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Ayah
Word by Word
يَعۡلَمُ
He knows
مَا
what
بَيۡنَ
(is) before them
أَيۡدِيهِمۡ
(is) before them
وَمَا
and what
خَلۡفَهُمۡ
(is) behind them
وَلَا
and not
يَشۡفَعُونَ
they (can) intercede
إِلَّا
except
لِمَنِ
for whom
ٱرۡتَضَىٰ
He approves
وَهُم
And they
مِّنۡ
from
خَشۡيَتِهِۦ
fear of Him
مُشۡفِقُونَ
stand in awe
يَعۡلَمُ
He knows
مَا
what
بَيۡنَ
(is) before them
أَيۡدِيهِمۡ
(is) before them
وَمَا
and what
خَلۡفَهُمۡ
(is) behind them
وَلَا
and not
يَشۡفَعُونَ
they (can) intercede
إِلَّا
except
لِمَنِ
for whom
ٱرۡتَضَىٰ
He approves
وَهُم
And they
مِّنۡ
from
خَشۡيَتِهِۦ
fear of Him
مُشۡفِقُونَ
stand in awe
Translation
He knows what is [presently] before them and what will be after them,1 and they cannot intercede except on behalf of one whom He approves. And they, from fear of Him, are apprehensive.
Footnotes
1 - See footnote to 20:110.
Tafsir
He knows what is before them and what is behind them, that is, what they have done and what they will do, and they do not intercede except for him with whom He is satisfied, that he be interceded for, and they, for awe of Him, exalted be He, are apprehensive, fearful.
The Refutation of Those Who claim that the Angels are the Daughters of Allah; description of their Deeds and Status
Allah says:
وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَلَدًا
And they say:The Most Gracious has begotten children.
Here Allah refutes those who claim that He has offspring among the angels -- exalted and sanctified be He. Some of the Arabs believed that the angels were the daughters of Allah, but Allah says:
سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُّكْرَمُونَ
Glory to Him! They are but honored servants.
meaning, the angels are servants of Allah who are honored by Him and who hold high positions of noble status. They obey Him to the utmost in all their words and deeds.
لَاا يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُم بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ
They speak not until He has spoken, and they act on His command.
meaning, they do not initiate any matter before Him or go against His commands; on the contrary, they hasten to do as He commands, and He encompasses them with His knowledge so that nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him
يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ
He knows what is before them, and what is behind them,
وَلَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاَّ لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى
and they cannot intercede except for him with whom He is pleased.
This is like the Ayat:
مَن ذَا الَّذِى يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ
Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission. (2:255)
وَلَا تَنفَعُ الشَّفَـعَةُ عِندَهُ إِلاَّ لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ
Intercession with Him profits not except for him whom He permits. (34:23).
There are many Ayat which say similar things.
وَهُم مِّنْ خَشْيَتِهِ
And they for fear of Him,
means, because they fear Him.
مُشْفِقُونَ
وَمَن يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّي إِلَهٌ مِّن دُونِهِ
And they stand in awe. And if any of them should say:Verily, I am a god besides Him,
meaning, whoever claims to be a god instead of Allah, i.e., alongside Allah,
فَذَلِكَ نَجْزِيهِ جَهَنَّمَ كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ
such We should recompense with Hell. Thus We recompense the wrongdoers.
meaning, everyone who says this. This is a conditional sentence, and the condition stated does not necessarily have to take place.
This is like the Ayat:
قُلْ إِن كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَـنِ وَلَدٌ فَأَنَاْ أَوَّلُ الْعَـبِدِينَ
Say:If the Most Gracious had a son, then I am the first of worshippers. (43:81)
لَيِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ وَلَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَـسِرِينَ
If you join others in worship with Allah, (then) surely, (all) your deeds will be in vain, and you will certainly be among the losers. (39:65)
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