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Ayah
Word by Word
لَقَدۡ
Indeed
أَنزَلۡنَآ
We (have) sent down
إِلَيۡكُمۡ
to you
كِتَٰبٗا
a Book
فِيهِ
in it
ذِكۡرُكُمۡۚ
(is) your mention
أَفَلَا
Then will not
تَعۡقِلُونَ
you use reason
لَقَدۡ
Indeed
أَنزَلۡنَآ
We (have) sent down
إِلَيۡكُمۡ
to you
كِتَٰبٗا
a Book
فِيهِ
in it
ذِكۡرُكُمۡۚ
(is) your mention
أَفَلَا
Then will not
تَعۡقِلُونَ
you use reason
Translation
We have revealed for you (O men!) a book in which is a Message for you: will ye not then understand?
Tafsir
Now We have sent down [as revelation] to you, O clan of Quraysh, a Book in which there is the remembrance that is yours, for it is in your language. Will you not understand?, and so believe in it?
The Virtue of the Qur'an Here
Allah points out the noble status of the Qur'an and urges them to recognize its worth:
لَقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَا إِلَيۡكُمۡ كِتَابًا فِيهِ ذِكۡرُكُمۡ
Indeed, We have sent down for you a Book in which there is Dhikrukum.
Ibn Abbas said:
Honor for you.
أَفَلَ تَعۡقِلُونَ
Will you not then understand!
means, will you not understand this blessing, and accept it!
This is like the Ayah:
وَإِنَّهُ لَذِكۡرٌ لَّكَ وَلِقَوۡمِكَ وَسَوۡفَ تُسۡـَلُونَ
And verily, this is indeed a Reminder for you and your people, and you will be questioned. (43:44)
How the Evildoers were destroyed
Allah tells
وَكَمۡ قَصَمۡنَا مِن قَرۡيَةٍ كَانَتۡ ظَالِمَةً
How many a town given to wrongdoing, have We destroyed,
meaning, they were very many.
This is like the Ayah:
وَكَمۡ أَهۡلَكۡنَا مِنَ الۡقُرُونِ مِن بَعۡدِ نُوحٍ
And how many generations have We destroyed after Nuh! (17:17)
فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرۡيَةٍ أَهۡلَكۡنَـهَا وَهِىَ ظَالِمَةٌ فَهِىَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا
And many a township did We destroy while they were given to wrongdoing, so that it lie in ruins. (22:45)
وَأَنشَأۡنَا بَعۡدَهَا قَوۡمًا اخَرِينَ
and raised up after them another people!
means, another nation which came after them
فَلَمَّا أَحَسُّوا بَأۡسَنَا
Then, when they sensed Our torment,
when they realized that the torment would undoubtedly come upon them, just as their Prophet had warned them,
إِذَا هُم مِّنۡهَا يَرۡكُضُونَ
behold, they (tried to) flee from it.
they tried to run away
لَاا تَرۡكُضُوا وَارۡجِعُوا إِلَى مَا أُتۡرِفۡتُمۡ فِيهِ وَمَسَاكِنِكُمۡ
Flee not, but return to that wherein you lived a luxurious life, and to your homes,
This is a way of ridiculing them.
It will be said to them by way of ridicule:Do not run away from the coming torment; go back to the delights and luxuries and fine homes in which you were living.
Qatadah said,
Mocking them.
لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُسۡأَلُونَ
in order that you may be questioned.
about whether you gave thanks for what you had.
قَالُوا يَا وَيۡلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ
They cried:Woe to us! Certainly we have been wrong- doers.
They will confess their sins when it will be of no benefit to them.
فَمَا زَالَت تِّلۡكَ دَعۡوَاهُمۡ حَتَّى جَعَلۡنَاهُمۡ حَصِيدًا خَامِدِينَ
And that cry of theirs ceased not, till We made them as a field that is reaped, extinct.
meaning, they will keep on saying that, admitting their wrong-doing, until We harvest them as it were, and their movements and voices come to a stop.
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