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Ayah
Word by Word
ثُمَّ
Then
قَسَتۡ
hardened
قُلُوبُكُم
your hearts
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
ذَٰلِكَ
that
فَهِيَ
so they
كَٱلۡحِجَارَةِ
(became) like [the] stones
أَوۡ
or
أَشَدُّ
stronger
قَسۡوَةٗۚ
(in) hardness
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
مِنَ
from
ٱلۡحِجَارَةِ
the stones
لَمَا
certainly (there are some) which
يَتَفَجَّرُ
gush forth
مِنۡهُ
from it
ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۚ
[the] rivers
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
مِنۡهَا
from them
لَمَا
certainly (there are some) which
يَشَّقَّقُ
split
فَيَخۡرُجُ
so comes out
مِنۡهُ
from it
ٱلۡمَآءُۚ
[the] water
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
مِنۡهَا
from them
لَمَا
certainly (there are some) which
يَهۡبِطُ
fall down
مِنۡ
from
خَشۡيَةِ
fear
ٱللَّهِۗ
(of) Allah
وَمَا
And not
ٱللَّهُ
(is) Allah
بِغَٰفِلٍ
unaware
عَمَّا
of what
تَعۡمَلُونَ
you do
ثُمَّ
Then
قَسَتۡ
hardened
قُلُوبُكُم
your hearts
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
ذَٰلِكَ
that
فَهِيَ
so they
كَٱلۡحِجَارَةِ
(became) like [the] stones
أَوۡ
or
أَشَدُّ
stronger
قَسۡوَةٗۚ
(in) hardness
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
مِنَ
from
ٱلۡحِجَارَةِ
the stones
لَمَا
certainly (there are some) which
يَتَفَجَّرُ
gush forth
مِنۡهُ
from it
ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۚ
[the] rivers
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
مِنۡهَا
from them
لَمَا
certainly (there are some) which
يَشَّقَّقُ
split
فَيَخۡرُجُ
so comes out
مِنۡهُ
from it
ٱلۡمَآءُۚ
[the] water
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
مِنۡهَا
from them
لَمَا
certainly (there are some) which
يَهۡبِطُ
fall down
مِنۡ
from
خَشۡيَةِ
fear
ٱللَّهِۗ
(of) Allah
وَمَا
And not
ٱللَّهُ
(is) Allah
بِغَٰفِلٍ
unaware
عَمَّا
of what
تَعۡمَلُونَ
you do
Translation
Then your hearts became hardened after that, being like stones or even harder. For indeed, there are stones from which rivers burst forth, and there are some of them that split open and water comes out, and there are some of them that fall down for fear of Allāh. And Allāh is not unaware of what you do.
Tafsir
Then your hearts became hardened, O you Jews, they [your hearts] became stiffened against acceptance of the truth, thereafter, that is, after what is mentioned of the bringing back to life of the slain man and the other signs before this; and they are like stones, in their hardness, or even yet harder, than these; for there are stones from which rivers come gushing, and others split (yashshaqqaq: the initial taa' [of the root-form yatashaqqaq] has been assimilated with the sheen), so that water issues from them; and others come down, from on high, in fear of God, while your hearts are unmoved, unstirred and not humbled; And God is not heedless of what you do, but instead, He gives you respite until your time comes (ta'maloona, 'you do': a variant reading has ya'maloona, 'they do', indicating a shift to the third person address).
"There was little Hope that the Jews Who lived during the Time of the Prophet could have believed
Allah said,
أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ
Do you covet, (O believers),
أَن يُوْمِنُواْ لَكُمْ
That they will believe in your religion,
meaning, that these people would obey you? They are the deviant sect of Jews whose fathers witnessed the clear signs but their hearts became hard afterwards.
Allah said next,
وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَمَ اللّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ
Inspite of the fact that a party of them (Jewish rabbis) used to hear the Word of Allah (the Tawrah), then they used to change it,
meaning, distort its meaning,
مِن بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ
after they understood it,
They understood well, yet they used to defy the truth,
وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
knowingly.
being fully aware of their erroneous interpretations and corruption.
This statement is similar to Allah's statement,
فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِم مِّيثَـقَهُمْ لَعنَّـهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبَهُمْ قَاسِيَةً يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَضِعِهِ
So, because of their violation of their covenant, We cursed them and made their hearts grow hard. They change the words from their (right) places. (5:13)
Qatadah commented that Allah's statement;
ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِن بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
(Then they used to change it knowingly after they understood it)
""They are the Jews who used to hear Allah's Words and then alter them after they understood and comprehended them.""
Also, Mujahid said,
""Those who used to alter it and conceal its truths; they were their scholars.""
Also, Ibn Wahb said that Ibn Zayd commented,
يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَمَ اللّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ
(used to hear the Word of Allah (the Tawrah), then they used to change it),
""They altered the Tawrah that Allah revealed to them, making it say that the lawful is unlawful and the prohibited is allowed, and that what is right is false and that what is false is right. So when a person seeking the truth comes to them with a bribe, they judge his case by the Book of Allah, but when a person comes to them seeking to do evil with a bribe, they take out the other (distorted) book, in which it is stated that he is in the right. When someone comes to them who is not seeking what is right, nor offering them bribe, then they enjoin righteousness on him. This is why Allah said to them,
أَتَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَتَنسَوْنَ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتَـبَ أَفَلَ تَعْقِلُونَ
Enjoin you Al-Birr (piety and righteousness and every act of obedience to Allah) on the people and you forget (to practice it) yourselves, while you recite the Scripture (the Tawrah)! Have you then no sense!"" (2:44)
The Jews knew the Truth of the Prophet , but disbelieved in Him
Allah said next
وَإِذَا لَقُواْ الَّذِينَ امَنُواْ قَالُواْ امَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىَ بَعْضٍ
And when they (Jews) meet those who believe (Muslims), they say, ""We believe"", but when they meet one another in private...,
Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that Ibn `Abbas commented,
وَإِذَا لَقُواْ الَّذِينَ امَنُواْ قَالُواْ امَنَّا
(And when they (Jews) meet those who believe (Muslims), they say, ""We believe""),
""They believe that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, `But he was only sent for you (Arabs).""'
قَالُواْ أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُم بِمَا فَتَحَ اللّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَأجُّوكُم بِهِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ
they say, ""Shall you (Jews) tell them (Muslims) what Allah has revealed to you, that they (Muslims) may argue with you (Jews) about it before your Lord.""
However, when they meet each other they say, ""Do not convey the news about this Prophet to the Arabs, because you used to ask Allah to grant you victory over them when he came, but he was sent to them (not to you).""
Allah then revealed,
وَإِذَا لَقُواْ الَّذِينَ امَنُواْ قَالُواْ امَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىَ بَعْضٍ قَالُواْ أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُم بِمَا فَتَحَ اللّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَأجُّوكُم بِهِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ أَفَلَ تَعْقِلُونَ
And when they (Jews) meet those who believe (Muslims), they say, ""We believe,"" but when they meet one another in private, they say, ""Shall you (Jews) tell them (Muslims) what Allah has revealed to you, that they (Muslims) may argue with you (Jews) about it before your Lord.""
meaning, ""If you admit to them that he is a Prophet, knowing that Allah took the covenant from you to follow him, they will know that Muhammad is the Prophet that we were waiting for and whose coming we find foretold of in our Book. Therefore, do not believe in him and deny him.""
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,
""When the Jews met the believers they used to say, `We believe.' When they met each other, some of them would say, `Do not talk to the companions of Muhammad about what Allah has foretold in your Book, so that the news (that Muhammad is the Final Messenger) does not become a proof for them against you with your Lord, and, thus, you will win the dispute.""'
أَفَلَ تَعْقِلُونَ
Have you (Jews) then no understanding!
Allah said,
أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ
Know they (Jews) not that Allah knows what they conceal and what they reveal.
Abu Al-Aliyah said about Allah's statement,
""Meaning their secret denial and rejection of Muhammad, although they find his coming recorded in their Book.""
This is also the Tafsir of Qatadah.
Al-Hasan commented on,
أَنَّ اللّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ
(That Allah knows what they conceal),
""What they concealed refers to when they were alone with each other away from the Companions of Muhammad. Then they would forbid each other from conveying the news that Allah revealed to them in their Book to the Companions of Muhammad, fearing that the Companions would use this news (about the truth of Muhammad) against them before their Lord.""
وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ
(And what they reveal) meaning,
when they said to the Companions of Muhammad,
امَنَّا
(We believe), as Abu Al-Aliyah, Ar-Rabi and Qatadah stated."
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