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Ayah

Word by Word
وَإِذۡ
And when
قَالَ
said
رَبُّكَ
your Lord
لِلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ
to the angels
إِنِّي
Indeed, I (am)
جَاعِلٞ
going to place
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the earth
خَلِيفَةٗۖ
a vicegerent
قَالُوٓاْ
they said
أَتَجۡعَلُ
Will You place
فِيهَا
in it
مَن
(one) who
يُفۡسِدُ
will spread corruption
فِيهَا
in it
وَيَسۡفِكُ
and will shed
ٱلدِّمَآءَ
[the] blood[s]
وَنَحۡنُ
while we
نُسَبِّحُ
[we] glorify (You)
بِحَمۡدِكَ
with Your praises
وَنُقَدِّسُ
and we sanctify
لَكَۖ
[to] You
قَالَ
He said
إِنِّيٓ
Indeed, I
أَعۡلَمُ
[I] know
مَا
what
لَا
(do) not
تَعۡلَمُونَ
you know
وَإِذۡ
And when
قَالَ
said
رَبُّكَ
your Lord
لِلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ
to the angels
إِنِّي
Indeed, I (am)
جَاعِلٞ
going to place
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the earth
خَلِيفَةٗۖ
a vicegerent
قَالُوٓاْ
they said
أَتَجۡعَلُ
Will You place
فِيهَا
in it
مَن
(one) who
يُفۡسِدُ
will spread corruption
فِيهَا
in it
وَيَسۡفِكُ
and will shed
ٱلدِّمَآءَ
[the] blood[s]
وَنَحۡنُ
while we
نُسَبِّحُ
[we] glorify (You)
بِحَمۡدِكَ
with Your praises
وَنُقَدِّسُ
and we sanctify
لَكَۖ
[to] You
قَالَ
He said
إِنِّيٓ
Indeed, I
أَعۡلَمُ
[I] know
مَا
what
لَا
(do) not
تَعۡلَمُونَ
you know

Translation

And [mention, O Muḥammad], when your Lord said to the angels, "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority."1 They said, "Will You place upon it one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we exalt You with praise and declare Your perfection?"2 He [Allāh] said, "Indeed, I know that which you do not know."
Footnotes
1 Khalīfah: successor, or generations of man, one following another.
2 An additional meaning is "...and we purify ourselves for You."

Tafsir

And, mention, O Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him, when your Lord said to the angels, 'I am appointing on earth a vicegerent', who shall act as My deputy, by implementing My rulings therein - and this [vicegerent] was Adam; They said, 'What, will You appoint therein one who will do corruption therein, through disobedience, and shed blood, spilling it through killing, just as the progeny of the jinn did, for they used to inhabit it, but when they became corrupted God sent down the angels against them and they were driven away to islands and into the mountains; while we glorify, continuously, You with praise, that is, "We say Glory and Praise be to You", and sanctify You?', that is, 'We exalt You as transcendent above what does not befit You?; the laam [of laka, 'You'] is extra, and the sentence [wa-nuqaddisu laka, 'We sanctify You'] is a circumstantial qualifier, the import being, 'thus, we are more entitled to be Your vicegerents'); He, exalted be He, said, 'Assuredly, I know what you know not', of the benefits of making Adam a vicegerent and of the fact that among his progeny will be the obedient and the transgressor, and justice will prevail between them. They said, 'God will never create anything more noble in His eyes than us nor more knowledgeable, since we have been created before it and have seen what it has not seen. God then created Adam from the surface of the earth (adeem al-ard [adeem literally means 'skin']), taking a handful of all its colours and mixing it with different waters, then made him upright and breathed into him the Spirit and he thus became a living being with senses, after having been inanimate.

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