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Ayah

Word by Word
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
نُورُ
(is the) Light
ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
(of) the heavens
وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ
and the earth
مَثَلُ
(The) example
نُورِهِۦ
(of) His Light
كَمِشۡكَوٰةٖ
(is) like a niche
فِيهَا
in it
مِصۡبَاحٌۖ
(is) a lamp
ٱلۡمِصۡبَاحُ
the lamp
فِي
(is) in
زُجَاجَةٍۖ
a glass
ٱلزُّجَاجَةُ
the glass
كَأَنَّهَا
as if it were
كَوۡكَبٞ
a star
دُرِّيّٞ
brilliant
يُوقَدُ
(which) is lit
مِن
from
شَجَرَةٖ
a tree
مُّبَٰرَكَةٖ
blessed
زَيۡتُونَةٖ
an olive
لَّا
not
شَرۡقِيَّةٖ
(of the) east
وَلَا
and not
غَرۡبِيَّةٖ
(of the) west
يَكَادُ
would almost
زَيۡتُهَا
its oil
يُضِيٓءُ
glow
وَلَوۡ
even if
لَمۡ
not
تَمۡسَسۡهُ
touched it
نَارٞۚ
fire
نُّورٌ
Light
عَلَىٰ
upon
نُورٖۚ
Light
يَهۡدِي
Allah guides
ٱللَّهُ
Allah guides
لِنُورِهِۦ
to His Light
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُۚ
He wills
وَيَضۡرِبُ
And Allah sets forth
ٱللَّهُ
And Allah sets forth
ٱلۡأَمۡثَٰلَ
the examples
لِلنَّاسِۗ
for the mankind
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
بِكُلِّ
of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمٞ
(is) All-Knower
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
نُورُ
(is the) Light
ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
(of) the heavens
وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ
and the earth
مَثَلُ
(The) example
نُورِهِۦ
(of) His Light
كَمِشۡكَوٰةٖ
(is) like a niche
فِيهَا
in it
مِصۡبَاحٌۖ
(is) a lamp
ٱلۡمِصۡبَاحُ
the lamp
فِي
(is) in
زُجَاجَةٍۖ
a glass
ٱلزُّجَاجَةُ
the glass
كَأَنَّهَا
as if it were
كَوۡكَبٞ
a star
دُرِّيّٞ
brilliant
يُوقَدُ
(which) is lit
مِن
from
شَجَرَةٖ
a tree
مُّبَٰرَكَةٖ
blessed
زَيۡتُونَةٖ
an olive
لَّا
not
شَرۡقِيَّةٖ
(of the) east
وَلَا
and not
غَرۡبِيَّةٖ
(of the) west
يَكَادُ
would almost
زَيۡتُهَا
its oil
يُضِيٓءُ
glow
وَلَوۡ
even if
لَمۡ
not
تَمۡسَسۡهُ
touched it
نَارٞۚ
fire
نُّورٌ
Light
عَلَىٰ
upon
نُورٖۚ
Light
يَهۡدِي
Allah guides
ٱللَّهُ
Allah guides
لِنُورِهِۦ
to His Light
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُۚ
He wills
وَيَضۡرِبُ
And Allah sets forth
ٱللَّهُ
And Allah sets forth
ٱلۡأَمۡثَٰلَ
the examples
لِلنَّاسِۗ
for the mankind
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
بِكُلِّ
of every
شَيۡءٍ
thing
عَلِيمٞ
(is) All-Knower

Translation

Allāh is the Light1 of the heavens and the earth. The example of His light2 is like a niche within which is a lamp;3 the lamp is within glass, the glass as if it were a pearly [white] star lit from [the oil of] a blessed olive tree, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would almost glow even if untouched by fire. Light upon light. Allāh guides to His light whom He wills. And Allāh presents examples for the people, and Allāh is Knowing of all things.
Footnotes
1 i.e., the source and bestower of light and enlightenment.
2 His guidance in the heart of a believing servant.
3 Literally, "a burning wick," which is the essence of a lamp.

Tafsir

God is the Light of the skies and the earth, in other words, He illumines both of them with the sun and the moon. The likeness of His Light, that is, the description of it [as it resides] in the heart of a believer, is as a niche wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in a glass - this [glass] is the [case for the] lantern and the misbaah is the torch, that is, the wick that is lit; al-mishkaat is a recess that does not penetrate [to the other side], in other words, the tube inside the lantern, the glass, with the light inside it [is], as it were a glittering star, that is, a light-giving [star] (read dirree'un or durree'un, derived from al-dar', 'to repel', because it repels darkness; or read durriyyun, derived from al-durr, 'pearls') kindled, is this lamp (read past tense tawaqqada; a variant reading has the imperfect tense of awqada, in the passive voice: yooqadu; another reading has tooqadu, in which case the reference is to al-zujaaja, 'the glass') from, the oil of, a Blessed Tree, an olive neither of the east nor of the west, but in between the two, so that no harmful cold or heat affects it; whose oil would almost glow forth [of itself], though no fire touched it, because of [the extent of] its purity. Light, by Him, upon light, by fire; the light of God is His guidance of the believer, light upon the light of faith. God guides to His Light, that is, [to] the religion of Islam, whom He will. And God strikes, He illustrates, similitudes for men, by approximating [such similitudes] to their comprehension, so that they might take heed and believe; and God is Knower of all things, including [knowledge of] how to strike similitudes.

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