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Ayah
Word by Word
فَأَجۡمِعُواْ
So put together
كَيۡدَكُمۡ
your plan
ثُمَّ
then
ٱئۡتُواْ
come
صَفّٗاۚ
(in) a line
وَقَدۡ
And verily
أَفۡلَحَ
(will be) successful
ٱلۡيَوۡمَ
today
مَنِ
who
ٱسۡتَعۡلَىٰ
overcomes
فَأَجۡمِعُواْ
So put together
كَيۡدَكُمۡ
your plan
ثُمَّ
then
ٱئۡتُواْ
come
صَفّٗاۚ
(in) a line
وَقَدۡ
And verily
أَفۡلَحَ
(will be) successful
ٱلۡيَوۡمَ
today
مَنِ
who
ٱسۡتَعۡلَىٰ
overcomes
Translation
"Therefore concert your plan, and then assemble in (serried) ranks: He wins (all along) today who gains the upper hand."
Tafsir
So summon up your guile, in the way of sorcery (read fa'jma'oo, from [the first form] jama'a, meaning 'he gathered', or read fa-ajmi'oo, from [the fourth form] ajma'a, meaning 'he resolved [to do something]') and come in battle-line (saffan, a circumstantial qualifier, meaning 'standing in rows'). For truly he who is uppermost, [he who] triumphs, this day shall be the victor!'
The Meeting of the Two Parties, Musa's Propagation of the Message and the Magicians
Allah informs,
فَتَوَلَّى فِرۡعَوۡنُ فَجَمَعَ كَيۡدَهُ ثُمَّ أَتَى
So Fir`awn withdrew, devised his plot and then came back.
Allah, the Exalted informs that when Fir`awn and Musa agreed to an appointed meeting at a specified place and time, Fir`awn began to gather some magicians from the cities of his kingdom. Every person who had any affiliation with magic at that time was summoned, and magic was very widespread and in demand at that time.
This is as Allah says,
وَقَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ ايۡتُونِى بِكُلِّ سَـحِرٍ عَلِيمٍ
And Fir`awn said:Bring me every well-versed sorcerer. (10:79)
Then, the day came. It was the day when all of the people gathered, which was well-known, being the day of the festival.
Fir`awn was there sitting upon his throne surrounded by the elite officials of his kingdom. The subjects were all standing on his right and his left.
Then, Musa came forward leaning upon his stick accompanied by his brother Harun.
The magicians were standing in front of Fir`awn in rows and he was prodding them, inciting them and encouraging them to do their best on this day.
They wanted to please him and he was promising them and inspiring them. They said,
فَلَمَّا جَأءَ السَّحَرَةُ قَالُواۡ لِفِرۡعَوۡنَ أَإِنَّ لَنَا لاّجۡراً إِن كُنَّا نَحۡنُ الۡغَـلِبِينَ
قَالَ نَعَمۡ وَإِنَّكُمۡ إِذاً لَّمِنَ الۡمُقَرَّبِينَ
Will there surely be a reward for us if we are the winners! He (Fir`awn) said:Yes, and you shall then verily be of those brought near (to myself). (26:41-42
قَالَ لَهُم مُّوسَى وَيۡلَكُمۡ لَاا تَفۡتَرُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا
Musa said to them:Woe unto you! Invent not a lie against Allah...
This means, Do not make an illusion before the people of something that is not real, making it appear as if it were a creature, when it is not really a creature. If you do this, then you would be lying on Allah.
فَيُسۡحِتَكُمۡ بِعَذَابٍ
lest He (Allah) should destroy you completely by a torment.
This means, `He will destroy you with a destructive punishment that will not spare anything, or anyone.'
وَقَدۡ خَابَ مَنِ افۡتَرَى
فَتَنَازَعُوا أَمۡرَهُم بَيۡنَهُمۡ
...And surely, he who invents a lie will fail miserably. Then they debated one with another what they must do,
It has been said that this means that they argued among themselves. So one of them said, This is not the speech of a magician, but it is the speech of a Prophet.
Another said, No, he is only a magician.
There are other opinions that have been mentioned about what they discussed. And Allah knows best.
Allah's statement,
وَأَسَرُّوا النَّجۡوَى
and they kept their talk secret.
means, they held secret counsel among themselves about this matter
قَالُوا إِنۡ هَذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ
They said:Verily, these are two (Hadhan) magicians...
This is a way of speaking with some of the Arabs and this Ayah has been recited according to the grammar of their dialect.
There are also others who recite it as, (
إِنِّ هَذَانِ لَسَاحِرَان
) Which carries the same meaning, Verily, these are two (Hadhayn) magicians.
This is the popular style of language in Arabic grammar. The grammarians have extensive discussions in reply to the first recitation and its grammatical explanation, but this is not the place for such a discussion.
The main point is that the magicians said among themselves,
You all know that this man and his brother (Musa and Harun) are two knowledgeable magicians who are quite aware of the skill of magic. They want to defeat you and your people today and conquer the people, causing the masses to follow them. They want to fight against Fir`awn and his armies, and they are seeking victory over him. And their ultimate goal is to expel you from your land.
يُرِيدَانِ أَن يُخۡرِجَاكُم مِّنۡ أَرۡضِكُم بِسِحۡرِهِمَا
Their object is to drive you out from your land with magic,
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَيَذۡهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ الۡمُثۡلَى
and to take you away from your exemplary way.
This means, `they want to expose this way (of yours) openly, which is magic.' For verily, they were considered great because of their magic. They had wealth and sustenance because of this magic. They were actually saying, If these two (Musa and Harun) are victorious, they will destroy you and expel you from your land. In doing so, they will be the first individuals to do so, and they will be given great power of leadership without you.
Ibn Abbas mentioned concerning Allah's statement,
وَيَذۡهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ الۡمُثۡلَى
(and to take you away from your exemplary way),
This means their kingdom, which they were in, and their livelihood.
Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said,
This superior way means that which they were upon.
فَأَجۡمِعُوا كَيۡدَكُمۡ ثُمَّ ايۡتُوا صَفًّا
So devise your plot, and assemble in line.
This means, All of you come together in one row, and throw that which is in your hands at one time in order to dazzle the eyes (of the people) and defeat this man and his brother.
وَقَدۡ أَفۡلَحَ الۡيَوۡمَ مَنِ اسۡتَعۡلَى
And whoever overcomes this day will be indeed successful.
meaning Between you and us. As for us (the magicians), we have been promised to be given an abundance of power and sovereignty. And in reference to him (Musa), He will gain great leadership.
The Competition, Musa's Victory, and the Magician's Faith
Allah tells,
قَالُوا يَا مُوسَى
They said:O Musa!
Allah, the Exalted, informs about the magicians when they met Musa, that they said to Musa,
إِمَّا أَن تُلۡقِيَ
Either you throw first...
meaning, you go first.
وَإِمَّا أَن نَّكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنۡ أَلۡقَى
قَالَ بَلۡ أَلۡقُوا
...or we be the first to throw!
(Musa) said:Nay, throw you (first)!
This means, `you magicians should go first so that we can see what magic you are going to perform and so that the true state of their affair will become obvious to the people.'
فَإِذَا حِبَالُهُمۡ وَعِصِيُّهُمۡ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيۡهِ مِن سِحۡرِهِمۡ أَنَّهَا تَسۡعَى
Then behold! their ropes and their sticks, by their magic, appeared to him as though they moved fast.
In another Ayah it says that when they threw,
وَقَالُواۡ بِعِزَّةِ فِرۡعَونَ إِنَّا لَنَحۡنُ الۡغَـلِبُونَ
Then said:By the might of Fir`awn, it is we who will certainly win! (26:44)
And Allah, the Exalted, says,
سَحَرُواۡ أَعۡيُنَ النَّاسِ وَاسۡتَرۡهَبُوهُمۡ وَجَأءُو بِسِحۡرٍ عَظِيمٍ
They bewitched the eyes of the people, and struck terror into them, and they displayed a great magic. (7:116)
Here, He says in this Surah,
فَإِذَا حِبَالُهُمۡ وَعِصِيُّهُمۡ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيۡهِ مِن سِحۡرِهِمۡ أَنَّهَا تَسۡعَى
Then behold! their ropes and their sticks, by their magic, appeared to him as though they moved fast.
They were a large numbered group and each one of them threw a stick and a rope until the valley became full of snakes piled on top of each other.
Concerning Allah's statement,
فَأَوۡجَسَ فِي نَفۡسِهِ خِيفَةً مُّوسَى
So Musa conceived fear in himself.
This means that he feared for the people that they would be tested and deceived by their magic before he could even have a chance to throw what was in his right hand.
قُلۡنَا لَا تَخَفۡ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الاَۡعۡلَى
وَأَلۡقِ مَا فِي يَمِينِكَ تَلۡقَفۡ مَا صَنَعُوا
We (Allah) said:Fear not! Surely, you will have the upper hand. And throw that which is in your right hand! It will swallow up that which they have made.
Thus, Allah revealed to him at the right moment, to throw what was in his right hand, which was the stick. When he did so, it swallowed what they had made. It became a huge, monstrous creature with legs, a neck, a head and fangs. It went after these ropes and sticks until none of them remained, except that it was devoured and swallowed by this beast.
At the same time, the magicians and all of the people were watching with their own eyes, seeing this amazing event in broad daylight. Thus, the miracle was performed and the evidence was clear. The truth prevailed and the magic was proven to be falsehood.
This is why Allah said,
إِنَّمَا صَنَعُوا كَيۡدُ سَاحِرٍ وَلَا يُفۡلِحُ السَّاحِرُ حَيۡثُ أَتَى
That which they have made is only a magician's trick, and the magician will never be successful, to whatever amount (of skill) he may attain.
So when the magicians ﷺ the event and witnessed it with their own eyes, while they were knowledgeable of the various tricks and methods in the sciences of magic, they knew with conviction that what Musa had done was not magic or illusionary tricks. They recognized that it was the truth without any doubt. They knew that no one had any power to do this except for One Who says for a thing Be, and it is. Therefore, when this happened, they fell down into prostration to Allah
فَأُلۡقِيَ السَّحَرَةُ سُجَّدًا
So the magicians fell down prostrate.
قَالُوا امَنَّا بِرَبِّ هَارُونَ وَمُوسَى
They said:We believe in the Lord of Harun and Musa.
They said, We believe in the Lord of all that exists, the Lord of Musa and Harun!
This is why Ibn Abbas and Ubayd binUmayr both said,
At the beginning of the day they were magicians and at the end of the day they were outstanding witnesses of faith.
The Number of Magicians
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn Abbas said,
The magicians were seventy men who were magicians in the morning, but witnesses of faith by the time evening came.
Ibn Abi Hatim also reported that Al-Awza'i said,
When the magicians fell down in prostration, Paradise was raised up before them until they were looking at it.
It is reported from Sa`id bin Jubayr that he said concerning Allah's statement,
فَأُلۡقِيَ السَّحَرَةُ سُجَّدًا
(So the magicians fell down prostrate),
They ﷺ their places (in Paradise) made clear before them while they were in their prostration.
Ikrimah and Al-Qasim bin Abi Bizzah both said the same
Fir`awn's turning against the Magicians, His threatening Them and Their Reply
Allah, the Exalted, informs of Fir`awn's disbelief, obstinance, transgression and haughtiness against the truth in favor of falsehood. When he ﷺ what he ﷺ of the magnificent miracle and the great sign, and he ﷺ those whose help he sought accept faith in the presence of all of the people, and he was absolutely defeated, he began to behave arrogantly and cast accusations. He resorted to using his esteemed honor and might against the magicians. He warned them and threatened them saying,
قَالَ امَنتُمۡ لَهُ
(Fir`awn) said:Believe you in him (Musa),
This means, Do you have faith in him!
قَبۡلَ أَنۡ اذَنَ لَكُمۡ
before I give you permission,
meaning, I have not commanded you to do so, by which you have rebelled against me.
Then he said a statement that he, the magicians and all creatures knew was a forgery and an utter lie.
إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحۡرَ
Verily, he is your chief who has taught you magic.
meaning You all only took your magic from Musa and you have made an agreement with him against me and my subjects, that you would help him be victorious.
Allah says in another Ayah,
إِنَّ هَـذَا لَمَكۡرٌ مَّكَرۡتُمُوهُ فِى الۡمَدِينَةِ لِتُخۡرِجُواۡ مِنۡهَأ أَهۡلَهَا فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ
Surely, this is a plot which you have plotted in the city to drive out its people, but you shall come to know. (7:123)
Then he began threatening them. He said to them,
فَلَُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيۡدِيَكُمۡ وَأَرۡجُلَكُم مِّنۡ خِلَفٍ وَلَاُصَلِّبَنَّكُمۡ فِي جُذُوعِ النَّخۡلِ
So I will surely cut off your hands and feet on opposite sides, and I will surely crucify you on the trunks of date palms,
meaning, I will certainly make an example of you, I will kill you in a public execution.
Ibn Abbas said,
Thus, he was the first person to ever do this (public execution, crucifixion).
This was reported by Ibn Abi Hatim.
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَلَتَعۡلَمُنَّ أَيُّنَا أَشَدُّ عَذَابًا وَأَبۡقَى
And you shall surely know which of us can give the severe and more lasting torment.
This means, You say that my people and I are astray and that you (magicians), Musa and his people are following correct guidance, but you will come to know who will be punished and remain punished.
So when he attacked with this and threatened them, their souls eased them because of their belief in Allah, the Mighty and Sublime. They exclaimed
قَالُوا لَن نُّوۡثِرَكَ عَلَى مَا جَاءنَا مِنَ الۡبَيِّنَاتِ
They said:We prefer you not over what have come to us of the clear signs...
meaning, We do not chose you over the guidance and conviction that we have received.
وَالَّذِي فَطَرَنَا
and to Him (Allah) Who created us.
It could be that they were swearing, By He Who has created us.
It also could be connected in meaning to the clear signs mentioned before it. In this case it would mean,
We do not prefer you over our Originator and Creator, Who produced us from a beginning that was nothing. He created us from clay (or mud). Therefore, He alone deserves worship and humility and you do not (Fir`awn)!
فَاقۡضِ مَا أَنتَ قَاضٍ
So decree whatever you desire to decree,
Do whatever you wish and whatever your hands are able to achieve.
إِنَّمَا تَقۡضِي هَذِهِ الۡحَيَاةَ الدُّنۡيَا
for you can only decree (regarding) this life of the world.
meaning, You only have power in this world and it is a world that will come to an end. Verily, we are hoping in the eternal abode.
إِنَّا امَنَّا بِرَبِّنَا لِيَغۡفِرَ لَنَا خَطَايَانَا
Verily, we have believed in our Lord, that He may forgive us our faults,
Whatever evils that we did.
It specifically means, `which we were forced to do of magic, in order to oppose the sign of Allah and the miracle of His Prophet.'
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn Abbas said concerning Allah's statement,
وَمَا أَكۡرَهۡتَنَا عَلَيۡهِ مِنَ السِّحۡرِ
(and the magic to which you compelled us),
Fir`awn took forty boys from the Children of Israel and commanded that they be taught magic at Al-Farama. He said, `Teach them knowledge that no one in the land knows.'
Ibn Abbas then said,
They were of those who believed in Musa and they were of those who said,
امَنَّا بِرَبِّنَا لِيَغۡفِرَ لَنَا خَطَايَانَا
وَمَا أَكۡرَهۡتَنَا عَلَيۡهِ مِنَ السِّحۡرِ
We have believed in our Lord, that He may forgive us our faults, and the magic to which you did compel us.
Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said the same.
Allah's statement,
وَاللَّهُ خَيۡرٌ وَأَبۡقَى
And Allah is better as regards reward in comparison to your reward, and more lasting.
means, He is better for us than you.
وَأَبۡقَى
(and more lasting), More lasting in reward than what you promised us and made us aspire to.
It is apparent that Fir`awn (may Allah curse him) was bent upon their punishment, and that what he did to them was a mercy from Allah for them. This is why Ibn Abbas and others of the Salaf said,
They woke up in that morning as magicians, but they became witnesses of faith by the evening.
The Magicians admonish Fir`awn
The clear intent of this is to be a completion of what the magicians admonished Fir`awn with. They warned him of the vengeance of Allah and His eternal and everlasting punishment. They also encouraged him to seek Allah's eternal and endless reward.
They said,
إِنَّهُ مَن يَأۡتِ رَبَّهُ مُجۡرِمًا
Verily, whoever comes to his Lord as a criminal,
This means, whoever meets Allah on the Day of Judgment while being a criminal.
فَإِنَّ لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ لَاإ يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَاإ يَحۡيى
then surely, for him is Hell, wherein he will neither die nor live.
This is similar to Allah's statement,
لَا يُقۡضَى عَلَيۡهِمۡ فَيَمُوتُواۡ وَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنۡهُمۡ مِّنۡ عَذَابِهَا كَذَلِكَ نَجۡزِى كُلَّ كَفُورٍ
Neither will it have a complete killing effect on them so that they die, nor shall its torment be lightened for them. Thus do We requite every disbeliever! (35:36)
Allah also said,
وَيَتَجَنَّبُهَا الاٌّشۡقَى
الَّذِى يَصۡلَى النَّارَ الۡكُبۡرَى
ثُمَّ لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحۡيَا
But it will be avoided by the wretched, who will enter the great Fire. There he will neither die nor live. (87:11-13)
وَنَادَوۡاۡ يمَـلِكُ لِيَقۡضِ عَلَيۡنَا رَبُّكَ قَالَ إِنَّكُمۡ مَّـكِثُونَ
And they will cry:O Malik (Keeper of Hell)! Let your Lord made an end of us.
He will say:Verily, you shall abide forever. (43:77)
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri said that the Messenger of Allah said,
أَمَّا أَهۡلُ النَّارِ الَّذِينَ هُمۡ أَهۡلُهَا فَإِنَّهُمۡ لَا يَمُوتُونَ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحۡيَوۡنَ وَلكِنۡ أُنَاسٌ تُصِيبُهُمُ النَّارُ بِذُنُوبِهِمۡ فَتُمِيتُهُمۡ إِمَاتَةً حَتَّى إِذَا صَارُوا
فَحۡمًا أُذِنَ فِي الشَّفَاعَةِ فَجِيءَ بِهِمۡ ضَبَايِرَ ضَبَايِرَ فَبُثُّوا عَلَى أَنۡهَارِ الۡجَنَّةِ
فَيُقَالُ يَا أَهۡلَ الۡجَنَّةِ أَفِيضُوا عَلَيۡهِمۡ
فَيَنۡبُتُونَ نَبَاتَ الۡحِبَّةِ تَكُونُ فِي حَمِيلِ السَّيۡل
The dwellers of Hellfire, who are those who deserve it, they will not die in it, nor will they be living. Rather, they will be a people who will be punished by the Fire due to their sins. It will be gradually killing them and devouring them until they become burnt coals.
Then, intercession will be allowed and they will be brought (out of Hell) group by group and they will be spread on the rivers of Paradise.
It will then be said, O people of Paradise, pour (water) over them.
Then, they will start to grow like the growing of a seed on the muddy banks of a flowing river.
A man among the people said, It is as if the Messenger of Allah lived in the desert.
This is how Muslim recorded this narration in his Sahih.
Concerning Allah's statement
وَمَنۡ يَأۡتِهِ مُوۡمِنًا قَدۡ عَمِلَ الصَّالِحَاتِ
But whoever comes to Him (Allah) as a believer, and has done righteous good deeds,
whoever meets his Lord on the Day of Judgment as a believer in his heart, then verily, his intentions in his heart will be affirmed to be true by his statements and deeds.
فَأُوۡلَيِكَ لَهُمُ الدَّرَجَاتُ الۡعُلَى
for such are the high ranks,
Paradise, which has the highest levels, the most tranquil rooms and the nicest homes.
Imam Ahmad reported from Ubadah bin As-Samit that the Prophet said,
الۡجَنَّةُ مِايَةُ دَرَجَةٍ مَا بَيۡنَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَيۡنِ كَمَا بَيۡنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالاَۡرۡضِ
وَالۡفِرۡدَوۡسُ أَعۡلَاهَا دَرَجَةً وَمِنۡهَا تَخۡرُجُ الاۡاَنۡهَارُ الاۡاَرۡبَعَةُ وَالۡعَرۡشُ فَوۡقَهَا فَإِذَا سَأَلۡتُمُ اللهَ فَاسۡأَلُوهُ الۡفِرۡدَوۡس
Paradise has one hundred levels and between each level is a distance like the distance between the sky and the earth.
Al-Firdaws is the name of the highest of its levels. From it springs the four rivers and the Throne is above it. Therefore, when you ask Allah, then ask Him for Al-Firdaws.
This narration was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi.
In the Two Sahihs it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ أَهۡلَ عِلِّيِّينَ لَيَرَوۡنَ مَنۡ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَمَا تَرَوۡنَ الۡكَوۡكَبَ الۡغَابِرَ فِي أُفُقِ السَّمَاءِ لِتَفَاضُلِ مَا بَيۡنَهُمۡ
قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تِلۡكَ مَنَازِلُ الاۡاَنۡبِيَاءِ
قَالَ بَلى وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ رِجَالٌ امَنُوا بِاللهِ وَصَدَّقُوا الۡمُرۡسَلِين
Verily, the people of the `Illiyyin will see those who are above them just as you see the fading star in the horizon of the sky, due to the different status of virtue between them.
The people said, O Messenger of Allah, these are the dwellings of the Prophets.
He replied, (Of course. And I swear by the One Whom my soul is in His Hand, (it is for) men who had faith in Allah and they believed the Messengers.
In the Sunan collections this narration is mentioned with the additional wording,
وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكۡرٍ وَعُمَرَ لَمِنۡهُمۡ وَأَنۡعَمَا
And verily Abu Bakr and Umar are of them and they will be most favored.
His saying
جَنَّاتُ عَدۡنٍ
Adn Gardens,
meaning established as a residence.
It is merely used here in reference to the high ranks mentioned previously.
تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا الاَۡنۡهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا
under which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever,
meaning that they will abide in it for eternity.
وَذَلِكَ جَزَاء مَن تَزَكَّى
and such is the reward of those who purify themselves.
One who purifies himself from dirt, filth and associating partners with Allah. This is the person who worships Allah alone, without ascribing partners to Him, and he follows the Messengers in the good they came with all that they claim.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
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