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Ayah
Word by Word
صُمُّۢ
Deaf
بُكۡمٌ
dumb
عُمۡيٞ
blind
فَهُمۡ
so they
لَا
not
يَرۡجِعُونَ
[they] will not return
صُمُّۢ
Deaf
بُكۡمٌ
dumb
عُمۡيٞ
blind
فَهُمۡ
so they
لَا
not
يَرۡجِعُونَ
[they] will not return
Translation
Deaf, dumb, and blind, they will not return (to the path).
Tafsir
deaf, to the truth, so that they cannot hear it and accept it; dumb, mute as regards goodness, unable to speak of it; and, blind, to the path of guidance, so that they cannot perceive it; they shall not return, from error.
The Example of the Hypocrites
Allah says,
مَثَلُهُمۡ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسۡتَوۡقَدَ نَاراً فَلَمَّا أَضَاءتۡ مَا حَوۡلَهُ
Their likeness is as the likeness of one who kindled a fire; then, when it illuminated all around him,
Allah likened the hypocrites when they bought deviation with guidance, thus acquiring utter blindness, to the example of a person who started a fire. When the fire was lit, and illuminated the surrounding area, the person benefited from it and felt safe. Then the fire was suddenly extinguished. Therefore, total darkness covered this person, and he became unable to see anything or find his way out of it.
Further, this person could not hear or speak and became so blind that even if there were light, he would not be able to see. This is why he cannot return to the state that he was in before this happened to him. Such is the case with the hypocrites who preferred misguidance over guidance, deviation over righteousness. This parable indicates that the hypocrites first believed, then disbelieved, just as Allah stated in other parts of the Qur'an.
Allah's statement,
ذَهَبَ اللّهُ بِنُورِهِمۡ
Allah removed their light,
means, Allah removed what benefits them, and this is the light, and He left them with what harms them, that is, the darkness and smoke.
Allah said,
وَتَرَكَهُمۡ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ
And left them in darkness,
that is their doubts, disbelief and hypocrisy.
لااَّ يُبۡصِرُونَ
(So) they could not see.
meaning, they are unable to find the correct path or find its direction.
In addition, they are,
صُمٌّ بُكۡمٌ عُمۡيٌ فَهُمۡ لَا يَرۡجِعُونَ
They are deaf, dumb, and blind, so they return not (to the right path).
صُمٌّ
(deaf),
and thus cannot hear the guidance.
بُكۡمٌ
(dumb),
and cannot utter the words that might benefit them.
عُمۡيٌ
(and blind),
in total darkness and deviation.
Similarly, Allah said,
فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَعۡمَى الاٌّبۡصَـرُ وَلَـكِن تَعۡمَى الۡقُلُوبُ الَّتِى فِى الصُّدُورِ
Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind. (22:46),
and this why they cannot get back to the state of guidance that they were in, since they sold it for misguidance.
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