Ayah
Word by Word
وَإِذۡ
And when
نَجَّيۡنَٰكُم
We saved you
مِّنۡ
from
ءَالِ
(the) people
فِرۡعَوۡنَ
(of) Firaun
يَسُومُونَكُمۡ
(who were) afflicting you (with)
سُوٓءَ
horrible
ٱلۡعَذَابِ
torment
يُذَبِّحُونَ
slaughtering
أَبۡنَآءَكُمۡ
your sons
وَيَسۡتَحۡيُونَ
and letting live
نِسَآءَكُمۡۚ
your women
وَفِي
And in
ذَٰلِكُم
that
بَلَآءٞ
(was) a trial
مِّن
from
رَّبِّكُمۡ
your Lord
عَظِيمٞ
great
وَإِذۡ
And when
نَجَّيۡنَٰكُم
We saved you
مِّنۡ
from
ءَالِ
(the) people
فِرۡعَوۡنَ
(of) Firaun
يَسُومُونَكُمۡ
(who were) afflicting you (with)
سُوٓءَ
horrible
ٱلۡعَذَابِ
torment
يُذَبِّحُونَ
slaughtering
أَبۡنَآءَكُمۡ
your sons
وَيَسۡتَحۡيُونَ
and letting live
نِسَآءَكُمۡۚ
your women
وَفِي
And in
ذَٰلِكُم
that
بَلَآءٞ
(was) a trial
مِّن
from
رَّبِّكُمۡ
your Lord
عَظِيمٞ
great
Translation
And remember, We delivered you from the people of Pharaoh: They set you hard tasks and punishments, slaughtered your sons and let your women-folk live; therein was a tremendous trial from your Lord.
Tafsir
And, remember, when We delivered you, your forefathers: the address here and henceforth directed to those living at the time of the our Prophet, is about how God blessed their forefathers, and is intended to remind them of God's grace so that they might believe; from the folk of Pharaoh who were visiting you with, that is, making you taste, evil chastisement, of the worst kind (the sentence here is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person of the pronoun [suffixed] in najjaynaakum, 'We delivered you'); slaughtering your, newly-born, sons: this is explaining what has just been said; and sparing, retaining, your women, [doing so] because of the saying of some of their priests that a child born among the Israelites shall bring about the end of your rule [Pharaoh]; and for you therein, chastisement or deliverance, was a tremendous trial, a test or a grace, from your Lord.
"The Children of Israel worshipped the Calf
Allah then said,
وَإِذۡ وَاعَدۡنَا مُوسَى أَرۡبَعِينَ لَيۡلَةً ثُمَّ اتَّخَذۡتُمُ الۡعِجۡلَ مِن بَعۡدِهِ وَأَنتُمۡ ظَالِمُونَ
ثُمَّ عَفَوۡنَا عَنكُمِ مِّن بَعۡدِ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ
And (remember) when We appointed for Musa (Moses) forty nights, and (in his absence) you took the calf (for worship), and you were Zalimun (polytheists and wrongdoers). Then after that We forgave you so that you might be grateful.
Allah said, ""Remember My favor on you when I forgave you for worshipping the calf.""
This happened after Musa went to the meeting place with his Lord at the end of that period which was forty days. These forty days were mentioned in Surah Al-A`raf, when Allah said,
وَوَعَدۡنَا مُوسَى ثَلَـثِينَ لَيۡلَةً وَأَتۡمَمۡنَاهَا بِعَشۡرٍ
And We appointed for Musa thirty nights and added (to the period) ten (more). (7:142)
It was said that these days were during the month of Dhul-Qa`dah plus the first ten days in Dhul-Hijjah, after the Children of Israel were delivered from Fir`awn and they safely crossed the sea.
Allah's statement
وَإِذۡ اتَيۡنَا مُوسَى الۡكِتَابَ
And (remember) when We gave Musa the Scripture,
means, the Tawrah.
وَالۡفُرۡقَانَ
..
And the criterion,
that is that which differentiates between truth and falsehood, guidance and deviation.
.
لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ
So that you may be guided aright.
after escaping the sea, as another Ayah in Surah Al-A`raf clearly stated,
وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا مُوسَى الۡكِتَـبَ مِن بَعۡدِ مَأ أَهۡلَكۡنَا الۡقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى بَصَأيِرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَرَحۡمَةً لَّعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ
And indeed We gave Musa ـ after We had destroyed the generations of old ـ the Scripture (the Tawrah) as an enlightenment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy, that they might remember (or receive admonition). (28:43)"
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