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Ayah
Word by Word
إِنَّ
Indeed
فِرۡعَوۡنَ
Firaun
عَلَا
exalted himself
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the land
وَجَعَلَ
and made
أَهۡلَهَا
its people
شِيَعٗا
(into) sects
يَسۡتَضۡعِفُ
oppressing
طَآئِفَةٗ
a group
مِّنۡهُمۡ
among them
يُذَبِّحُ
slaughtering
أَبۡنَآءَهُمۡ
their sons
وَيَسۡتَحۡيِۦ
and letting live
نِسَآءَهُمۡۚ
their women
إِنَّهُۥ
Indeed he
كَانَ
was
مِنَ
of
ٱلۡمُفۡسِدِينَ
the corrupters
إِنَّ
Indeed
فِرۡعَوۡنَ
Firaun
عَلَا
exalted himself
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the land
وَجَعَلَ
and made
أَهۡلَهَا
its people
شِيَعٗا
(into) sects
يَسۡتَضۡعِفُ
oppressing
طَآئِفَةٗ
a group
مِّنۡهُمۡ
among them
يُذَبِّحُ
slaughtering
أَبۡنَآءَهُمۡ
their sons
وَيَسۡتَحۡيِۦ
and letting live
نِسَآءَهُمۡۚ
their women
إِنَّهُۥ
Indeed he
كَانَ
was
مِنَ
of
ٱلۡمُفۡسِدِينَ
the corrupters
Translation
Truly Pharaoh elated himself in the land and broke up its people into sections, depressing a small group among them: their sons he slew, but he kept alive their females: for he was indeed a maker of mischief.
Tafsir
Truly Pharaoh had exalted himself in the land, the land of Egypt, and reduced its people into sects, groups, to serve him, oppressing a group of them, namely, the Israelites, slaughtering their sons, the newborn, and sparing their women, keeping them alive - for some of the [Egyptian] priests had told him, 'A new-born of the Israelites shall bring about the end of your kingdom'. Indeed he was of those who cause corruption, through [the use of] slaughter and otherwise.
Tafsir of Surah Al-Qasas
The Story of Musa and Fir`awn, and what Allah intended for Their Peoples
Allah says:
طسم
Ta Sin Mim.
We have already discussed the significance of the separate letters.
تِلۡكَ ايَاتُ الۡكِتَابِ الۡمُبِينِ
These are the Ayat of the manifest Book.
means the Book which is clear and makes plain the true reality of things, and tells us about what happened and what will happen
نَتۡلُوا عَلَيۡكَ مِن نَّبَإِ مُوسَى وَفِرۡعَوۡنَ بِالۡحَقِّ
We recite to you some of the news of Musa and Fir`awn in truth,
This is like the Ayah,
نَحۡنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيۡكَ أَحۡسَنَ الۡقَصَصِ
We relate unto you the best of stories. (12:3)
which means, `We tell you about things as they really were, as if you are there and are seeing them yourself.'
لِقَوۡمٍ يُوۡمِنُونَ
for a people who believe.
Then Allah says
إِنَّ فِرۡعَوۡنَ عَلَ فِي الاَۡرۡضِ
Verily, Fir`awn exalted himself in the land,
means, he was an arrogant oppressor and tyrant.
وَجَعَلَ أَهۡلَهَا شِيَعًا
and made its people Shiya`,
means, he made them into different classes, each of which he used to do whatever he wanted of the affairs of his state.
يَسۡتَضۡعِفُ طَايِفَةً مِّنۡهُمۡ
weakening a group among them.
This refers to the Children of Israel, who at that time were the best of people, even though this tyrant king overpowered them, using them to do the most menial work and forcing them to hard labor night and day for him and his people.
يُذَبِّحُ أَبۡنَاءهُمۡ وَيَسۡتَحۡيِي نِسَاءهُمۡ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الۡمُفۡسِدِينَ
weakening a group among them:killing their sons, and letting their females live. Verily, he was of the mischief-makers.
At the same time, he was killing their sons and letting their daughters live, to humiliate them and because he feared that there might appear among them the boy who would be the cause of his destruction and the downfall of his kingdom. So Fir`awn took precautions against that happening, by ordering that all boys born to the Children of Israel should be killed, but this precaution did not protect him against the divine decree, because when the term of Allah comes, it cannot be delayed, and for each and every matter there is a decree from Allah.
Allah says:
وَنُرِيدُ أَن نَّمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسۡتُضۡعِفُوا فِي الاَۡرۡضِ وَنَجۡعَلَهُمۡ أَيِمَّةً وَنَجۡعَلَهُمُ الۡوَارِثِينَ
وَنُمَكِّنَ لَهُمۡ فِي الاَۡرۡضِ وَنُرِي فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَهَامَانَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا مِنۡهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَحۡذَرُونَ
And We wished to do a favor to those who were weak in the land, and to make them rulers and to make them the inheritors, And to establish them in the land, and We let Fir`awn and Haman and their armies receive from them that which they feared.
And Allah did indeed do this to them, as He says:
وَأَوۡرَثۡنَا الۡقَوۡمَ الَّذِينَ كَانُواۡ يُسۡتَضۡعَفُونَ مَشَارِقَ الَارۡضِ وَمَغَارِبَهَا الَّتِي بَارَكۡنَا فِيهَا وَتَمَّتۡ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ الۡحُسۡنَى عَلَى بَنِي إِسۡرَايِيلَ بِمَا صَبَرُواۡ وَدَمَّرۡنَا مَا كَانَ يَصۡنَعُ فِرۡعَوۡنُ وَقَوۡمُهُ وَمَا كَانُواۡ يَعۡرِشُونَ
And We made the people who were considered weak to inherit the eastern parts of the land and the western parts thereof which We have blessed. And the fair Word of your Lord was fulfilled for the Children of Israel, because of their endurance. And We destroyed what Fir`awn and his people produced, and what they erected. (7:137)
And Allah said:
كَذَلِكَ وَأَوۡرَثۡنَـهَا بَنِى إِسۡرَءِيلَ
Thus and We caused the Children of Israel to inherit them. (26:59)
Fir`awn hoped that by his strength and power he would be saved from Musa, but that did not help him in the slightest. Despite his great power as a king he could not oppose the decree of Allah, which can never be overcome.
On the contrary, Allah's ruling was carried out, for it had been written and decreed from past eternity that Fir`awn would meet his doom at the hands of Musa.
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