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Ayah
Word by Word
يَسَۡٔلُونَكَ
They ask you
عَنِ
about
ٱلۡأَهِلَّةِۖ
the new moons
قُلۡ
Say
هِيَ
They
مَوَٰقِيتُ
(are) indicators of periods
لِلنَّاسِ
for the people
وَٱلۡحَجِّۗ
and (for) the Hajj
وَلَيۡسَ
And it is not
ٱلۡبِرُّ
[the] righteousness
بِأَن
that
تَأۡتُواْ
you come
ٱلۡبُيُوتَ
(to) the houses
مِن
from
ظُهُورِهَا
their backs
وَلَٰكِنَّ
[and] but
ٱلۡبِرَّ
[the] righteous
مَنِ
(is one) who
ٱتَّقَىٰۗ
fears (Allah)
وَأۡتُواْ
And come
ٱلۡبُيُوتَ
(to) the houses
مِنۡ
from
أَبۡوَٰبِهَاۚ
their doors
وَٱتَّقُواْ
And fear
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
لَعَلَّكُمۡ
so that you may
تُفۡلِحُونَ
(be) successful
يَسَۡٔلُونَكَ
They ask you
عَنِ
about
ٱلۡأَهِلَّةِۖ
the new moons
قُلۡ
Say
هِيَ
They
مَوَٰقِيتُ
(are) indicators of periods
لِلنَّاسِ
for the people
وَٱلۡحَجِّۗ
and (for) the Hajj
وَلَيۡسَ
And it is not
ٱلۡبِرُّ
[the] righteousness
بِأَن
that
تَأۡتُواْ
you come
ٱلۡبُيُوتَ
(to) the houses
مِن
from
ظُهُورِهَا
their backs
وَلَٰكِنَّ
[and] but
ٱلۡبِرَّ
[the] righteous
مَنِ
(is one) who
ٱتَّقَىٰۗ
fears (Allah)
وَأۡتُواْ
And come
ٱلۡبُيُوتَ
(to) the houses
مِنۡ
from
أَبۡوَٰبِهَاۚ
their doors
وَٱتَّقُواْ
And fear
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
لَعَلَّكُمۡ
so that you may
تُفۡلِحُونَ
(be) successful
Translation
They ask thee concerning the New Moons. Say: They are but signs to mark fixed periods of time in (the affairs of) men, and for Pilgrimage. It is no virtue if ye enter your houses from the back: It is virtue if ye fear Allah. Enter houses through the proper doors: And fear Allah: That ye may prosper.
Tafsir
They will ask you, O Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him, about the new moons (ahilla, plural of hilaal): 'Why do they seem very thin, and then wax until they are full of light, and then wane again as at the first, and are not always the same, in the way that the sun is?' Say, to them: 'They are appointed times (mawaaqeet is the plural of meeqaat) for the people, for them to know the times for sowing the land, for business, for their women's waiting periods, their fast and their breaking it, and the Pilgrimage' (wa'l-hajji and the Pilgrimage', is a supplement to li'l-naasi, 'for the people'), that is to say, [appointed times] by which its season is known, for if they [the new moons] always looked the same, none of these things could be known. It is not piety to come to the houses from their backs, in [your] state of pilgrimage inviolability (ihraam), when you would bore holes in them to enter them and then exit, disregarding their doors; they used to do this and claim that it was out of piety; but piety is to fear, God by not contravening His commands; so come to the houses by their doors, when in a state of pilgrimage inviolability, and fear God, that you may prosper, [that you may] triumph.
"The Crescent Moons
Allah says;
يَسۡأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الاهِلَّةِ قُلۡ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالۡحَجِّ
They ask you (O Muhammad) about the crescents. Say:""These are signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind and for the pilgrimage.""
Al-Awfi related that Ibn Abbas said,
""The people asked Allah's Messenger about the crescent moons. Thereafter, this Ayah was revealed, so that they mark their acts of worship, the Iddah (the period of time a divorced woman or a widow is required to wait before remarrying) of their women and the time of their Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah).""
Abdur-Razzaq reported that Ibn Umar narrated that Allah's Messenger said:
جَعَلَ اللهُ الاَۡهِلَّةَ مَوَاقِيتَ لِلنَّاسِ فَصُومُوا لِرُوۡيَتِهِ وَأَفۡطِرُوا لِرُوۡيَتِهِ فَإِنۡ غُمَّ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَثِينَ يَوۡمًا
Allah has made the crescents signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind. Hence, fast on seeing it (the crescent for Ramadan) and break the fast on seeing it (the crescent for Shawwal). If it (the crescent) was obscure to you then count thirty days (mark that month as thirty days).
This Hadith was also collected by Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak, and he said, ""The chain is Sahih, and they (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not recorded it.""
Righteousness comes from Taqwa
Allah said:
وَلَيۡسَ الۡبِرُّ بِأَنۡ تَأۡتُوۡاۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا وَلَـكِنَّ الۡبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى وَأۡتُواۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِنۡ أَبۡوَابِهَا
It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.) that you enter the houses from the back, but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So enter houses through their proper doors.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara said,
""During the time of Jahiliyyah, they used to enter the house from the back upon assuming the Ihram. Thereafter, Allah revealed (the following Ayah:
وَلَيۡسَ الۡبِرُّ بِأَنۡ تَأۡتُوۡاۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا وَلَـكِنَّ الۡبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى وَأۡتُواۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِنۡ أَبۡوَابِهَا
(It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.) that you enter the houses from the back but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So enter houses through their proper doors).""
Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded the same Hadith from Al-Bara but with the wording;
""The Ansar used to enter their houses from the back when returning from a journey. Thereafter, this Ayah (2:189 above) was revealed...""
Al-Hasan said,
""When some people during the time of Jahiliyyah would leave home to travel, and then decide not to travel, they would not enter the house from its door. Rather, they would climb over the back wall. Allah the Exalted said:
وَلَيۡسَ الۡبِرُّ بِأَنۡ تَأۡتُوۡاۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا
(It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness) that you enter the houses from the back).""
Allah's statement:
وَاتَّقُواۡ اللّهَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ
and have Taqwa of Allah that you may be successful.
Have Taqwa of Allah, means to do what He has commanded you and refrain from what He has forbidden for you,
لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ
(that you may be successful), tomorrow when you stand before Him and He thus rewards you perfectly."
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