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Ayah
Word by Word
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
ءَامَنُوٓاْ
believe[d]!
إِن
If
تُطِيعُواْ
you obey
فَرِيقٗا
a group
مِّنَ
from
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
أُوتُواْ
were given
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
يَرُدُّوكُم
they will turn you back
بَعۡدَ
after
إِيمَٰنِكُمۡ
your belief
كَٰفِرِينَ
(as) disbelievers
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
ءَامَنُوٓاْ
believe[d]!
إِن
If
تُطِيعُواْ
you obey
فَرِيقٗا
a group
مِّنَ
from
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
أُوتُواْ
were given
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
يَرُدُّوكُم
they will turn you back
بَعۡدَ
after
إِيمَٰنِكُمۡ
your belief
كَٰفِرِينَ
(as) disbelievers
Translation
O ye who believe! If ye listen to a faction among the People of the Book, they would (indeed) render you apostates after ye have believed!
Tafsir
The following was revealed when the Jews passed by the Aws and the Khazraj and were infuriated by their comradeship, and set about reminding them of their mutual hostility in the days before Islam, such that they caused them to quarrel and the two [tribes] were on the verge of fighting one another: O you who believe, if you obey a party of those who have been given the Scripture, they will turn you, after you have believed, into disbelievers.
"
Chastising the People of the Book for Their Disbelief and Blocking the Path of Allah
Allah says,
قُلۡ يَا أَهۡلَ الۡكِتَابِ لِمَ تَكۡفُرُونَ بِأيَاتِ اللّهِ وَاللّهُ شَهِيدٌ عَلَى مَا تَعۡمَلُونَ
Say:""O People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Why do you reject the Ayat of Allah, while Allah is Witness to what you do!""
In this Ayah Allah criticizes the disbelieving People of the Book for refusing the truth, rejecting Allah's Ayat and hindering those who seek to believe from His path, although they know that what the Messenger was sent with is the truth from Allah.
قُلۡ يَا أَهۡلَ الۡكِتَابِ لِمَ تَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللّهِ مَنۡ امَنَ تَبۡغُونَهَا عِوَجًا وَأَنتُمۡ شُهَدَاء
Say:""O People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Why do you stop those who have believed, from the path of Allah, seeking to make it seem crooked, while you (yourselves) are witnesses!
They learned this from the previous Prophets and honorable Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on them all. They all brought the glad tidings and the good news of the coming of the unlettered, Arab, Hashimi Prophet from Makkah, the master of the Children of Adam, the Final Prophet and the Messenger of the Lord of heavens and earth.
وَمَا اللّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ
And Allah is not unaware of what you do.""
Allah has warned the People of the Book against this behavior, stating that He is Witness over what they do, indicating their defiance of the knowledge conveyed to them by the Prophets. They rejected, denied and refused the very Messenger whom they were ordered to convey the glad tidings about his coming. Allah states that He is never unaware of what they do, and He will hold them responsible for their actions,
يَوۡمَ لَا يَنفَعُ مَالٌ وَلَا بَنُونَ
(The Day whereon neither wealth nor sons will avail), (26:88).
Warning Muslims Against Imitating People of the Scriptures
Allah warns;
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوَاۡ إِن تُطِيعُواۡ فَرِيقًا مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواۡ الۡكِتَابَ يَرُدُّوكُم بَعۡدَ إِيمَانِكُمۡ كَافِرِينَ
O you who believe! If you obey a group of those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians), they would (indeed) render you disbelievers after you have believed!
Allah warns His believing servants against obeying the People of the Book, who envy the believers for the favor that Allah gave them by sending His Messenger.
Similarly, Allah said,
وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡكِتَـبِ لَوۡ يَرُدُّونَكُم مِن بَعۡدِ إِيمَـنِكُمۡ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِّنۡ عِنۡدِ أَنۡفُسِهِمۡ
Many of the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) wish that they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed, out of their own envy. (2:109)
In this Ayah (3:100) Allah said,
إِن تُطِيعُواۡ فَرِيقًا مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواۡ الۡكِتَابَ يَرُدُّوكُم بَعۡدَ إِيمَانِكُمۡ كَافِرِينَ
(If you obey a group of those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians), they would (indeed) render you disbelievers after you have believed!),
then said
وَكَيۡفَ تَكۡفُرُونَ وَأَنتُمۡ تُتۡلَى عَلَيۡكُمۡ ايَاتُ اللّهِ وَفِيكُمۡ رَسُولُهُ
And how would you disbelieve, while unto you are recited the verses of Allah, and among you is His Messenger,
meaning, disbelief is far from touching you, since the Ayat of Allah are being sent down on His Messenger day and night, and he recites and conveys them to you.
Similarly, Allah said,
وَمَا لَكُمۡ لَا تُوۡمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولُ يَدۡعُوكُمۡ لِتُوۡمِنُواۡ بِرَبِّكُمۡ وَقَدۡ أَخَذَ مِيثَـقَكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ مُّوۡمِنِينَ
And what is the matter with you that you believe not in Allah! While the Messenger invites you to believe in your Lord; and He has indeed taken your covenant, if you are real believers. (57:8)
A Hadith states that one day, the Prophet said to his Companions,
أَيُّ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ أَعۡجَبُ إِلَيۡكُمۡ إِيمَانًا
""Who among the faithful believers do you consider has the most amazing faith?""
They said, ""The angels.""
He said,
وَكَيۡفَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ وَهُمۡ عِنۡدَ رَبِّهِم
""Why would they not believe, since they are with their Lord?""
They mentioned the Prophets.
and the Prophet said,
وَكَيۡفَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ وَالۡوَحۡيُ يَنۡزِلُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ
""Why would they not believe while the revelation is sent down to them?""
They said, ""Then, we are.""
وَكَيۡفَ لَا تُوۡمِنُونَ وَأَنَا بَيۡنَ أَظۡهُرِكُمۡ
He said, ""Why would not you believe when I am among you?""
They asked, ""Who has the most amazing faith?""
قَوۡمٌ يَجِييُونَ مِنۡ بَعۡدِكُمۡ يَجِدُونَ صُحُفًا يُوۡمِنُونَ بِمَا فِيهَا
The Prophet said, ""A people who will come after you and who will find only books that they will believe in.""
Allah said next,
وَمَن يَعۡتَصِم بِاللّهِ فَقَدۡ هُدِيَ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ
And whoever depends upon Allah, then he is indeed guided to the right path.
for trusting and relying on Allah are the basis of achieving the right guidance and staying away from the path of wickedness. They also represent the tool to acquiring guidance and truth and achieving the righteous aims."
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