Ayah

Word by Word
ثُمَّ
Then
أَنزَلَ
He sent down
عَلَيۡكُم
upon you
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
ٱلۡغَمِّ
the distress
أَمَنَةٗ
security
نُّعَاسٗا
slumber
يَغۡشَىٰ
overcoming
طَآئِفَةٗ
a group
مِّنكُمۡۖ
of you
وَطَآئِفَةٞ
while a group
قَدۡ
certainly
أَهَمَّتۡهُمۡ
worried [them]
أَنفُسُهُمۡ
(about) themselves
يَظُنُّونَ
thinking
بِٱللَّهِ
about Allah
غَيۡرَ
other than
ٱلۡحَقِّ
the truth
ظَنَّ
(the) thought
ٱلۡجَٰهِلِيَّةِۖ
(of) [the] ignorance
يَقُولُونَ
saying
هَل
Is (there)
لَّنَا
for us
مِنَ
from
ٱلۡأَمۡرِ
the matter
مِن
any
شَيۡءٖۗ
thing
قُلۡ
Say
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱلۡأَمۡرَ
the matter
كُلَّهُۥ
all (of) it
لِلَّهِۗ
(is) for Allah
يُخۡفُونَ
They hide
فِيٓ
in
أَنفُسِهِم
themselves
مَّا
what
لَا
not
يُبۡدُونَ
they reveal
لَكَۖ
to you
يَقُولُونَ
They say
لَوۡ
if
كَانَ
was
لَنَا
for us
مِنَ
from
ٱلۡأَمۡرِ
the matter
شَيۡءٞ
anything
مَّا
not
قُتِلۡنَا
we would have been killed
هَٰهُنَاۗ
here
قُل
Say
لَّوۡ
if
كُنتُمۡ
you were
فِي
in
بُيُوتِكُمۡ
your houses
لَبَرَزَ
surely (would have) come out
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كُتِبَ
was decreed
عَلَيۡهِمُ
upon them
ٱلۡقَتۡلُ
[the] death
إِلَىٰ
towards
مَضَاجِعِهِمۡۖ
their places of death
وَلِيَبۡتَلِيَ
And that might test
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَا
what
فِي
(is) in
صُدُورِكُمۡ
your breasts
وَلِيُمَحِّصَ
and that He may purge
مَا
what
فِي
(is) in
قُلُوبِكُمۡۚ
your hearts
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
عَلِيمُۢ
(is) All-Aware
بِذَاتِ
of what
ٱلصُّدُورِ
(is in) the breasts
ثُمَّ
Then
أَنزَلَ
He sent down
عَلَيۡكُم
upon you
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
ٱلۡغَمِّ
the distress
أَمَنَةٗ
security
نُّعَاسٗا
slumber
يَغۡشَىٰ
overcoming
طَآئِفَةٗ
a group
مِّنكُمۡۖ
of you
وَطَآئِفَةٞ
while a group
قَدۡ
certainly
أَهَمَّتۡهُمۡ
worried [them]
أَنفُسُهُمۡ
(about) themselves
يَظُنُّونَ
thinking
بِٱللَّهِ
about Allah
غَيۡرَ
other than
ٱلۡحَقِّ
the truth
ظَنَّ
(the) thought
ٱلۡجَٰهِلِيَّةِۖ
(of) [the] ignorance
يَقُولُونَ
saying
هَل
Is (there)
لَّنَا
for us
مِنَ
from
ٱلۡأَمۡرِ
the matter
مِن
any
شَيۡءٖۗ
thing
قُلۡ
Say
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱلۡأَمۡرَ
the matter
كُلَّهُۥ
all (of) it
لِلَّهِۗ
(is) for Allah
يُخۡفُونَ
They hide
فِيٓ
in
أَنفُسِهِم
themselves
مَّا
what
لَا
not
يُبۡدُونَ
they reveal
لَكَۖ
to you
يَقُولُونَ
They say
لَوۡ
if
كَانَ
was
لَنَا
for us
مِنَ
from
ٱلۡأَمۡرِ
the matter
شَيۡءٞ
anything
مَّا
not
قُتِلۡنَا
we would have been killed
هَٰهُنَاۗ
here
قُل
Say
لَّوۡ
if
كُنتُمۡ
you were
فِي
in
بُيُوتِكُمۡ
your houses
لَبَرَزَ
surely (would have) come out
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كُتِبَ
was decreed
عَلَيۡهِمُ
upon them
ٱلۡقَتۡلُ
[the] death
إِلَىٰ
towards
مَضَاجِعِهِمۡۖ
their places of death
وَلِيَبۡتَلِيَ
And that might test
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَا
what
فِي
(is) in
صُدُورِكُمۡ
your breasts
وَلِيُمَحِّصَ
and that He may purge
مَا
what
فِي
(is) in
قُلُوبِكُمۡۚ
your hearts
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
عَلِيمُۢ
(is) All-Aware
بِذَاتِ
of what
ٱلصُّدُورِ
(is in) the breasts

Translation

After (the excitement) of the distress, He sent down calm on a band of you overcome with slumber, while another band was stirred to anxiety by their own feelings, Moved by wrong suspicions of Allah-suspicions due to ignorance. They said: "What affair is this of ours?" Say thou: "Indeed, this affair is wholly Allah's." They hide in their minds what they dare not reveal to thee. They say (to themselves): "If we had had anything to do with this affair, We should not have been in the slaughter here." Say: "Even if you had remained in your homes, those for whom death was decreed would certainly have gone forth to the place of their death"; but (all this was) that Allah might test what is in your breasts and purge what is in your hearts. For Allah knoweth well the secrets of your hearts.

Tafsir

Then He sent down upon you, after grief, security - a slumber (nu'aasan, 'slumber' substitutes for amanatan, 'security') overcoming (yaghshaa or taghshaa) a party of you, namely, the believers. They would become dizzy under their shields and their swords would fall from their hands; and a party whose own souls distressed them, that is, they caused them grief, so that their only wish was their deliverance, regardless of the Prophet and his Companions, and they were unable to fall asleep: these were the hypocrites; thinking wrongly of God, thoughts of, those thoughts during the, age of ignorance, the moment they thought that the Prophet had been killed or that he would not be given victory, saying, 'Have we any part whatever in the affair?' (read [interrogative] hal as [negative] maa) that is, [we have no part in] the assistance which we were promised. Say, to them: 'The affair belongs entirely (read accusative kullahu to denote an emphasis, or nominative kulluhu as a subject [of a new sentence], the predicate of which is [what follows]) to God', that is to say, the decree is His, He does what He wills. They conceal within their hearts what they do not disclose, what they [do not] manifest, to you, saying, (yaqooloona, 'saying', is an explication of the preceding [statement]) 'Had we had any part in the affair, we would not have been slain here', that is to say, 'Had the choice been ours, we would not have set out and thus been slain; but we were forced to set out'. Say, to them: 'Even if you had been in your houses, with some among you whom God had appointed that they be slain, those, of you, for whom it had been appointed, decreed, that they be slain would have sallied forth, would have gone forth, to the places where they were to lie', the battleground where they were to fall, and they would have been slain; and their staying put [at home] would not have saved them, for God's decree will be, inevitably. And, He did what He did at Uhud, that God might try, [that He might] test, what was in your breasts, your hearts, of sincerity or hypocrisy, and that He might prove, [that He might] distinguish, what was in your hearts; and God knows what is in the breasts, what is in the hearts. Nothing can be hidden from Him, and He tries people only to make [matters] manifest for them.

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