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Ayah
Word by Word
مَثَلُهُمۡ
Their example
كَمَثَلِ
(is) like (the) example
ٱلَّذِي
(of) the one who
ٱسۡتَوۡقَدَ
kindled
نَارٗا
a fire
فَلَمَّآ
then, when
أَضَآءَتۡ
it lighted
مَا
what
حَوۡلَهُۥ
his surroundings
ذَهَبَ
took away
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
بِنُورِهِمۡ
their light
وَتَرَكَهُمۡ
and left them
فِي
in
ظُلُمَٰتٖ
darkness[es]
لَّا
(so) not
يُبۡصِرُونَ
(do) they see
مَثَلُهُمۡ
Their example
كَمَثَلِ
(is) like (the) example
ٱلَّذِي
(of) the one who
ٱسۡتَوۡقَدَ
kindled
نَارٗا
a fire
فَلَمَّآ
then, when
أَضَآءَتۡ
it lighted
مَا
what
حَوۡلَهُۥ
his surroundings
ذَهَبَ
took away
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
بِنُورِهِمۡ
their light
وَتَرَكَهُمۡ
and left them
فِي
in
ظُلُمَٰتٖ
darkness[es]
لَّا
(so) not
يُبۡصِرُونَ
(do) they see
Translation
Their similitude is that of a man who kindled a fire; when it lighted all around him, Allah took away their light and left them in utter darkness. So they could not see.
Tafsir
Their likeness, the way they are in their hypocrisy, is as the likeness of one who kindled, that is, [one who] lit a fire in darkness, and when it illumined all about him, so that he is able to see, and to feel warm and secure from those he feared, God took away their light, extinguishing it (the plural pronoun [in noorihim] takes into account the [plural] import of alladhee); and left them in darkness, unable to see, what is around them, confused as to the way, in fear; likewise are those who have found [temporary] security by professing faith, but who will meet with terror and punishment upon death; these [last] are:
The Example of the Hypocrites
Allah says,
مَثَلُهُمۡ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسۡتَوۡقَدَ نَاراً فَلَمَّا أَضَاءتۡ مَا حَوۡلَهُ
Their likeness is as the likeness of one who kindled a fire; then, when it illuminated all around him,
Allah likened the hypocrites when they bought deviation with guidance, thus acquiring utter blindness, to the example of a person who started a fire. When the fire was lit, and illuminated the surrounding area, the person benefited from it and felt safe. Then the fire was suddenly extinguished. Therefore, total darkness covered this person, and he became unable to see anything or find his way out of it.
Further, this person could not hear or speak and became so blind that even if there were light, he would not be able to see. This is why he cannot return to the state that he was in before this happened to him. Such is the case with the hypocrites who preferred misguidance over guidance, deviation over righteousness. This parable indicates that the hypocrites first believed, then disbelieved, just as Allah stated in other parts of the Qur'an.
Allah's statement,
ذَهَبَ اللّهُ بِنُورِهِمۡ
Allah removed their light,
means, Allah removed what benefits them, and this is the light, and He left them with what harms them, that is, the darkness and smoke.
Allah said,
وَتَرَكَهُمۡ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ
And left them in darkness,
that is their doubts, disbelief and hypocrisy.
لااَّ يُبۡصِرُونَ
(So) they could not see.
meaning, they are unable to find the correct path or find its direction.
In addition, they are,
صُمٌّ بُكۡمٌ عُمۡيٌ فَهُمۡ لَا يَرۡجِعُونَ
They are deaf, dumb, and blind, so they return not (to the right path).
صُمٌّ
(deaf),
and thus cannot hear the guidance.
بُكۡمٌ
(dumb),
and cannot utter the words that might benefit them.
عُمۡيٌ
(and blind),
in total darkness and deviation.
Similarly, Allah said,
فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَعۡمَى الاٌّبۡصَـرُ وَلَـكِن تَعۡمَى الۡقُلُوبُ الَّتِى فِى الصُّدُورِ
Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind. (22:46),
and this why they cannot get back to the state of guidance that they were in, since they sold it for misguidance.
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