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Ayah
Word by Word
أَلَآ
No doubt!
إِنَّ
Indeed
لِلَّهِ
to Allah (belongs)
مَا
whatever
فِي
(is) in
ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
the heavens
وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ
and the earth
قَدۡ
Verily
يَعۡلَمُ
He knows
مَآ
what
أَنتُمۡ
you
عَلَيۡهِ
(are) on [it]
وَيَوۡمَ
And (the) Day
يُرۡجَعُونَ
they will be returned
إِلَيۡهِ
to Him
فَيُنَبِّئُهُم
then He will inform them
بِمَا
of what
عَمِلُواْۗ
they did
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
بِكُلِّ
of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمُۢ
(is) All-Knower
أَلَآ
No doubt!
إِنَّ
Indeed
لِلَّهِ
to Allah (belongs)
مَا
whatever
فِي
(is) in
ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
the heavens
وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ
and the earth
قَدۡ
Verily
يَعۡلَمُ
He knows
مَآ
what
أَنتُمۡ
you
عَلَيۡهِ
(are) on [it]
وَيَوۡمَ
And (the) Day
يُرۡجَعُونَ
they will be returned
إِلَيۡهِ
to Him
فَيُنَبِّئُهُم
then He will inform them
بِمَا
of what
عَمِلُواْۗ
they did
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
بِكُلِّ
of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمُۢ
(is) All-Knower
Translation
Be quite sure that to Allah doth belong whatever is in the heavens and on earth. Well doth He know what ye are intent upon: and one day they will be brought back to Him, and He will tell them the truth of what they did: for Allah doth know all things.
Tafsir
Lo! surely to God belongs all that is in the skies and the earth, by way of possession, creation and servitude. He is ever aware of how you, O you who are obligated to [the prescriptions of] the Law, are behaving, with regard to faith or hypocrisy, and, He knows, the day when they shall be returned to Him (there is a shift here from the second person address [to that of the third person]), in other words, [He knows] when this [day] will be - He will inform them, thereupon, of what they did, of good and evil, and God is Knower of all things, which they do and otherwise.
Eating from One's Relatives' Houses
Allah says:
لَيۡسَ عَلَى الاَۡعۡمَى حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الاَۡعۡرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الۡمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ
There is no restriction on the blind, nor any restriction on the lame, nor any restriction on the sick,
What is referred to here is the fact that they used to feel too embarrassed to eat with the blind, because they could not see the food or where the best morsels were, so others might take the best pieces before they could.
They felt too embarrassed to eat with the lame because they could not sit comfortably, and their companions might take advantage of them, and they felt embarrassed to eat with the sick because they might not eat as much as others. So they were afraid to eat with them lest they were unfair to them in some way.
Then Allah revealed this Ayah, granting them a dispensation in this matter.
This was the view of Sa`id bin Jubayr and Miqsam.
Ad-Dahhak said:
Before the Prophet's Mission, they used to feel too embarrassed and too proud to eat with these people, lest they might have to help them. So Allah revealed this Ayah.
Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Mujahid said:
A man would take a blind, lame or sick person to the house of his brother or sister or aunt, and those disabled people would feel ashamed of that and say, `they are taking us to other people's houses.' So this Ayah was revealed granting permission for that.
As-Suddi said:
A man would enter the house of his father or brother or son, and the lady of the house would bring him some food, but he would refrain from eating because the master of the house was not there, so Allah revealed:
لَيۡسَ عَلَى الاَۡعۡمَى حَرَجٌ
(There is no restriction on the blind...).
وَلَا عَلَى أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَن تَأۡكُلُوا مِن بُيُوتِكُمۡ
nor on yourselves, if you eat from your houses,
This is stated here although it is obvious, so that from this starting point the houses of others may be mentioned, and to make it clear that the ruling applies equally to what comes after.
Sons' houses are included in this even though they are not mentioned by name, and this is used as evidence by those who regard the son's wealth as being like the father's wealth.
In the Musnad and the Sunan, it is reported through several routes that the Messenger of Allah said:
أَنۡتَ وَمَالُكَ لاَِبِيكَ
You and your wealth belong to your father.
أَوۡ بُيُوتِ ابَايِكُمۡ أَوۡ بُيُوتِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمۡ أَوۡ بُيُوتِ إِخۡوَانِكُمۡ أَوۡ بُيُوتِ أَخَوَاتِكُمۡ أَوۡ بُيُوتِ أَعۡمَامِكُمۡ أَوۡ بُيُوتِ عَمَّاتِكُمۡ أَوۡ بُيُوتِ أَخۡوَالِكُمۡ أَوۡ بُيُوتِ خَالَاتِكُمۡ أَوۡ مَا مَلَكۡتُم مَّفَاتِحَهُ
or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your father's brothers, or the houses of your father's sisters, or the houses of your mother's brothers, or the houses of your mother's sisters, or (from that) whereof you hold keys,
This is obvious, and this is used as evidence by those who think that it is obligatory for relatives to spend on one another.
أَوۡ مَا مَلَكۡتُم مَّفَاتِحَهُ
or (from that) whereof you hold keys,
Sa`id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi said,
This refers to a people's servants, whether a slave or otherwise. There is nothing wrong with them eating from the food that is stored with them, within reason.
Az-Zuhri narrated from Urwah that A'isha, may Allah be pleased with her, said,
The Muslims used to go out on military campaigns with the Messenger of Allah and they would give their keys to people they trusted and say, `We permit you to eat whatever you need.'
But they would say, `It is not permissible for us to eat, they have given us permission reluctantly and we are only trustees.'
Then Allah revealed:
أَوۡ مَا مَلَكۡتُم مَّفَاتِحَهُ
(or (from that) whereof you hold keys).
أَوۡ صَدِيقِكُمۡ
or (from the house) of a friend.
means, there is no sin on you if you eat from their houses, so long as you know that this does not upset them and they do not dislike it.
لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَأۡكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوۡ أَشۡتَاتًا
No sin on you whether you eat together or apart.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas concerning this Ayah,
When Allah revealed the Ayah:
يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ لَا تَأۡكُلُواۡ أَمۡوَلَكُمۡ بَيۡنَكُمۡ بِالۡبَـطِلِ
O you who believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly, (4:29)
the Muslims said, `Allah has forbidden us to eat up our property among ourselves unjustly, and food is the best of property, so it is not permissible for anyone among us to eat at the house of anyone else.' So the people stopped doing that.
Then Allah revealed:
لَيۡسَ عَلَى الاَۡعۡمَى حَرَجٌ
(There is no restriction on the blind,) until His statement;
أَوۡ صَدِيقِكُمۡ
(or (from the house) of a friend).
A man would also feel embarrassed and would refrain from eating alone until someone else came along, but Allah made the matter easier for them and said:
لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَأۡكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوۡ أَشۡتَاتًا
(No sin on you whether you eat together or apart).
Qatadah said,
This was a clan of Banu Kinanah who during the Jahiliyyah thought that it was a source of shame for one of them to eat alone, to such an extent that a man might keep on driving his laden camel even though he was hungry, until he could find someone to eat and drink with him. Then Allah revealed:
لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَأۡكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوۡ أَشۡتَاتًا
(No sin on you whether you eat together or apart).
So this was a dispensation from Allah, allowing people to eat either alone or with others, even though eating with others is more blessed and is better.
Imam Ahmad recorded from Wahshi bin Harb from his father from his grandfather that a man said to the Prophet,
We eat but we do not feel satisfied.
He said:
لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَأۡكُلُونَ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ اجۡتَمِعُوا عَلَى طَعَامِكُمۡ وَاذۡكُرُوا اسۡمَ اللهِ يُبَارَكۡ لَكُمۡ فِيهِ
Perhaps you are eating separately. Eat together and mention the Name of Allah, and He will bless the food for you.
It was also recorded by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah.
Ibn Majah also recorded that Salim reported from his father from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah said:
كُلُوا جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا فَإِنَّ الۡبَرَكَةَ مَعَ الۡجَمَاعَةِ
Eat together and not separately, for the blessing is in being together.
فَإِذَا دَخَلۡتُم بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنفُسِكُمۡ
But when you enter the houses, greet one another,
تَحِيَّةً مِّنۡ عِندِ اللَّهِ مُبَارَكَةً طَيِّبَةً
with a greeting from Allah, blessed and good.
Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qatadah and Az-Zuhri said,
This means greet one another with Salam.
Ibn Jurayj narrated that Abu Az-Zubayr said,
I heard Jabir bin Abdullah say,
`When you enter upon your family, greet them with a greeting from Allah, blessed and good.'
He said, `I do not think it is anything but obligatory.'
Ibn Jurayj said:
And Ziyad said that Ibn Tawus used to say:
`When any one of you enters his house, let him say Salam.'
Mujahid said:
And when you enter the Masjid, say:`Peace be upon the Messenger of Allah';
when you enter upon your families, greet them with Salam; and
when you enter a house in which there is nobody, say:`As-Salamu `Alayna wa Ala Ibad-Allah-is-Salihin (peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah).'
This is what one is commanded to do, and it has been narrated to us that the angels will return his greeting.
كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الاۡيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُون
Thus Allah makes clear the Ayat to you that you may understand.
When Allah mentioned what wise rulings and reasonable, well-constructed laws are contained in this Surah, He points out to His servants that He explains the Ayat to them clearly so that they may ponder them and understand their meanings
Asking Permission to leave when They are doing something together
Allah says:
إِنَّمَا الۡمُوۡمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمۡرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمۡ يَذۡهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسۡتَأۡذِنُوهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسۡتَأۡذِنُونَكَ أُوۡلَيِكَ الَّذِينَ يُوۡمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِذَا اسۡتَأۡذَنُوكَ لِبَعۡضِ شَأۡنِهِمۡ فَأۡذَن لِّمَن شِيۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ وَاسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
The believers are only those who believe in Allah and His Messenger; and when they are with him on some common matter, they go not away until they have asked his permission. Verily, those who ask your permission, those are they who (really) believe in Allah and His Messenger. So if they ask your permission for some affairs of theirs, give permission to whom you will of them, and ask Allah for their forgiveness. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
This is another matter of etiquette to which Allah has guided His believing servants. Just as He commanded them to seek permission when entering, He also commanded them to seek permission when leaving, especially when they are doing something together with the Messenger, such as the Friday, `Id, or congregational prayers, or a meeting for the purpose of consultation and so on.
Allah commanded them not to leave him in these situations until they had asked his permission. If they did this, then they were of the true believers. Then Allah commanded His Messenger to give permission when someone asked for it, if he wanted to.
He said:
شَأۡنِهِمۡ فَأۡذَن لِّمَن شِيۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ وَاسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ
give permission to whom you will of them, and ask Allah for their forgiveness.
Abu Dawud reported that Abu Hurayrah said,
The Messenger of Allah said:
إِذَا انۡتَهَى أَحَدُكُمۡ إِلَى الۡمَجۡلِسِ فَلۡيُسَلِّمۡ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنۡ يَقُومَ فَلۡيُسَلِّمۡ فَلَيۡسَتِ الاُۡولَى بِأَحَقَّ مِنَ الاۡخِرَةِ
When any of you joins a gathering, let him say Salam, and when he wants to leave, let him say Salam. The former is not more important than the latter.
This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i;
At-Tirmidhi said:It is a Hasan Hadith.
The Etiquette of addressing the Prophet
Allah says:
لَاا تَجۡعَلُوا دُعَاء الرَّسُولِ بَيۡنَكُمۡ كَدُعَاء بَعۡضِكُم بَعۡضًا
Make not the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling one of another.
Ad-Dahhak said, reporting from Ibn Abbas:
They used to say, `O Muhammad,' or `O Abu Al-Qasim,' but Allah forbade them to do that, as a sign of respect towards His Prophet, and told them to say, `O Prophet of Allah,' `O Messenger of Allah.'
This was also the view of Mujahid and Sa`id bin Jubayr.
Qatadah said:
Allah commanded that His Prophet should be treated with respect and honor, and that he should be a leader.
Muqatil said concerning the Ayah:
لَاا تَجۡعَلُوا دُعَاء الرَّسُولِ بَيۡنَكُمۡ كَدُعَاء بَعۡضِكُم بَعۡضًا
(Make not the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling one of another).
When you address him, do not say, `O Muhammad,' or `O son of `Abdullah'; rather honor him and say, `O Prophet of Allah,' or, `O Messenger of Allah.'
لَاا تَجۡعَلُوا دُعَاء الرَّسُولِ بَيۡنَكُمۡ كَدُعَاء بَعۡضِكُم بَعۡضًا
Make not the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling one of another.
A second view concerning the meaning of the Ayah is that it means
`do not think that if he prays against you it is like when anyone else prays against you, because his prayers will be answered; so beware lest he prays against you and you will be doomed.'
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this from Ibn Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Atiyyah Al-`Awfi.
And Allah knows best.
قَدۡ يَعۡلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنكُمۡ لِوَاذًا
Allah knows those of you who slip away under shelter.
Muqatil bin Hayyan said,
This refers to the hypocrites who used to find it too difficult to listen to the Khutbah on Fridays, so they would hide behind some of the Companions of Muhammad and sneak out of the Masjid.
It was not proper for a man to leave on Fridays once the Khutbah began, unless he had permission from the Prophet. If one of them wanted to leave, he would make a gesture to the Prophet with his finger, and the Prophet would give permission without the man speaking. This is because if the Prophet was giving the Khutbah and a man spoke, it would invalidate his Friday prayer. As-Suddi said, If they were with him for a congregational prayer, they would hide behind one another so that he could not see them.
The Prohibition of going against the Messenger's Commandment
Then Allah says:
فَلۡيَحۡذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنۡ أَمۡرِهِ
And let those beware who oppose the Messenger's commandment,
This means going against the commandment of the Prophet, which is his way, methodology and Sunnah. All words and deeds will be measured against his words and deeds; those that are in accordance with his words and deeds will be accepted, and whatever does not match up will be rejected, no matter who the person is who said and did them.
It was recorded in the Two Sahihs and elsewhere that the Messenger of Allah said:
مَنۡ عَمِلَ عَمَلً لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡهِ أَمۡرُنَا فَهُوَ رَدٌّ
Whoever does a deed that is not in accordance with this matter of ours will have it rejected.
meaning, let those beware who go against the Shariah of the Messenger, in secret and in the open,
أَن تُصِيبَهُمۡ فِتۡنَةٌ
lest some Fitnah should befall them,
i.e., lest some disbelief or hypocrisy or innovation enter their hearts.
أَوۡ يُصِيبَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
or a painful torment be inflicted on them.
means in this world afflicting them with capital punishment, or by law of prescribed punishment, or by confinement in prison, or so on.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said,
The Messenger of Allah said:
مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُكُمۡ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ اسۡتَوۡقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتۡ مَا حَوۡلَهَا جَعَلَ الۡفَرَاشُ وَهَذِهِ الدَّوَابُّ اللَّيِي يَقَعۡنَ فِي النَّارِ يَقَعۡنَ فِيهَا وَجَعَلَ يَحۡجُزُهُنَّ وَيَغۡلِبۡنَهُ فَيَقۡتَحِمۡنَ فِيهَا قَالَ فَذَلِكَ مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُكُمۡ أَنَا اخِذٌ بِحُجَزِكُمۡ عَنِ النَّارِ هَلُمَّ عَنِ النَّارِ فَتَغۡلِبُونِي وَتَقۡتَحِمُونَ فِيهَا
The parable of me and you is as the example of a man who kindled a fire and when it illuminated all around him, moths and other creatures started falling into the fire, and he was trying to stop them but they overwhelmed him and still kept falling in. This is the parable of me and you. I am trying to restrain you and keep you away from the fire, but you overwhelm me and fall in.
This was also narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim
Allah knows your Condition
Allah says:
أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَۡرۡضِ
Certainly, to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth.
Allah tells us that He is the Sovereign of the heavens and the earth, and He knows the seen and the unseen. He knows what His servants do in secret and in the open.
So He says:
قَدۡ يَعۡلَمُ مَا أَنتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ
Indeed, He knows your condition,
He knows and it is visible to Him, and not one iota is hidden from him.
This is like the Ayah:
وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى الۡعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ
الَّذِي يَرَاكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ
وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي السَّاجِدِينَ
إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الۡعَلِيمُ
And put your trust in the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful, Who sees you when you stand up. And your movements among those who fall prostrate. Verily, He, only He, is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower. (26:217-220)
وَمَا تَكُونُ فِى شَأۡنٍ وَمَا تَتۡلُواۡ مِنۡهُ مِن قُرۡءَانٍ وَلَا تَعۡمَلُونَ مِنۡ عَمَلٍ إِلاَّ كُنَّا عَلَيۡكُمۡ شُهُودًا إِذۡ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ وَمَا يَعۡزُبُ عَن رَّبِّكَ مِن مِّثۡقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرۡضِ وَلَا فِى السَّمَأءِ وَلَا أَصۡغَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ وَلا أَكۡبَرَ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ
Neither you do any deed nor recite any portion of the Qur'an, nor you do any deed but We are Witness thereof when you are doing it. And nothing is hidden from your Lord; (even) the weight of a speck of dust on the earth or in the heaven. Not what is less than that or what is greater than that but is in a Clear Record. (10:61)
أَفَمَنۡ هُوَ قَأيِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفۡسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ
Is then He Who takes charge of every person and knows all that he has earned. (13:33)
He sees all that His servants do, good and evil alike.
And Allah says:
أَلا حِينَ يَسۡتَغۡشُونَ ثِيَابَهُمۡ يَعۡلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعۡلِنُونَ
Surely, even when they cover themselves with their garments, He knows what they conceal and what they reveal. (11:5)
سَوَاءٌ مِّنۡكُمۡ مَّنۡ أَسَرَّ الۡقَوۡلَ وَمَنۡ جَهَرَ بِهِ
It is the same (to Him) whether any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly). (13:10)
وَمَا مِن دَابَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرۡضِ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزۡقُهَا وَيَعۡلَمُ مُسۡتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسۡتَوۡدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ
And no moving creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allah. And He knows its dwelling place and its deposit. All is in a Clear Book. (11:6)
وَعِندَهُ مَفَاتِحُ الۡغَيۡبِ لَا يَعۡلَمُهَأ إِلاَّ هُوَ وَيَعۡلَمُ مَا فِى الۡبَرِّ وَالۡبَحۡرِ وَمَا تَسۡقُطُ مِن وَرَقَةٍ إِلاَّ يَعۡلَمُهَا وَلَا حَبَّةٍ فِى ظُلُمَـتِ الاٌّرۡضِ وَلَا رَطۡبٍ وَلَا يَابِسٍ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَـبٍ مُّبِينٍ
And with Him are the keys of the Unseen, none knows them but He. And He knows whatever there is in the land and in the sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record. (6:59)
And there are many Ayat and Hadiths which say similar things.
وَيَوۡمَ يُرۡجَعُونَ إِلَيۡهِ
the Day when they will be brought back to Him,
means, the day when all creatures will be brought back to Allah, which is the Day of Resurrection.
فَيُنَبِّيُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا
then He will inform them of what they did.
means, He will tell them everything they did in this life, major and minor, significant and insignificant.
As Allah says:
يُنَبَّأُ الاِنسَـنُ يَوۡمَيِذِ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ
On that Day man will be informed of what he sent forward (of deeds), and what he left behind. (75:13)
وَوُضِعَ الۡكِتَـبُ فَتَرَى الۡمُجۡرِمِينَ مُشۡفِقِينَ مِمَّا فِيهِ وَيَقُولُونَ يوَيۡلَتَنَا مَا لِهَـذَا الۡكِتَـبِ لَا يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً إِلاَّ أَحۡصَاهَا وَوَجَدُواۡ مَا عَمِلُواۡ حَاضِرًا وَلَا يَظۡلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا
And the Book will be placed, and you will see the criminals, fearful of that which is therein. They will say:Woe to us! What sort of Book is this that leaves neither a small thing nor a big thing, but has recorded it with numbers!
And they will find all that they did, placed before them, and your Lord treats no one with injustice. (18:49)
Allah says here:
وَيَوۡمَ يُرۡجَعُونَ إِلَيۡهِ فَيُنَبِّيُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا
وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ
the Day when they will be brought back to Him, then He will inform them of what they did. And Allah is All-Knower of everything.
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all that exists, and we ask Him to help us achieve perfection.
The end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Nur. All praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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