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Ayah
Word by Word
بَلَىٰۚ
Nay
مَنۡ
whoever
أَوۡفَىٰ
fulfills
بِعَهۡدِهِۦ
his covenant
وَٱتَّقَىٰ
and fears (Allah)
فَإِنَّ
then indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُحِبُّ
loves
ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ
those who fear (Him)
بَلَىٰۚ
Nay
مَنۡ
whoever
أَوۡفَىٰ
fulfills
بِعَهۡدِهِۦ
his covenant
وَٱتَّقَىٰ
and fears (Allah)
فَإِنَّ
then indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُحِبُّ
loves
ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ
those who fear (Him)
Translation
Nay.- Those that keep their plighted faith and act aright,-verily Allah loves those who act aright.
Tafsir
Nay, there is a duty incumbent over them in this regard; but whoever fulfils his covenant, the one he has made or the covenant of God, by restoring a trust and other such things, and has fear, of God, by refraining from disobedience and performing deeds of obedience, for truly God loves the God-fearing: 'He loves them' means that He will reward them (the overt noun [al-muttaqeen, 'the God-fearing'] has replaced the [third person] pronominalisation).
"How Untrustworthy Are the Jews
Allah says;
وَمِنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡكِتَابِ
Among the People of the Scripture is he who,
Allah states that there are deceitful people among the Jews. He also warns the faithful against being deceived by them, because some of them,
مَنۡ إِن تَأۡمَنۡهُ بِقِنطَارٍ
if entrusted with a Qintar (a great amount) of money,
يُوَدِّهِ إِلَيۡكَ
will readily pay it back;
This Ayah indicates that this type would likewise give what is less than a Qintar, as is obvious.
However,
وَمِنۡهُم مَّنۡ إِن تَأۡمَنۡهُ بِدِينَارٍ لاَّ يُوَدِّهِ إِلَيۡكَ إِلاَّ مَا دُمۡتَ عَلَيۡهِ قَأيِمًا
and among them there is he who, if entrusted with a single silver coin, will not repay it unless you constantly stand demanding,
and insisting on acquiring your rightful property. If this is what he would do with one Dinar, then what about what is more than a Dinar!
We mentioned the meaning of Qintar in the beginning of this Surah, while the value of Dinar is well known.
Allah's statement,
ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَالُواۡ لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡنَا فِي الاُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ
because they say:""There is no blame on us to betray and take the properties of the illiterates (Arabs).""
means, what made them reject the truth (or what they owed) is that they said, ""There is no harm in our religion if we eat up the property of the unlettered ones, the Arabs, for Allah has allowed it for us.""
Allah replied,
وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللّهِ الۡكَذِبَ وَهُمۡ يَعۡلَمُونَ
But they tell a lie against Allah while they know it.
for they invented this lie and word of misguidance. Rather, Allah would not allow this money for them unless they had a right to it.
Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Sa`sa`ah bin Yazid said that;
a man asked Ibn Abbas, ""During battle, we capture some property belonging to Ahl Adh-Dhimmah, such as chickens and sheep.""
Ibn Abbas said, ""What do you do in this case?""
The man said, ""We say that there is no sin (if we confiscate them) in this case.""
He said, ""That is what the People of the Book said,
لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡنَا فِي الاُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ
(There is no blame on us to betray and take the properties of the illiterates (Arabs)).
Verily, if they pay the Jizyah, then you are not allowed their property, except when they willingly give it up.""
Allah then said
بَلَى مَنۡ أَوۡفَى بِعَهۡدِهِ وَاتَّقَى
Yes, whoever fulfills his pledge and fears Allah much,
fulfills his promise and fears Allah among you, O People of the Book, regarding the covenant Allah took from you to believe in Muhammad when he is sent, just as He took the same covenant from all Prophets and their nations. Whoever avoids Allah's prohibitions, obeys Him and adheres to the Shariah that He sent with His Final Messenger and the master of all mankind.
فَإِنَّ اللّهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُتَّقِينَ
verily, then Allah loves the Muttaqin.
There is No Share in the Hereafter for Those Who Break Allah's Covenant
Allah says;
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشۡتَرُونَ بِعَهۡدِ اللّهِ وَأَيۡمَانِهِمۡ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلً
Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths,
Allah states that whoever prefers the small things of this short, soon to end life, instead of fulfilling what they have promised Allah by following Muhammad, announcing his description (from their books) to people and affirming his truth, then,
أُوۡلَـيِكَ لَا خَلَقَ لَهُمۡ فِي الاخِرَةِ
they shall have no portion in the Hereafter.
They will not have a share or part in the Hereafter's rewards,
وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللّهُ وَلَا يَنظُرُ إِلَيۡهِمۡ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ
Neither will Allah speak to them nor look at them on the Day of Resurrection,
with His mercy.
This Ayah indicates that Allah will not speak words of kindness nor look at them with any mercy.
وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمۡ
nor will He purify them,
from sins and impurities. Rather, He will order them to the Fire.
وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
and they shall have a painful torment.
There are several Hadiths on the subject of this Ayah, some of which follow.
The First Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Dharr said,
""The Messenger of Allah said,
ثَلَثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ وَلَا يَنۡظُرُ إِلَيۡهِمۡ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيم
There are three persons whom Allah will not speak to, look at on the Day of Resurrection or purify, and they shall taste a painful torment.
I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Who are they, may they gain failure and loss?'
He said, repeating this statement thrice,
الۡمُسۡبِلُ
وَالۡمُنَفِّقُ سِلۡعَتَهُ بِالۡحَلِفِ الۡكَاذِبِ
وَالۡمَنَّان
`The Musbil (man whose clothes reach below the ankles),
he who swears while lying so as to sell his merchandize and
the one who gives charity and reminds people of it.""'
This was also recorded by Muslim, and the collectors of the Sunan.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Adi bin Amirah Al-Kindi said,
""Imru' Al-Qays bin Abis, a man from Kindah, disputed with a man from Hadramut in front of the Messenger of Allah concerning a piece of land. The Prophet required the man from Hadramut to present his evidence, but he did not have any.
The Prophet required Imru' Al-Qays to swear to his truthfulness, but the man from Hadramut said, `O Messenger of Allah! If you only require him to swear, then by the Lord of the Ka`bah (Allah), my land is lost.'
The Messenger of Allah said,
مَنۡ حَلَفَ عَلى يَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ لِيَقۡتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ أَحَدٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِ غَضۡبَان
Whoever swears while lying to acquire the property of others, will meet Allah while He is angry with him.""
Raja' one of the narrators of the Hadith, said that;
the Messenger of Allah then recited,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشۡتَرُونَ بِعَهۡدِ اللّهِ وَأَيۡمَانِهِمۡ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلً
(Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths...).
Imru' Al-Qays said, `What if one forfeits this dispute, what will he gain, O Messenger of Allah?'
The Prophet answered, `Paradise.'
Imru' Al-Qays said, `Bear witness that I forfeit all the land for him.""'
An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَنۡ حَلَفَ عَلى يَمِينٍ هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لِيَقۡتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امۡرِى مُسۡلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِ غَضۡبَان
Whoever takes a false oath to deprive a Muslim of his property will meet Allah while He is angry with him.
Al-Ash`ath said,
""By Allah! This verse was revealed concerning me. I owned some land with a Jewish man who denied my right, and I complained against him to the Messenger of Allah.
The Prophet asked me, `Do you have evidence?'
I said, `I don't have evidence.'
He said to the Jew, `Take an oath then.'
I said, `O Allah's Messenger! He will take a (false) oath immediately, and I will lose my property.'
Allah revealed the verse,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشۡتَرُونَ بِعَهۡدِ اللّهِ وَأَيۡمَانِهِمۡ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلً
(Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths...).""
The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
ثَلَثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يَنۡظُرُ إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
رَجُلٌ مَنَعَ ابۡنَ السَّبِيلِ فَضۡلَ مَاءٍ عِنۡدَهُ
وَرَجُلٌ حَلَفَ عَلى سِلۡعَةٍ بَعۡدَ الۡعَصۡرِ يَعۡنِي كَاذِبًا
وَرَجُلٌ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَإِنۡ أَعۡطَاهُ وَفَى لَهُ وَإِنۡ لَمۡ يُعۡطِهِ لَمۡ يَفِ لَه
Three persons whom Allah shall not speak to on the Day of Resurrection, or look at, or purify them, and they shall taste a painful torment.
They are:
a man who does not give the wayfarer some of the water that he has;
a man who swears, while lying, in order to complete a sales transaction after the `Asr prayer;
and a man who gives his pledge of allegiance to an Imam (Muslim Ruler), and if the Imam gives him (something), he fulfills the pledge, but if the Imam does not give him, he does not fulfill the pledge.
Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith, and At-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan Sahih."
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