Ayah

Word by Word
فَلَمَّا
Then when
فَصَلَ
set out
طَالُوتُ
Talut
بِٱلۡجُنُودِ
with the forces
قَالَ
he said
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
مُبۡتَلِيكُم
will test you
بِنَهَرٖ
with a river
فَمَن
So whoever
شَرِبَ
drinks
مِنۡهُ
from it
فَلَيۡسَ
then he is not
مِنِّي
from me
وَمَن
and whoever
لَّمۡ
(does) not
يَطۡعَمۡهُ
taste it
فَإِنَّهُۥ
then indeed, he
مِنِّيٓ
(is) from me
إِلَّا
except
مَنِ
whoever
ٱغۡتَرَفَ
takes
غُرۡفَةَۢ
(in the) hollow
بِيَدِهِۦۚ
(of) his hand
فَشَرِبُواْ
Then they drank
مِنۡهُ
from it
إِلَّا
except
قَلِيلٗا
a few
مِّنۡهُمۡۚ
of them
فَلَمَّا
Then when
جَاوَزَهُۥ
he crossed it
هُوَ
he
وَٱلَّذِينَ
and those who
ءَامَنُواْ
believed
مَعَهُۥ
with him
قَالُواْ
they said
لَا
No
طَاقَةَ
strength
لَنَا
for us
ٱلۡيَوۡمَ
today
بِجَالُوتَ
against Jalut
وَجُنُودِهِۦۚ
and his troops
قَالَ
Said
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يَظُنُّونَ
were certain
أَنَّهُم
that they
مُّلَٰقُواْ
(would) meet
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
كَم
How many
مِّن
of
فِئَةٖ
a company
قَلِيلَةٍ
small
غَلَبَتۡ
overcame
فِئَةٗ
a company
كَثِيرَةَۢ
large
بِإِذۡنِ
by (the) permission
ٱللَّهِۗ
(of) Allah
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
مَعَ
(is) with
ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ
the patient ones
فَلَمَّا
Then when
فَصَلَ
set out
طَالُوتُ
Talut
بِٱلۡجُنُودِ
with the forces
قَالَ
he said
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
مُبۡتَلِيكُم
will test you
بِنَهَرٖ
with a river
فَمَن
So whoever
شَرِبَ
drinks
مِنۡهُ
from it
فَلَيۡسَ
then he is not
مِنِّي
from me
وَمَن
and whoever
لَّمۡ
(does) not
يَطۡعَمۡهُ
taste it
فَإِنَّهُۥ
then indeed, he
مِنِّيٓ
(is) from me
إِلَّا
except
مَنِ
whoever
ٱغۡتَرَفَ
takes
غُرۡفَةَۢ
(in the) hollow
بِيَدِهِۦۚ
(of) his hand
فَشَرِبُواْ
Then they drank
مِنۡهُ
from it
إِلَّا
except
قَلِيلٗا
a few
مِّنۡهُمۡۚ
of them
فَلَمَّا
Then when
جَاوَزَهُۥ
he crossed it
هُوَ
he
وَٱلَّذِينَ
and those who
ءَامَنُواْ
believed
مَعَهُۥ
with him
قَالُواْ
they said
لَا
No
طَاقَةَ
strength
لَنَا
for us
ٱلۡيَوۡمَ
today
بِجَالُوتَ
against Jalut
وَجُنُودِهِۦۚ
and his troops
قَالَ
Said
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يَظُنُّونَ
were certain
أَنَّهُم
that they
مُّلَٰقُواْ
(would) meet
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
كَم
How many
مِّن
of
فِئَةٖ
a company
قَلِيلَةٍ
small
غَلَبَتۡ
overcame
فِئَةٗ
a company
كَثِيرَةَۢ
large
بِإِذۡنِ
by (the) permission
ٱللَّهِۗ
(of) Allah
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
مَعَ
(is) with
ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ
the patient ones

Translation

When Talut set forth with the armies, he said: "Allah will test you at the stream: if any drinks of its water, He goes not with my army: Only those who taste not of it go with me: A mere sip out of the hand is excused." but they all drank of it, except a few. When they crossed the river,- He and the faithful ones with him,- they said: "This day We cannot cope with Goliath and his forces." but those who were convinced that they must meet Allah, said: "How oft, by Allah's will, Hath a small force vanquished a big one? Allah is with those who steadfastly persevere."

Tafsir

And when Saul went forth with the hosts, from the Holy House [sc. Jerusalem], the heat was intense and so they asked him for water; he said, 'God will try, test, you, in order to distinguish the obedient among you from the disobedient, with a river, between Jordan and Palestine, whoever drinks of it, of its water, is not of me, is not of my followers, and whoever tastes it not, he is of me, except for him who scoops up with his hand' (ghurfa, or gharfa, 'a scoop'), satisfying himself therewith and not taking more, he is also of my followers. But they drank of it, when they reached it and ﷺ that it was abundant, except a few of them, who restricted themselves to a scoop: it is reported that one scoop was enough for each man and his horse, and they numbered over three hundred; and when he crossed it, with those who believed, the ones who confined themselves to the one scoop, they, the ones that drank profusely, said, 'We have no power today against Goliath and his troops', that is, [no power] to fight them, and they were cowardly and did not cross it. Those who thought, with certainty that, they would meet God, at the Resurrection, and these were the ones that crossed it, said, 'How often (kam, 'how', functions as a predicate, meaning katheer, 'many') a little company, group of men, has overcome a numerous one, by God's leave, by His will; and God is with the patient', [providing them] with help and assistance.

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