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Ayah
Word by Word
وَأَقِيمُواْ
And establish
ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
the prayer
وَءَاتُواْ
and give
ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ
zakah
وَٱرۡكَعُواْ
and bow down
مَعَ
with
ٱلرَّـٰكِعِينَ
those who bow down
وَأَقِيمُواْ
And establish
ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
the prayer
وَءَاتُواْ
and give
ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ
zakah
وَٱرۡكَعُواْ
and bow down
مَعَ
with
ٱلرَّـٰكِعِينَ
those who bow down
Translation
And be steadfast in prayer; practise regular charity; and bow down your heads with those who bow down (in worship).
Tafsir
And establish prayer, and pay the alms, and bow with those that bow, that is, pray with those who pray, Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him and his Companions: this was revealed concerning their religious scholars, who used to say to their kin from among the Muslims, 'Stay firm upon the religion of Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him, for it is the truth'.
"The Condemnation of commanding Others to observe Righteousness while ignoring Righteousness
Allah said
أَتَأۡمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالۡبِرِّ وَتَنسَوۡنَ أَنفُسَكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ تَتۡلُونَ الۡكِتَابَ
Enjoin you Al-Birr (piety and righteousness and every act of obedience to Allah) on the people and you forget (to practice it) yourselves, while you recite the Scripture (Tawrah)! Have you then no sense!
Allah said, ""How is it, O People of the Book, that you command people to perform Al-Birr, which encompasses all types of righteousness, yet forget yourselves and do not heed what you call others to! And you read Allah's Book (the Tawrah) and know what it promises to those who do not fulfill Allah's commandments.
...
أَفَلَ تَعۡقِلُونَ
Have you then no sense!
of what you are doing to yourselves, so that you might become aware of your slumber and restore your sight from blindness""
Abdur-Razzaq said that Ma`mar stated that Qatadah commented on Allah's statement,
أَتَأۡمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالۡبِرِّ وَتَنسَوۡنَ أَنفُسَكُمۡ
(Enjoin you Al-Birr (piety and righteousness and every act of obedience to Allah) on the people and you forget (to practice it) yourselves),
""The Children of Israel used to command people to obey Allah, fear Him and perform Al-Birr. Yet, they contradicted these orders, so Allah reminded them of this fact.""
As-Suddi said similarly.
Ibn Jurayj said that the Ayah:
أَتَأۡمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالۡبِرِّ
(Enjoin you Al-Birr on the people),
""Is about the People of the Book and the hypocrites. They used to command people to pray and fast. However, they did not practice what they commanded others. Allah reminded them of this behavior. So whoever commands people to do righteousness, let him be among the first of them to implement that command.""
Also, Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Ibn Abbas said that,
وَتَنسَوۡنَ أَنفُسَكُمۡ
(And you forget yourselves),
means, ""You forget to practice it yourselves,
وَأَنتُمۡ تَتۡلُونَ الۡكِتَابَ
أَفَلَ تَعۡقِلُونَ
(While you recite the Scripture (Tawrah)! Have you then no sense!).
You forbid the people from rejecting the Prophethood and the covenant that you have mentioned with you in the Tawrah, while you yourselves have forgotten it, meaning that `you have forgotten the covenant that I made with you that you will accept My Messenger. You have breeched My covenant, and rejected what you know is in My Book.""'
Therefore, Allah admonished the Jews for this behavior and alerted them to the wrongs that they were perpetrating against themselves by ordering righteousness, yet refraining themselves from righteousness.
We should state that Allah is not criticizing the People of the Book for ordering righteousness, because enjoining good is a part of righteousness and is an obligation for the scholars. However, the scholar is himself required to heed, and adhere to, what he invites others to. For instance, Prophet Shu`ayb said,
وَمَأ أُرِيدُ أَنۡ أُخَالِفَكُمۡ إِلَى مَأ أَنۡهَـكُمۡ عَنۡهُ إِنۡ أُرِيدُ إِلاَّ الاِصۡلَـحَ مَا اسۡتَطَعۡتُ وَمَا تَوۡفِيقِى إِلاَّ بِاللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ تَوَكَّلۡتُ وَإِلَيۡهِ أُنِيبُ
I wish not, in contradiction to you, to do that which I forbid you. I only desire reform to the best of my power. And my guidance cannot come except from Allah, in Him I trust and unto Him I repent. (11:88)
Therefore, enjoining righteousness and performing righteousness are both required. Neither category is rendered not necessary by the practice of the other, according to the most correct view of the scholars among the Salaf (predecessors) and the Khalaf.
Imam Ahmad reported that Abu Wa'il said,
""While I was riding behind Usamah, he was asked, `Why not advise `Uthman?'
He said, `Do you think that if I advise him I should allow you to hear it I advise him in secret, and I will not start something that I would hate to be the first to start. I will not say to a man, `You are the best man,' even if he was my leader, after what I heard from the Messenger of Allah.'
They said, `What did he say?'
He said, `I heard him say,
يُجَاءُ بِالرَّجُلِ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامةِ فَيُلۡقَى فِي النَّار فَتَنۡدَلِقُ بِه أَقۡتَابُهُ فيَدُورُ بِهَا فِي النَّار كَمَا يَدُورُ الۡحِمَارُ بِرَحَاهُ فيُطِيفُ بِهِ أَهۡلُ النَّار فَيَقُولُون يَا فُلَنُ ما أَصَابَكَ أَلَمۡ تَكُنۡ تَأۡمُرُنَا بِالۡمَعۡرُوف وَتَنۡهَانَا عَنِ الۡمُنۡكَرِ فَيَقُولُ كُنۡتُ امرُكُمۡ باِلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَلَا اتِيهِ وَأَنۡهَاكُمۡ عَنِ الۡمُنۡكَرِ وَاتِيه
A man will be brought on the Day of Resurrection and thrown in the Fire. His intestines will fall out and he will continue circling pulling them behind him, just as the donkey goes around the pole. The people of the Fire will go to that man and ask him, `What happened to you? Did you not used to command us to do righteous acts and forbid us from committing evil?'
He will say, `Yes. I used to enjoin righteousness, but refrained from performing righteousness, and I used to forbid you to perform from evil while I myself did it.""'
This Hadith was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Also, Ibrahim An-Nakhai said,
""I hesitate in advising people because of three Ayat:
أَتَأۡمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالۡبِرِّ وَتَنسَوۡنَ أَنفُسَكُمۡ
Enjoin you Al-Birr on the people and you forget (to practice it) yourselves.
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لاأَ تَفۡعَلُونَ
كَبُرَ مَقۡتاً عِندَ اللَّهِ أَن تَقُولُواۡ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُونَ
O you who believe! Why do you say that which you do not do! Most hateful it is to Allah that you say that which you do not do! (61:2-3).""
And Allah informed us that the Prophet Shu`ayb said,
وَمَأ أُرِيدُ أَنۡ أُخَالِفَكُمۡ إِلَى مَأ أَنۡهَـكُمۡ عَنۡهُ إِنۡ أُرِيدُ إِلاَّ الاِصۡلَـحَ مَا اسۡتَطَعۡتُ وَمَا تَوۡفِيقِى إِلاَّ بِاللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ تَوَكَّلۡتُ وَإِلَيۡهِ أُنِيبُ
I wish not, in contradiction to you, to do that which I forbid you. I only desire reform to the best of my power. And my guidance cannot come except from Allah, in Him I trust and unto Him I repent. (11:88)"
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