۡبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنفِقُواۡ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ
(By no means shall you attain Al-Birr unless You spend of that which you love), Abu Talhah said,
`O Allah's Messenger! Allah says,
لَن تَنَالُواۡ الۡبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنفِقُواۡ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ
(By no means shall you attain Al-Birr, unless you spend of that which you love). No doubt, Bayruha' garden is the most beloved of all my property to me. So I want to give it in charity in Allah's cause, and I expect its reward and compensation from Allah. O Allah's Messenger! Spend it where Allah makes you think is feasible.'
On that, Allah's Messenger said,
بَخٍ بَخٍ ذَاكَ مَالٌ رَابِحٌ ذَاكَ مَالٌ رَابِحٌ وَقَدۡ سَمِعۡتُ وَأَنَا أَرَى أَنۡ تَجۡعَلَهَا فِي الاَۡقۡرَبِين
Well-done! It is profitable property, it is profitable property. I have heard what you have said, and I think it would be proper if you gave it to your kith and kin.
Abu Talhah said, `I will do so, O Allah's Messenger.'
Then Abu Talhah distributed that garden among his relatives and cousins.""
This Hadith was recorded in the Two Sahihs.
They also recorded that Umar said,
""O Messenger of Allah! I never gained possession of a piece of property more precious to me than my share in Khyber. Therefore, what do you command me to do with it""
The Prophet said,
حَبِّسِ الاَۡصۡلَ وَسَبِّلِ الثَّمَرَة
Retain the land to give its fruits in Allah's cause."
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