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Ayah
Word by Word
بَلۡ
Nay
قَالُوٓاْ
they say
أَضۡغَٰثُ
Muddled
أَحۡلَٰمِ
dreams
بَلِ
nay
ٱفۡتَرَىٰهُ
he (has) invented it
بَلۡ
nay
هُوَ
he
شَاعِرٞ
(is) a poet
فَلۡيَأۡتِنَا
So let him bring us
بِـَٔايَةٖ
a sign
كَمَآ
like what
أُرۡسِلَ
was sent
ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ
(to) the former
بَلۡ
Nay
قَالُوٓاْ
they say
أَضۡغَٰثُ
Muddled
أَحۡلَٰمِ
dreams
بَلِ
nay
ٱفۡتَرَىٰهُ
he (has) invented it
بَلۡ
nay
هُوَ
he
شَاعِرٞ
(is) a poet
فَلۡيَأۡتِنَا
So let him bring us
بِـَٔايَةٖ
a sign
كَمَآ
like what
أُرۡسِلَ
was sent
ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ
(to) the former
Translation
"Nay," they say, "(these are) medleys of dream! - Nay, He forged it! - Nay, He is (but) a poet! Let him then bring us a Sign like the ones that were sent to (Prophets) of old!"
Tafsir
Nay (bal, in the three instances [below] effects a transition from one subject to another) but they say, regarding those parts of Al-Qur'an he [the Prophet] has brought [to them] are: 'A muddle of nightmares, a confusion [of things] he has seen in [his] sleep. Nay, he has fabricated it, he has invented it; nay, he is a poet, and what he has brought is [merely] poetry! So let him bring us a sign, such as was sent to the ancients', like the she-camel [Saalih], the staff and the [glowing] hand [of Moses]. God, exalted be He, says:
Tafsir of Surah Al-Anbiya
The Hour is at hand but People are heedless
Allah says:
اقۡتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمۡ وَهُمۡ فِي غَفۡلَةٍ مَّعۡرِضُونَ
Draws near for mankind their reckoning, while they turn away in heedlessness.
This is a warning from Allah of the approach of the Hour, and that people are heedless of it, i.e., they are not working for it or preparing for it.
An-Nasa'i recorded that Abu Sa`id reported from the Prophet:
فِي غَفۡلَةٍ مَّعۡرِضُونَ
(while they turn away in heedlessness), he said,
فِي الدُّنۡيَا
(in this world).
Allah says:
أَتَى أَمۡرُ اللَّهِ فَلَ تَسۡتَعۡجِلُوهُ
The Event ordained by Allah will come to pass, so seek not to hasten it. (16:1)
اقۡتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانشَقَّ الۡقَمَرُ
وَإِن يَرَوۡاۡ ءَايَةً يُعۡرِضُواۡ
The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder. And if they see a sign, they turn away. (54:1-2)
Then Allah states that they do not listen to the revelation (Wahy) that He sends down to His Messenger, which is addressed to the Quraysh and all disbelievers like them
مَا يَأۡتِيهِم مِّن ذِكۡرٍ مَّن رَّبِّهِم مُّحۡدَثٍ
Comes not unto them an admonition from their Lord as a recent revelation,
meaning, newly-revealed,
إِلاَّ اسۡتَمَعُوهُ وَهُمۡ يَلۡعَبُونَ
لَااهِيَةً قُلُوبُهُمۡ
but they listen to it while they play. With their hearts occupied.
This is like what Ibn Abbas said,
Why do you ask the People of the Book about what they have, which has been altered and distorted, and they have added things and taken things away, when your Book is the most recently revealed from Allah, and you read it pure and unadulterated
Al-Bukhari recorded something similar to this.
وَأَسَرُّواۡ النَّجۡوَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواۡ
Those who do wrong, conceal their private counsels,
meaning, what they say to one another in secret.
هَلۡ هَذَا إِلاَّ بَشَرٌ مِّثۡلُكُمۡ
Is this more than a human being like you!
meaning, the Messenger of Allah.
They did not believe that he could be a Prophet because he was a human being like them, so how could he have been singled out to receive revelation, and not them!
They said:
...
أَفَتَأۡتُونَ السِّحۡرَ وَأَنتُمۡ تُبۡصِرُونَ
Will you submit to magic while you see it!
meaning, will you follow him and be like one who submits to magic when he knows that it is magic!
Allah said in response to their fabrications and lies:
قَالَ رَبِّي يَعۡلَمُ الۡقَوۡلَ فِي السَّمَاء وَالَارۡضِ
He said:My Lord knows what is said in the heavens and on earth...
Nothing at all is hidden from the One Who knows that, and He is the One Who reveals this Qur'an which contains news of the earliest and last generations. No one can produce the like of this except the One Who knows all the secrets of the heavens and the earth.
وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الۡعَلِيمُ
And He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.
means, He hears all that they say and He knows all their circumstances.
This is a warning and a threat to them.
The Disbelievers' Ideas about the Qur'an and the Messenger; their demand for a Sign and the Refutation of that:
Allah says
بَلۡ قَالُواۡ أَضۡغَاثُ أَحۡلَمٍ بَلِ افۡتَرَاهُ بَلۡ هُوَ شَاعِرٌ
Nay, they say:These are mixed up false dreams!
Nay, he has invented it! -- Nay, he is a poet!
Here Allah tells us of the stubbornness and heresy of the disbelievers, and the various things they said about the Qur'an, and how they were confused and misguided about it. Sometimes they described it as magic, and sometimes they described it as poetry, or mixed up false dreams, or a fabrication.
As Allah says:
انۡظُرۡ كَيۡفَ ضَرَبُواۡ لَكَ الاٌّمۡثَالَ فَضَلُّواۡ فَلَ يَسۡتَطِيعۡونَ سَبِيلً
See what examples they have put forward for you. So they have gone astray, and never can they find a way. (17:48)
فَلۡيَأۡتِنَا بِأيَةٍ كَمَا أُرۡسِلَ الَاوَّلُونَ
Let him then bring us an Ayah like the ones that were sent before!
They were referring to the she-camel of Salih, and the signs of Musa and `Isa.
And Allah says,
وَمَا مَنَعَنَأ أَن نُّرۡسِلَ بِالاٌّيَـتِ إِلاَّ أَن كَذَّبَ بِهَا الاٌّوَّلُونَ
And nothing stops Us from sending the Ayat but that the people of old denied them. (17:59)
So Allah said here:
مَا امَنَتۡ قَبۡلَهُم مِّن قَرۡيَةٍ أَهۡلَكۡنَاهَا أَفَهُمۡ يُوۡمِنُونَ
Not one of the towns of those which We destroyed, believed before them; will they then believe!
None of the peoples to whom Messengers were sent were given a sign at the hands of their Prophet and believed. On the contrary, they disbelieved and We destroyed them as a result. Would these people believe in a sign if they ﷺ it! Not at all!
In fact,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ
وَلَوۡ جَأءَتۡهُمۡ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ حَتَّى يَرَوُاۡ الۡعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ
Truly, those, against whom the Word of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful torment. (10:96-97)
Indeed, they witnessed clear signs and definitive proof at the hands of the Messenger of Allah, signs which were far clearer and more overwhelming than any that had been witnessed in the case of any other Prophet, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon them all.
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