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Ayah
Word by Word
قُلۡ
Say
مَن
Whoever
كَانَ
is
فِي
in
ٱلضَّلَٰلَةِ
[the] error
فَلۡيَمۡدُدۡ
then surely will extend
لَهُ
for him
ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ
the Most Gracious
مَدًّاۚ
an extension
حَتَّىٰٓ
until
إِذَا
when
رَأَوۡاْ
they see
مَا
what
يُوعَدُونَ
they were promised
إِمَّا
either
ٱلۡعَذَابَ
the punishment
وَإِمَّا
or
ٱلسَّاعَةَ
the Hour
فَسَيَعۡلَمُونَ
then they will know
مَنۡ
who
هُوَ
[he]
شَرّٞ
(is) worst
مَّكَانٗا
(in) position
وَأَضۡعَفُ
and weaker
جُندٗا
(in) forces
قُلۡ
Say
مَن
Whoever
كَانَ
is
فِي
in
ٱلضَّلَٰلَةِ
[the] error
فَلۡيَمۡدُدۡ
then surely will extend
لَهُ
for him
ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ
the Most Gracious
مَدًّاۚ
an extension
حَتَّىٰٓ
until
إِذَا
when
رَأَوۡاْ
they see
مَا
what
يُوعَدُونَ
they were promised
إِمَّا
either
ٱلۡعَذَابَ
the punishment
وَإِمَّا
or
ٱلسَّاعَةَ
the Hour
فَسَيَعۡلَمُونَ
then they will know
مَنۡ
who
هُوَ
[he]
شَرّٞ
(is) worst
مَّكَانٗا
(in) position
وَأَضۡعَفُ
and weaker
جُندٗا
(in) forces
Translation
Say: "If any men go astray, (Allah) Most Gracious extends (the rope) to them, until, when they see the warning of Allah (being fulfilled) - either in punishment or in (the approach of) the Hour,- they will at length realise who is worst in position, and (who) weakest in forces!
Tafsir
Say: 'As for him who is in error (man kaana fee'l-dalaalati, a conditional clause, the response to which is [fa'lyamdud, 'He shall prolong' and what follows it]) the Compassionate One shall defer (fa'l-yamdud, functions in the sense of a predicate) him, from chastisement by [granting him] some respite, in this world, drawing him on [to his eventual chastisement] gradually, until, when they catch sight of that which they were promised, whether it be chastisement [in this world], by being killed or taken captive, or the Hour, the Resurrection that comprises Hell, they will enter it. Then they will surely know who is worse in [respect of] position and weaker in [respect of the number of] hosts', in [respect of the number of] supporters, themselves or the believers? Their hosts will be the devils, while the hosts of the believers against them will be the angels.
The Rebellious Person is given Respite but He is not forgotten
Allah, the Exalted, says,
قُلۡ
Say:
This means, O Muhammad, say to these people who are associating partners with their Lord, while claiming to follow the truth, that they are really following falsehood.
مَن كَانَ فِي الضَّلَلَةِ
whoever is in error,
This means, `be they from us or from you.'
فَلۡيَمۡدُدۡ لَهُ الرَّحۡمَنُ مَدًّا
the Most Gracious will extend (circumstances) for him.
This means that the Most Beneficent will give him respite in that which he is in, until he meets his Lord and his appointed time will have arrived.
حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَوۡا مَا يُوعَدُونَ إِمَّا الۡعَذَابَ
until, when they see that which they were promised, either the torment, (that will strike him),
وَإِمَّا السَّاعَةَ
or the Hour, (that will come suddenly),
فَسَيَعۡلَمُونَ
they will come to know, (at that time),
مَنۡ هُوَ شَرٌّ مَّكَانًا وَأَضۡعَفُ جُندًا
who is worst in position, and who is weaker in forces.
This is in refutation of their argument about their nice dwellings and splendid places of gathering. This is a challenge against the idolators who claim that they were following guidance in what they were doing.
This is similar to the challenge that Allah mentions about the Jews when He says,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ هَادُواۡ إِن زَعمۡتُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ أَوۡلِيَأءُ لِلَّهِ مِن دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُاۡ الۡمَوۡتَ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَـدِقِينَ
O you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of (all) other people, then long for death if you are truthful. (62:6)
Meaning, `Supplicate for death to come to those who are following falsehood among us if you truly claim to be upon the truth. If you are true, then this supplication will not harm you.' But they refused to do so. An extensive discussion of this has already preceded in Surah Al-Baqarah, and to Allah is the praise.
Likewise, Allah mentioned the challenge that was given to the Christians in Surah Al Imran, when they were persistent in their disbelief and continued in their transgression. They refused to give up their exaggerating claim that `Isa was the son of Allah. Therefore, Allah mentioned His arguments and proofs against the worship of `Isa, and that he was merely a creature like Adam.
After this, Allah said,
فَمَنۡ حَأجَّكَ فِيهِ مِن بَعۡدِ مَا جَأءَكَ مِنَ الۡعِلۡمِ فَقُلۡ تَعَالَوۡاۡ نَدۡعُ أَبۡنَأءَنَا وَأَبۡنَأءَكُمۡ وَنِسَأءَنَا وَنِسَأءَكُمۡ وَأَنفُسَنَا وأَنفُسَكُمۡ ثُمَّ نَبۡتَهِلۡ فَنَجۡعَل لَّعۡنَتُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الۡكَـذِبِينَ
Then whoever disputes with you about him after (all this) knowledge that has come to you, say:Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves - then we pray and invoke (sincerely) the curse of Allah upon those who lie. (3:61)
However, they (the Christians) also retreated from this challenge
Increasing Guidance of Those Who are guided
Allah says:
وَيَزِيدُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ اهۡتَدَوۡا هُدًى
And Allah increases in guidance those who walk aright.
After Allah mentions the extended time and respite that is allowed to those who are in misguidance, increasing them in misguidance, He informs of the increase in guidance of those who are rightly guided.
Similarly He says,
وَإِذَا مَأ أُنزِلَتۡ سُورَةٌ فَمِنۡهُمۡ مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمۡ زَادَتۡهُ هَـذِهِ إِيمَـناً
And whenever there comes down a Surah, some of them say:Which of you has had his faith increased by it! (9:124)
And the following Ayah also shows this.
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَالۡبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ
And the righteous good deeds that last,
Its explanation has already preceded in Surah Al-Kahf, along with a lengthy discussion concerning it and the related Hadiths.
خَيۡرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا
(they) are better with your Lord for reward.
meaning the recompense and reward.
وَخَيۡرٌ مَّرَدًّا
and better for resort.
meaning in the final outcome, the result for its doer.
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