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Ayah
Word by Word
وَمِنۡ
And from
أَهۡلِ
(the) People
ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ
(of) the Book
مَنۡ
(is he) who
إِن
if
تَأۡمَنۡهُ
you entrust him
بِقِنطَارٖ
with a great amount of wealth
يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ
he will return it
إِلَيۡكَ
to you
وَمِنۡهُم
And from them
مَّنۡ
(is he) who
إِن
if
تَأۡمَنۡهُ
you entrust him
بِدِينَارٖ
with a single coin
لَّا
not
يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ
he will return it
إِلَيۡكَ
to you
إِلَّا
except
مَا
that
دُمۡتَ
you keep constantly
عَلَيۡهِ
over him
قَآئِمٗاۗ
standing
ذَٰلِكَ
That
بِأَنَّهُمۡ
(is) because they
قَالُواْ
said
لَيۡسَ
Not
عَلَيۡنَا
on us
فِي
concerning
ٱلۡأُمِّيِّـۧنَ
the unlettered people
سَبِيلٞ
any [way] (accountability)
وَيَقُولُونَ
And they say
عَلَى
about
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
ٱلۡكَذِبَ
the lie
وَهُمۡ
while they
يَعۡلَمُونَ
know
وَمِنۡ
And from
أَهۡلِ
(the) People
ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ
(of) the Book
مَنۡ
(is he) who
إِن
if
تَأۡمَنۡهُ
you entrust him
بِقِنطَارٖ
with a great amount of wealth
يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ
he will return it
إِلَيۡكَ
to you
وَمِنۡهُم
And from them
مَّنۡ
(is he) who
إِن
if
تَأۡمَنۡهُ
you entrust him
بِدِينَارٖ
with a single coin
لَّا
not
يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ
he will return it
إِلَيۡكَ
to you
إِلَّا
except
مَا
that
دُمۡتَ
you keep constantly
عَلَيۡهِ
over him
قَآئِمٗاۗ
standing
ذَٰلِكَ
That
بِأَنَّهُمۡ
(is) because they
قَالُواْ
said
لَيۡسَ
Not
عَلَيۡنَا
on us
فِي
concerning
ٱلۡأُمِّيِّـۧنَ
the unlettered people
سَبِيلٞ
any [way] (accountability)
وَيَقُولُونَ
And they say
عَلَى
about
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
ٱلۡكَذِبَ
the lie
وَهُمۡ
while they
يَعۡلَمُونَ
know
Translation
Among the People of the Book are some who, if entrusted with a hoard of gold, will (readily) pay it back; others, who, if entrusted with a single silver coin, will not repay it unless thou constantly stoodest demanding, because, they say, "there is no call on us (to keep faith) with these ignorant (Pagans)." but they tell a lie against Allah, and (well) they know it.
Tafsir
And of the People of the Scripture is he who, if you trust him with a hundredweight, that is, with much money, he will return it to you, on account of his trustworthiness, the like of 'Abd Allaah ibn Salaam to whom a man entrusted 1200 plates of gold, which he then returned to him; and of them is he who, if you trust him with one dinar, will not return it to you, on account of his treachery; unless you keep standing over him, not leaving him for one minute, for as soon as you leave him, he will deny it, as was the case with Ka'b ibn al- Ashraf, to whom a man from Quraysh entrusted a dinar and later denied it. That, refusal to return things, is because they say, 'We have no duty towards, namely, [no possibility of acquiring] sin because of, the Gentiles', the Arabs; for they considered it lawful to be unjust towards any person of a different religion, and they attributed [the source of] this conviction to God, exalted be He. God, exalted be He, says, They speak falsehood against God, by attributing such things to Him, while they are aware, that they are liars.
"How Untrustworthy Are the Jews
Allah says;
وَمِنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡكِتَابِ
Among the People of the Scripture is he who,
Allah states that there are deceitful people among the Jews. He also warns the faithful against being deceived by them, because some of them,
مَنۡ إِن تَأۡمَنۡهُ بِقِنطَارٍ
if entrusted with a Qintar (a great amount) of money,
يُوَدِّهِ إِلَيۡكَ
will readily pay it back;
This Ayah indicates that this type would likewise give what is less than a Qintar, as is obvious.
However,
وَمِنۡهُم مَّنۡ إِن تَأۡمَنۡهُ بِدِينَارٍ لاَّ يُوَدِّهِ إِلَيۡكَ إِلاَّ مَا دُمۡتَ عَلَيۡهِ قَأيِمًا
and among them there is he who, if entrusted with a single silver coin, will not repay it unless you constantly stand demanding,
and insisting on acquiring your rightful property. If this is what he would do with one Dinar, then what about what is more than a Dinar!
We mentioned the meaning of Qintar in the beginning of this Surah, while the value of Dinar is well known.
Allah's statement,
ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَالُواۡ لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡنَا فِي الاُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ
because they say:""There is no blame on us to betray and take the properties of the illiterates (Arabs).""
means, what made them reject the truth (or what they owed) is that they said, ""There is no harm in our religion if we eat up the property of the unlettered ones, the Arabs, for Allah has allowed it for us.""
Allah replied,
وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللّهِ الۡكَذِبَ وَهُمۡ يَعۡلَمُونَ
But they tell a lie against Allah while they know it.
for they invented this lie and word of misguidance. Rather, Allah would not allow this money for them unless they had a right to it.
Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Sa`sa`ah bin Yazid said that;
a man asked Ibn Abbas, ""During battle, we capture some property belonging to Ahl Adh-Dhimmah, such as chickens and sheep.""
Ibn Abbas said, ""What do you do in this case?""
The man said, ""We say that there is no sin (if we confiscate them) in this case.""
He said, ""That is what the People of the Book said,
لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡنَا فِي الاُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ
(There is no blame on us to betray and take the properties of the illiterates (Arabs)).
Verily, if they pay the Jizyah, then you are not allowed their property, except when they willingly give it up.""
Allah then said
بَلَى مَنۡ أَوۡفَى بِعَهۡدِهِ وَاتَّقَى
Yes, whoever fulfills his pledge and fears Allah much,
fulfills his promise and fears Allah among you, O People of the Book, regarding the covenant Allah took from you to believe in Muhammad when he is sent, just as He took the same covenant from all Prophets and their nations. Whoever avoids Allah's prohibitions, obeys Him and adheres to the Shariah that He sent with His Final Messenger and the master of all mankind.
فَإِنَّ اللّهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُتَّقِينَ
verily, then Allah loves the Muttaqin.
There is No Share in the Hereafter for Those Who Break Allah's Covenant
Allah says;
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشۡتَرُونَ بِعَهۡدِ اللّهِ وَأَيۡمَانِهِمۡ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلً
Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths,
Allah states that whoever prefers the small things of this short, soon to end life, instead of fulfilling what they have promised Allah by following Muhammad, announcing his description (from their books) to people and affirming his truth, then,
أُوۡلَـيِكَ لَا خَلَقَ لَهُمۡ فِي الاخِرَةِ
they shall have no portion in the Hereafter.
They will not have a share or part in the Hereafter's rewards,
وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللّهُ وَلَا يَنظُرُ إِلَيۡهِمۡ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ
Neither will Allah speak to them nor look at them on the Day of Resurrection,
with His mercy.
This Ayah indicates that Allah will not speak words of kindness nor look at them with any mercy.
وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمۡ
nor will He purify them,
from sins and impurities. Rather, He will order them to the Fire.
وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
and they shall have a painful torment.
There are several Hadiths on the subject of this Ayah, some of which follow.
The First Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Dharr said,
""The Messenger of Allah said,
ثَلَثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ وَلَا يَنۡظُرُ إِلَيۡهِمۡ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيم
There are three persons whom Allah will not speak to, look at on the Day of Resurrection or purify, and they shall taste a painful torment.
I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Who are they, may they gain failure and loss?'
He said, repeating this statement thrice,
الۡمُسۡبِلُ
وَالۡمُنَفِّقُ سِلۡعَتَهُ بِالۡحَلِفِ الۡكَاذِبِ
وَالۡمَنَّان
`The Musbil (man whose clothes reach below the ankles),
he who swears while lying so as to sell his merchandize and
the one who gives charity and reminds people of it.""'
This was also recorded by Muslim, and the collectors of the Sunan.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Adi bin Amirah Al-Kindi said,
""Imru' Al-Qays bin Abis, a man from Kindah, disputed with a man from Hadramut in front of the Messenger of Allah concerning a piece of land. The Prophet required the man from Hadramut to present his evidence, but he did not have any.
The Prophet required Imru' Al-Qays to swear to his truthfulness, but the man from Hadramut said, `O Messenger of Allah! If you only require him to swear, then by the Lord of the Ka`bah (Allah), my land is lost.'
The Messenger of Allah said,
مَنۡ حَلَفَ عَلى يَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ لِيَقۡتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ أَحَدٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِ غَضۡبَان
Whoever swears while lying to acquire the property of others, will meet Allah while He is angry with him.""
Raja' one of the narrators of the Hadith, said that;
the Messenger of Allah then recited,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشۡتَرُونَ بِعَهۡدِ اللّهِ وَأَيۡمَانِهِمۡ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلً
(Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths...).
Imru' Al-Qays said, `What if one forfeits this dispute, what will he gain, O Messenger of Allah?'
The Prophet answered, `Paradise.'
Imru' Al-Qays said, `Bear witness that I forfeit all the land for him.""'
An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَنۡ حَلَفَ عَلى يَمِينٍ هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لِيَقۡتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امۡرِى مُسۡلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِ غَضۡبَان
Whoever takes a false oath to deprive a Muslim of his property will meet Allah while He is angry with him.
Al-Ash`ath said,
""By Allah! This verse was revealed concerning me. I owned some land with a Jewish man who denied my right, and I complained against him to the Messenger of Allah.
The Prophet asked me, `Do you have evidence?'
I said, `I don't have evidence.'
He said to the Jew, `Take an oath then.'
I said, `O Allah's Messenger! He will take a (false) oath immediately, and I will lose my property.'
Allah revealed the verse,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشۡتَرُونَ بِعَهۡدِ اللّهِ وَأَيۡمَانِهِمۡ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلً
(Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths...).""
The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
ثَلَثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يَنۡظُرُ إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
رَجُلٌ مَنَعَ ابۡنَ السَّبِيلِ فَضۡلَ مَاءٍ عِنۡدَهُ
وَرَجُلٌ حَلَفَ عَلى سِلۡعَةٍ بَعۡدَ الۡعَصۡرِ يَعۡنِي كَاذِبًا
وَرَجُلٌ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَإِنۡ أَعۡطَاهُ وَفَى لَهُ وَإِنۡ لَمۡ يُعۡطِهِ لَمۡ يَفِ لَه
Three persons whom Allah shall not speak to on the Day of Resurrection, or look at, or purify them, and they shall taste a painful torment.
They are:
a man who does not give the wayfarer some of the water that he has;
a man who swears, while lying, in order to complete a sales transaction after the `Asr prayer;
and a man who gives his pledge of allegiance to an Imam (Muslim Ruler), and if the Imam gives him (something), he fulfills the pledge, but if the Imam does not give him, he does not fulfill the pledge.
Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith, and At-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan Sahih."
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