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Ayah
Word by Word
فَمَن
Then whoever
تَوَلَّىٰ
turns away
بَعۡدَ
after
ذَٰلِكَ
that
فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ
then those
هُمُ
they
ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ
(are) the defiantly disobedient
فَمَن
Then whoever
تَوَلَّىٰ
turns away
بَعۡدَ
after
ذَٰلِكَ
that
فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ
then those
هُمُ
they
ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ
(are) the defiantly disobedient
Translation
If any turn back after this, they are perverted transgressors.
Tafsir
Then whoever turns his back, in rejection, after that, covenant, they are the wicked.
"Taking a Pledge From the Prophets to Believe in Our Prophet, Muhammad
Allah states that He took a pledge from every Prophet whom He sent from Adam until `Isa, that when Allah gives them the Book and the Hikmah, thus acquiring whatever high grades they deserve, then a Messenger came afterwards, they would believe in and support him.
Even though Allah has given the Prophets the knowledge and the Prophethood, this fact should not make them refrain from following and supporting the Prophet who comes after them. This is why Allah, the Most High, Most Honored, said,
وَإِذۡ أَخَذَ اللّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّيۡنَ لَمَا اتَيۡتُكُم مِّن كِتَابٍ وَحِكۡمَةٍ
And (remember) when Allah took the covenant of the Prophets, saying:""Take whatever I gave you from the Book and Hikmah.""
meaning, if I give you the Book and the Hikmah,
ثُمَّ جَاءكُمۡ رَسُولٌ مُّصَدِّقٌ لِّمَا مَعَكُمۡ لَتُوۡمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَلَتَنصُرُنَّهُ قَالَ أَأَقۡرَرۡتُمۡ وَأَخَذۡتُمۡ عَلَى ذَلِكُمۡ إِصۡرِي
""and afterwards there will come to you a Messenger confirming what is with you; you must, then, believe in him and help him.""
Allah said, ""Do you agree (to it) and will you take up Isri!""
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ar-Rabi, Qatadah and As-Suddi said that;
`Isri' means, ""My covenant.""
Muhammad bin Ishaq said that,
إِصۡرِي
(Isri) means,
""The responsibility of My covenant that you took,""
meaning, the ratified pledge that you gave Me.
قَالُواۡ أَقۡرَرۡنَا قَالَ فَاشۡهَدُواۡ وَأَنَاۡ مَعَكُم مِّنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ
They said:""We agree.""
He said:""Then bear witness; and I am with you among the witnesses.""
فَمَن تَوَلَّى بَعۡدَ ذَلِكَ
then whoever turns away after this,""
from fulfilling this pledge and covenant,
فَأُوۡلَـيِكَ هُمُ الۡفَاسِقُونَ
they are the rebellious.
Ali bin Abi Talib and his cousin Abdullah bin Abbas said,
""Allah never sent a Prophet but after taking his pledge that if Muhammad were sent in his lifetime, he would believe in and support him.""
Allah commanded each Prophet to take a pledge from his nation that if Muhammad were sent in their time, they would believe in and support him.
Tawus, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qatadah said,
""Allah took the pledge from the Prophets that they would believe in each other,""
and this statement does not contradict what Ali and Ibn Abbas stated.
Therefore, Muhammad is the Final Prophet until the Day of Resurrection. He is the greatest Imam, who if he existed in any time period, deserves to be obeyed, rather than all other Prophets. This is why Muhammad led the Prophets in prayer during the night of Isra when they gathered in Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).
He is the intercessor on the Day of Gathering, when the Lord comes to judge between His servants. This is Al-Maqam Al-Mahmud (the praised station) (refer to 17:79) that only Muhammad deserves, a responsibility which the mighty Prophets and Messengers will decline to assume. However, Muhammad will carry the task of intercession, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him.
The Only Valid Religion To Allah is Islam
Allah says;
أَفَغَيۡرَ دِينِ اللّهِ يَبۡغُونَ وَلَهُ أَسۡلَمَ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارۡضِ طَوۡعًا وَكَرۡهًا
Do they seek other than the religion of Allah, while to Him submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly.
Allah rebukes those who prefer a religion other than the religion that He sent His Books and Messengers with, which is the worship of Allah Alone without partners, to Whom,
وَلَهُ أَسۡلَمَ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارۡضِ
(submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth), Willingly, or not.
Allah said in other Ayat,
وَللَّهِ يَسۡجُدُ مَن فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرۡضِ طَوۡعًا وَكَرۡهًا
And unto Allah (Alone) falls in prostration whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly. (13:15)
and,
أَوَ لَمۡ يَرَوۡاۡ إِلَى مَا خَلَقَ اللّهُ مِن شَيۡءٍ يَتَفَيَّأُ ظِلَلُهُ عَنِ الۡيَمِينِ وَالۡشَّمَأيِلِ سُجَّدًا لِلّهِ وَهُمۡ دَاخِرُونَ
وَلِلّهِ يَسۡجُدُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الَارۡضِ مِن دَابَّةٍ وَالۡمَليِكَةُ وَهُمۡ لَا يَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ
يَخَافُونَ رَبَّهُم مِّن فَوۡقِهِمۡ وَيَفۡعَلُونَ مَا يُوۡمَرُونَ
Have they not observed things that Allah has created:(how) their shadows incline to the right and to the left, making prostration unto Allah, and they are lowly.
And to Allah prostrate all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth, of the moving creatures and the angels, and they are not proud.
They fear their Lord above them, and they do what they are commanded. (16:48-50)
Therefore, the faithful believer submits to Allah in heart and body, while the disbeliever unwillingly submits to Him in body only, since he is under Allah's power, irresistible control and mighty kingship that cannot be repelled or resisted.
Waki reported that Mujahid said that;
the Ayah,
وَلَهُ أَسۡلَمَ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارۡضِ طَوۡعًا وَكَرۡهًا
(While to Him submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly),
is similar to the Ayah,
وَلَيِن سَأَلۡتَهُمۡ مَّنۡ خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرۡضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ
And verily, if you ask them:""Who created the heavens and the earth!"" Surely, they will say:""Allah."" (39:38)
He also reported that Ibn Abbas said about,
وَلَهُ أَسۡلَمَ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارۡضِ طَوۡعًا وَكَرۡهًا
(while to Him submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly),
""When He took the covenant from them.""
وَإِلَيۡهِ يُرۡجَعُونَ
And to Him shall they all be returned.
on the Day of Return, when He will reward or punish each person according to his or her deeds.
Allah then said
قُلۡ امَنَّا بِاللّهِ وَمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَيۡنَا
Say:""We believe in Allah and in what has been sent down to us,
the Qur'an.
وَمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَى إِبۡرَاهِيمَ وَإِسۡمَاعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ
and what was sent down to Ibrahim, Ismail, Ishaq, Yaqub,
the scriptures and revelation.
وَالَاسۡبَاطِ
and the Asbat,
the Asbat are the twelve tribes who originated from the twelve children of Israel (Yaqub).
وَمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى
and what was given to Musa, `Isa,
the Tawrah and the Injil.
وَالنَّبِيُّونَ مِن رَّبِّهِمۡ
and the Prophets from their Lord.
and this encompasses all of Allah's Prophets.
لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيۡنَ أَحَدٍ مِّنۡهُمۡ
We make no distinction between one another among them,
we believe in all of them.
وَنَحۡنُ لَهُ مُسۡلِمُونَ
And to Him (Allah) we have submitted (in Islam).
Therefore, faithful Muslims believe in every Prophet whom Allah has sent and in every Book He revealed, and never disbelieve in any of them. Rather, they believe in what was revealed by Allah, and in every Prophet sent by Allah.
Allah said next
وَمَن يَبۡتَغِ غَيۡرَ الاِسۡلَمِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقۡبَلَ مِنۡهُ
And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him,
whoever seeks other than what Allah has legislated, it will not be accepted from him.
وَهُوَ فِي الاخِرَةِ مِنَ الۡخَاسِرِينَ
and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers.
As the Prophet said in an authentic Hadith,
مَنۡ عَمِلَ عَمَلً لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡهِ أَمۡرُنَا فَهُوَ رَد
Whoever commits an action that does not conform to our matter (religion) then it is rejected."
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