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Ayah

Word by Word
أَيَّامٗا
(Fasting for) days
مَّعۡدُودَٰتٖۚ
numbered
فَمَن
So whoever
كَانَ
is
مِنكُم
among you
مَّرِيضًا
sick
أَوۡ
or
عَلَىٰ
on
سَفَرٖ
a journey
فَعِدَّةٞ
then a prescribed number
مِّنۡ
of
أَيَّامٍ
days
أُخَرَۚ
other
وَعَلَى
And on
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يُطِيقُونَهُۥ
can afford it
فِدۡيَةٞ
a ransom
طَعَامُ
(of) feeding
مِسۡكِينٖۖ
a poor
فَمَن
And whoever
تَطَوَّعَ
volunteers
خَيۡرٗا
good
فَهُوَ
then it
خَيۡرٞ
(is) better
لَّهُۥۚ
for him
وَأَن
And to
تَصُومُواْ
fast
خَيۡرٞ
(is) better
لَّكُمۡ
for you
إِن
if
كُنتُمۡ
you
تَعۡلَمُونَ
know
أَيَّامٗا
(Fasting for) days
مَّعۡدُودَٰتٖۚ
numbered
فَمَن
So whoever
كَانَ
is
مِنكُم
among you
مَّرِيضًا
sick
أَوۡ
or
عَلَىٰ
on
سَفَرٖ
a journey
فَعِدَّةٞ
then a prescribed number
مِّنۡ
of
أَيَّامٍ
days
أُخَرَۚ
other
وَعَلَى
And on
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
يُطِيقُونَهُۥ
can afford it
فِدۡيَةٞ
a ransom
طَعَامُ
(of) feeding
مِسۡكِينٖۖ
a poor
فَمَن
And whoever
تَطَوَّعَ
volunteers
خَيۡرٗا
good
فَهُوَ
then it
خَيۡرٞ
(is) better
لَّهُۥۚ
for him
وَأَن
And to
تَصُومُواْ
fast
خَيۡرٞ
(is) better
لَّكُمۡ
for you
إِن
if
كُنتُمۡ
you
تَعۡلَمُونَ
know

Translation

(Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed number (Should be made up) from days later. For those who can do it (With hardship), is a ransom, the feeding of one that is indigent. But he that will give more, of his own free will,- it is better for him. And it is better for you that ye fast, if ye only knew.
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Tafsir

For days (ayyaaman, 'days', is in the accusative as the object of al-siyaam, 'the fast', or of an implied yasoomoo, 'he fasts') numbered, few or specific in number, that is, those of Ramadaan, as will be mentioned below; God has specified a small number as a way of facilitating matters for those under the obligation; and if any of you, during the month, be sick, or be on a journey, in which prayers are shortened, or if one is strained by the fast in both cases and breaks it, then a number of other days, equal to the ones during which he broke his fast - let him fast them instead; and for those who are, not, able to do it, [to fast] on account of old age or chronic illness, a redemption: which is, the feeding of a poor man, with about the same amount one consumes in a given day, that is, one mudd measure of the principal food of that town each day (a variant reading has [genitive] fidyatin as an explicative clause. It is also said that the [laa] negation of the verb [yuteeqoonahu] is not actually implied, because at the very beginning of Islam, they could choose between fasting or offering the redemption; but later on this was abrogated by fixing the Fast [as an obligation], where God says, So let those of you, who are present at the month, fast it [Q. 2:185]: Ibn 'Abbaas said [by way of qualification] 'Except for the pregnant one and the one breastfeeding, if they break their fast out of concern for the child; in the case of these two, the verse remains valid and has not been abrogated'). For him who volunteers good, by offering more than the minimum amount mentioned for the redemption; that, volunteering, is good for him; but that you should fast (wa-an tasoomoo is the subject) is better for you (khayrun lakum is its predicate), than breaking the fast and paying the redemption, if you but knew, that this is better for you, then do it.
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