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Ayah

Word by Word
تِلۡكَ
These
ٱلرُّسُلُ
(are) the Messengers
فَضَّلۡنَا
We (have) preferred
بَعۡضَهُمۡ
some of them
عَلَىٰ
over
بَعۡضٖۘ
others
مِّنۡهُم
Among them
مَّن
(were those with) whom
كَلَّمَ
spoke
ٱللَّهُۖ
Allah
وَرَفَعَ
and He raised
بَعۡضَهُمۡ
some of them
دَرَجَٰتٖۚ
(in) degrees
وَءَاتَيۡنَا
And We gave
عِيسَى
Isa
ٱبۡنَ
son
مَرۡيَمَ
(of) Maryam
ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ
the clear proofs
وَأَيَّدۡنَٰهُ
and We supported him
بِرُوحِ
with Spirit
ٱلۡقُدُسِۗ
[the] Holy
وَلَوۡ
And if
شَآءَ
(had) willed
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَا
not
ٱقۡتَتَلَ
(would have) fought each other
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
مِنۢ
(came) from
بَعۡدِهِم
after them
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
مَا
[what]
جَآءَتۡهُمُ
came to them
ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ
the clear proofs
وَلَٰكِنِ
[And] but
ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ
they differed
فَمِنۡهُم
[so] of them
مَّنۡ
(are some) who
ءَامَنَ
believed
وَمِنۡهُم
and of them
مَّن
(are some) who
كَفَرَۚ
denied
وَلَوۡ
And if
شَآءَ
(had) willed
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَا
not
ٱقۡتَتَلُواْ
they (would have) fought each other
وَلَٰكِنَّ
[and] but
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يَفۡعَلُ
does
مَا
what
يُرِيدُ
He intends
تِلۡكَ
These
ٱلرُّسُلُ
(are) the Messengers
فَضَّلۡنَا
We (have) preferred
بَعۡضَهُمۡ
some of them
عَلَىٰ
over
بَعۡضٖۘ
others
مِّنۡهُم
Among them
مَّن
(were those with) whom
كَلَّمَ
spoke
ٱللَّهُۖ
Allah
وَرَفَعَ
and He raised
بَعۡضَهُمۡ
some of them
دَرَجَٰتٖۚ
(in) degrees
وَءَاتَيۡنَا
And We gave
عِيسَى
Isa
ٱبۡنَ
son
مَرۡيَمَ
(of) Maryam
ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ
the clear proofs
وَأَيَّدۡنَٰهُ
and We supported him
بِرُوحِ
with Spirit
ٱلۡقُدُسِۗ
[the] Holy
وَلَوۡ
And if
شَآءَ
(had) willed
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَا
not
ٱقۡتَتَلَ
(would have) fought each other
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
مِنۢ
(came) from
بَعۡدِهِم
after them
مِّنۢ
from
بَعۡدِ
after
مَا
[what]
جَآءَتۡهُمُ
came to them
ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ
the clear proofs
وَلَٰكِنِ
[And] but
ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ
they differed
فَمِنۡهُم
[so] of them
مَّنۡ
(are some) who
ءَامَنَ
believed
وَمِنۡهُم
and of them
مَّن
(are some) who
كَفَرَۚ
denied
وَلَوۡ
And if
شَآءَ
(had) willed
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَا
not
ٱقۡتَتَلُواْ
they (would have) fought each other
وَلَٰكِنَّ
[and] but
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يَفۡعَلُ
does
مَا
what
يُرِيدُ
He intends

Translation

Those messengers - some of them We caused to exceed others. Among them were those to whom Allāh spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the Pure Spirit [i.e., Gabriel]. If Allāh had willed, those [generations] succeeding them would not have fought each other after the clear proofs had come to them. But they differed, and some of them believed and some of them disbelieved. And if Allāh had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allāh does what He intends.

Tafsir

Those (tilka is the subject) messengers (al-rusul is either an adjective or the predicate) some We have preferred above others, by assigning a particular trait to one not found in the other; some there are to whom God spoke, such as Moses, and some He raised in rank, namely, Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him, on account of his call being to all peoples, his being the Seal of the Prophets, on account of the superiority of his community to all others, the sundry miracles and the many special qualities. And We gave Jesus son of Mary the clear proofs, and confirmed him, strengthened him, with the Holy Spirit, namely, Gabriel who would accompany him wherever he went. And had God willed, that all people be guided, those who came after them, after the messengers, that is, their communities, would not have fought against one another after the clear proofs had come to them, because of their disagreement and their leading one another astray; but they fell into variance, as He willed, and some of them believed, and adhered firmly to his faith, and some disbelieved, as the Christians did after Jesus (al-Maseeh), and had God willed they would not have fought against one another (repeated here for emphasis), but God does whatever He desires, giving success to whomever He will and disappointment to whomever He will.

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