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Ayah
Word by Word
مَا
Not
كَانَ
is
لِبَشَرٍ
for a human
أَن
that
يُؤۡتِيَهُ
gives him
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَٱلۡحُكۡمَ
and the wisdom
وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ
and the Prophethood
ثُمَّ
then
يَقُولَ
he says
لِلنَّاسِ
to the people
كُونُواْ
Be
عِبَادٗا
worshippers
لِّي
of me
مِن
from
دُونِ
besides
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
وَلَٰكِن
but (would say)
كُونُواْ
Be
رَبَّـٰنِيِّـۧنَ
worshippers of the Lord
بِمَا
because
كُنتُمۡ
you have been
تُعَلِّمُونَ
teaching
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَبِمَا
and because
كُنتُمۡ
you have been
تَدۡرُسُونَ
studying (it)
مَا
Not
كَانَ
is
لِبَشَرٍ
for a human
أَن
that
يُؤۡتِيَهُ
gives him
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَٱلۡحُكۡمَ
and the wisdom
وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ
and the Prophethood
ثُمَّ
then
يَقُولَ
he says
لِلنَّاسِ
to the people
كُونُواْ
Be
عِبَادٗا
worshippers
لِّي
of me
مِن
from
دُونِ
besides
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
وَلَٰكِن
but (would say)
كُونُواْ
Be
رَبَّـٰنِيِّـۧنَ
worshippers of the Lord
بِمَا
because
كُنتُمۡ
you have been
تُعَلِّمُونَ
teaching
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَبِمَا
and because
كُنتُمۡ
you have been
تَدۡرُسُونَ
studying (it)
Translation
It is not (possible) that a man, to whom is given the Book, and Wisdom, and the prophetic office, should say to people: "Be ye my worshippers rather than Allah's": on the contrary (He would say) "Be ye worshippers of Him Who is truly the Cherisher of all: For ye have taught the Book and ye have studied it earnestly."
Tafsir
When the Christians of Najraan claimed that Jesus had commanded them to take him as a Divinity, and some Muslims asked that they should be permitted to prostrate themselves before him, the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, the following was revealed: It belongs not to any mortal that God should give him the Book, the Judgement, the understanding of the Divine Law, prophethood, then that he should say to men, 'Be servants to me instead of God.' Rather, he should say, 'Be masters, scholars, labouring (rabbaaniyyoon, 'those of the Lord', is derived from rabb, 'lord', with the extra alif and noon, as a superlative [of rabbiyyoon]), by virtue of what you know (ta'lamoon, also read as tu'allimoon, 'you teach') of the Book and in what you study', that is, on account of the fact that you used to do this, for its benefit is that you engage in action.
"The Jews Alter Allah's Words
Allah says;
وَإِنَّ مِنۡهُمۡ لَفَرِيقًا يَلۡوُونَ أَلۡسِنَتَهُم بِالۡكِتَابِ لِتَحۡسَبُوهُ مِنَ الۡكِتَابِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنَ الۡكِتَابِ
وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ مِنۡ عِندِ اللّهِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنۡ عِندِ اللّهِ
And verily, among them is a party who distort the Book with their tongues, so that you may think it is from the Book, but it is not from the Book, and they say:This is from Allah, but it is not from Allah,
Allah states that some Jews, may Allah's curses descend on them, distort Allah's Words with their tongues, change them from their appropriate places, and alter their intended meanings. They do this to deceive the ignorant people by making it appear that their words are in the Book of Allah. They attribute their own lies to Allah, even though they know that they have lied and invented falsehood.
Therefore, Allah said,
..
وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللّهِ الۡكَذِبَ وَهُمۡ يَعۡلَمُونَ
and they speak a lie against Allah while they know it.
Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and Ar-Rabi bin Anas said that,
يَلۡوُونَ أَلۡسِنَتَهُم بِالۡكِتَابِ
(who distort the Book with their tongues), means,
""They alter them (Allah's Words).""
Al-Bukhari reported that Ibn Abbas said that;
the Ayah means they alter and add although none among Allah's creation can remove the Words of Allah from His Books, they alter and distort their apparent meanings.
Wahb bin Munabbih said,
""The Tawrah and the Injil remain as Allah revealed them, and no letter in them was removed. However, the people misguide others by addition and false interpretation, relying on books that they wrote themselves. Then,
وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ مِنۡ عِندِ اللّهِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنۡ عِندِ اللّهِ
(they say:""This is from Allah,"" but it is not from Allah;). As for Allah's Books, they are still preserved and cannot be changed.""
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this statement.
However, if Wahb meant the books that are currently in the hands of the People of the Book, then we should state that there is no doubt that they altered, distorted, added to and deleted from them. For instance, the Arabic versions of these books contain tremendous error, many additions and deletions and enormous misinterpretation. Those who rendered these translations have incorrect comprehension in most, rather, all of these translations.
If Wahb meant the Books of Allah that He has with Him, then indeed, these Books are preserved and were never changed.
No Prophet Ever Called People to Worship him or to Worship Other Than Allah
Allah says;
مَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُوۡتِيَهُ اللّهُ الۡكِتَابَ وَالۡحُكۡمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلنَّاسِ كُونُواۡ عِبَادًا لِّي مِن دُونِ اللّهِ
It is not (possible) for any human being to whom Allah has given the Book and Al-Hukm and Prophethood to say to the people:""Be my worshippers rather than Allah's.""
This Ayah means, it is not for a person whom Allah has given the Book, knowledge in the Law and Prophethood to proclaim to the people, ""Worship me instead of Allah,"" meaning, along with Allah. If this is not the right of a Prophet or a Messenger, then indeed, it is not the right of anyone else to issue such a claim.
This criticism refers to the ignorant rabbis, priests and teachers of misguidance, unlike the Messengers and their sincere knowledgeable followers who implement their knowledge; for they only command what Allah commands them, as their honorable Messengers conveyed to them. They also forbid what Allah forbade for them, by the words of His honorable Messengers. The Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on all of them, are the emissaries between Allah and His creation, conveying Allah's Message and Trust. The messengers indeed fulfilled their mission, gave sincere advice to creation and conveyed the truth to them.
Allah's statement,
وَلَـكِن كُونُواۡ رَبَّانِيِّينَ بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تُعَلِّمُونَ الۡكِتَابَ وَبِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَدۡرُسُونَ
On the contrary (he would say), ""Be you Rabbaniyyun, because you are teaching the Book, and you are studying it.""
means, the Messenger recommends the people to be Rabbaniyyun.
Ibn Abbas, Abu Razin and several others said that;
Rabbaniyyun means, ""Wise, learned, and forbearing.""
Ad-Dahhak commented concerning Allah's statement,
بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تُعَلِّمُونَ الۡكِتَابَ وَبِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَدۡرُسُونَ
(because you are teaching the Book, and you are studying it).
""Whoever learns the Qur'an deserves to become a Faqih (learned).""
وَبِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَدۡرُسُونَ
(and you are studying it),
preserving its words.
Allah then said
وَلَا يَأۡمُرَكُمۡ أَن تَتَّخِذُواۡ الۡمَلَيِكَةَ وَالنِّبِيِّيۡنَ أَرۡبَابًا
Nor would he order you to take angels and Prophets for lords.
The Prophet does not command worshipping other than Allah, whether a sent Messenger or an angel.
أَيَأۡمُرُكُم بِالۡكُفۡرِ بَعۡدَ إِذۡ أَنتُم مُّسۡلِمُونَ
Would he order you to disbelieve after you have submitted to Allah's will!
meaning, he would not do that, for whoever calls to worshipping other than Allah, will have called to Kufr.
The Prophets only call to Iman which commands worshipping Allah Alone without partners.
Allah said in other Ayat,
وَمَأ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيۡهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاۡ فَاعۡبُدُونِ
And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad) but We revealed to him (saying):""None has the right to be worshipped but I, so worship Me"". (21:25)
وَلَقَدۡ بَعَثۡنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعۡبُدُواۡ اللَّهَ وَاجۡتَنِبُواۡ الۡطَّـغُوتَ
And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming):""Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut (all false deities)."" (16:36)
and,
وَاسۡيلۡ مَنۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ مِن رُّسُلِنَأ أَجَعَلۡنَا مِن دُونِ الرَّحۡمَـنِ ءَالِهَةً يُعۡبَدُونَ
And ask those of Our Messengers whom We sent before you:""Did We ever appoint gods to be worshipped besides the Most Gracious (Allah)!"" (43:45)
Allah said concerning the angels,
وَمَن يَقُلۡ مِنۡهُمۡ إِنِّى إِلَـهٌ مِّن دُونِهِ فَذلِكَ نَجۡزِيهِ جَهَنَّمَ كَذَلِكَ نَجۡزِى الظَّـلِمِينَ
And if any of them should say:""Verily, I am a god besides Him (Allah),"" such a one We should recompense with Hell. Thus We recompense the wrongdoers. (21:29)"
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