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Ayah
Word by Word
أَوَلَا
Do not
يَعۡلَمُونَ
they know
أَنَّ
that
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يَعۡلَمُ
knows
مَا
what
يُسِرُّونَ
they conceal
وَمَا
and what
يُعۡلِنُونَ
they declare
أَوَلَا
Do not
يَعۡلَمُونَ
they know
أَنَّ
that
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يَعۡلَمُ
knows
مَا
what
يُسِرُّونَ
they conceal
وَمَا
and what
يُعۡلِنُونَ
they declare
Translation
But do they not know that Allāh knows what they conceal and what they declare?
Tafsir
God says: Know they not (the interrogative is affirmative, the inserted waaw [of a-wa-laa] is to indicate the supplement) that God knows what they keep secret and what they proclaim?, that is, what they hide and what they reveal in this matter and all other matters, so that they may desist from these things.
"The Meaning of Ummi
Allah said,
وَمِنْهُمْ أُمِّيُّونَ
And there are among them Ummyyun people,
meaning, among the People of the Book, as Mujahid stated.
Abu Al-Aliyah, Ar-Rabi, Qatadah, Ibrahim An-Nakhai and others said,
Ummyyun, is plural for Ummi, that is, a person who does not write.
This meaning is clarified by Allah's statement,
لَا يَعْلَمُونَ الْكِتَابَ
Who know not the Book,
meaning, are they not aware of what is in it.
Ummi was one of the descriptions of the Prophet because he was unlettered. For instance, Allah said,
وَمَا كُنتَ تَتْلُو مِن قَبْلِهِ مِن كِتَـبٍ وَلَا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ إِذاً لاَّرْتَـبَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ
Neither did you (O Muhammad) read any book before it (this Qur'an) nor did you write any book (whatsoever) with your right hand. In that case, indeed, the followers of falsehood might have doubted. (29:48)
Also, the Prophet said,
إِنَّا أُمَّةٌ أُمِّيَّةٌ لَا نَكْتُبُ وَلَا نَحْسِبُ الشَّهْرُ هكَذَا وَهكَذَا وَهكَذَا
We are an Ummi nation, neither writing nor calculating. The (lunar) month is like this, this and this (i.e. thirty or twenty-nine days).
This Hadith stated that Muslims do not need to rely on books, or calculations to decide the timings of their acts of worship.
Allah also said,
هُوَ الَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى الاُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولاً مِّنْهُمْ
He it is Who sent among the Ummiyyin ones a Messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves. (62:2)
The Explanation of Amani
Allah's statement,
إِلاَّ أَمَانِيَّ
But they trust upon Amani,
Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn Abbas said that the Ayah means,
""It is just a false statement that they utter with their tongues.""
It was also said that;
Amani means `wishes and hopes'.
Mujahid commented,
""Allah described the Ummiyyin as not understanding any of the Book that Allah sent down to Musa, yet they create lies and falsehood.""
Therefore, the word Amani mentioned here refers to lying and falsehood.
Allah's statement,
وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلاَّ يَظُنُّونَ
And they but guess, means,
Mujahid said that Allah's statement means,
""They lie.""
Qatadah, Abu Al-Aliyah and Ar-Rabi said that it means,
""They have evil false ideas about Allah.""
Woe unto Those Criminals among the Jews
Allah said
فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَـذَا مِنْ عِندِ اللّهِ لِيَشْتَرُواْ بِهِ ثَمَناً قَلِيلً
Then Waylun (woe) to those who write the book with their own hands and then say, ""This is from Allah,"" to purchase with it a little price!.
This is another category of people among the Jews who called to misguidance with falsehood and lies about Allah, thriving on unjustly amassing people's property.
`Waylun (woe)' carries meanings of destruction and perishing, and it is a well-known word in the Arabic language.
Az-Zuhri said that Ubadydullah bin Abdullah narrated that Ibn Abbas said,
""O Muslims! How could you ask the People of the Book about anything, while the Book of Allah (Qur'an) that He revealed to His Prophet is the most recent Book from Him and you still read it fresh and young Allah told you that the People of the Book altered the Book of Allah, changed it and wrote another book with their own hands.
They then said, `This book is from Allah,' so that they acquired a small profit by it. Hasn't the knowledge that came to you prohibited you from asking them By Allah! We have not seen any of them asking you about what was revealed to you.""
This Hadith was also collected by Al-Bukhari.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,
""The little amount here means this life and all that it contains.""
Allah's statement,
فَوَيْلٌ لَّهُم مِّمَّا كَتَبَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَيْلٌ لَّهُمْ مِّمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ
Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for that they earn thereby.
means, ""Woe to them because of what they have written with their own hands, the lies, falsehood and alterations. Woe to them because of the property that they unjustly acquired.""
Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn Abbas commented,
فَوَيْلٌ لَّهُم
(Woe to them),
""Means the torment will be theirs because of the lies that they wrote with their own hands,
وَوَيْلٌ لَّهُمْ مِّمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ
(And woe to them for that they earn thereby), which they unjustly acquired from people, be they commoners or otherwise."
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