ٱلْكَهْف ٧٦
- قَالَ He said
- إِن If
- سَأَلۡتُكَ I ask you
- عَن about
- شَيۡءِ anything
- بَعۡدَهَا after it
- فَلَا then (do) not
- تُصَٰحِبۡنِيۖ keep me as a companion
- قَدۡ Verily
- بَلَغۡتَ you have reached
- مِن from me
- لَّدُنِّي from me
- عُذۡرٗا an excuse
[Moses] said, "If I should ask you about anything after this, then do not keep me as a companion. You have obtained from me an excuse."
And for this reason, he said, 'If I ask you about anything after this, after this instance, then do not keep me in your company, do not allow me to follow you, for truly you [will] have found from me (read ladunnee or ladunee), on my part, [sufficient enough] excuse', for you to part company with me.
"
The Story of Musa and Al-Khidr
Allah tells:
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِفَتَاهُ
And (remember) when Musa said to his boy-servant:
The reason for Musa's conversation with the boy-servant, Yusha` bin Nun, was that he had been told about one of the servants of Allah at the junction of the two seas, who had knowledge which Musa had not been granted, so he wanted to travel to meet him. So he said to that boy-servant of his:
لَاا أَبْرَحُ
I will not give up,
meaning, I will keep on traveling,
حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ
until I reach the junction of the two seas,
meaning, the place where the two seas met.
أَوْ أَمْضِيَ حُقُبًا
or a Huqub passes.
meaning, even if I have to travel for a very long time.
Ibn Jarir (may Allah have mercy on him) said,
""Some of the scholars of the Arabic language said that Huqub means a year in the dialect of (the tribe of) Qays,""
then he narrated that Abdullah bin Amr said,
""Huqub means eighty years.""
Mujahid said, ""Seventy years.""
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said that;
it means a lifetime.
Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said likewise
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَا مَجْمَعَ بَيْنِهِمَا نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا
But when they reached the junction of the two seas, they forgot their fish,
He had been commanded to carry a salted fish with him, and it had been said to him, when you lose the fish, that will be a sign that you have reached the right place. So they set out and traveled until they reached the junction of the two seas, where there was a spring called `Ayn Al-Hayat (the Spring of Life).
They went to sleep there, and the fish felt the drops of that water, so it came back to life. It was in a vessel with Yusha`, upon him be peace, and it jumped out of the vessel towards the sea. Yusha` woke up and the fish fell into the water and started to swim through the water, leaving a track or channel behind it.
Allah said:
فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا
and it took its way through the sea as in a tunnel.
meaning, like going through a tunnel on land.
Ibn Jurayj said,
""Ibn Abbas said, `It left a trace as if it were a rock.'
فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَا
So when they had passed further on,
means, past the place where they had forgotten the fish.
Forgetfulness is attributed to them both even though it was actually Yusha` who forgot.
This is like the Ayah:
يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا الُّلوْلُوُ وَالمَرْجَانُ
Out of them both come out pearl and coral. (55:22),
although they come from the salt water, according to one of the two opinions.
When they had passed one stage beyond the place where they had forgotten the fish,
قَالَ لِفَتَاهُ اتِنَا غَدَاءنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِن سَفَرِنَا هَذَا
(Musa) said to his boy-servant:Bring us our morning meal; truly, we have suffered in this, our journey,
meaning, their journey beyond the place where they should have stopped.
نَصَبًا
Nasaban,
means, exhaustion.
قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّي نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَا أَنسَانِيهُ إِلاَّ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ
He said: Do you remember when we betook ourselves to the rock I indeed forgot the fish; none but Shaytan made me forget to remember it...
Then he said,
...
وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ
It took its course,
meaning its path,
...
فِي الْبَحْرِ عَجَبًا
قَالَ ذَلِكَ مَا كُنَّا نَبْغِ
�...into the sea in a strange (way)!��
(Musa) said:�That is what we have been seeking.��
meaning, this is what we have been looking for.
فَارْتَدَّا عَلَى اثَارِهِمَا قَصَصًا
So they went back, retracing their footsteps.
فَوَجَدَا عَبْدًا مِّنْ عِبَادِنَا اتَيْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِندِنَا وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ مِن لَّدُنَّا عِلْمًا
Then they found one of Our servants, on whom We had bestowed mercy from Us, and whom We had taught knowledge from Us.
This was Al-Khidr, peace be upon him, as is indicated by the authentic Hadiths narrated from the Messenger of Allah.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said,
�I said to Ibn Abbas:`Nawf Al-Bikali claims that Musa, the companion of Al-Khidr was not the Musa of the Children of Israel.�
Ibn `Abbas said, `The enemy of Allah has told a lie.�
Ubayy bin Ka`b narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
إِنَّ مُوسَى قَامَ خَطِيبًا فِي بَنِي إِسْرَايِيلَ فَسُيِلَ أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَعْلَمُ
قَالَ أَنَا
فَعَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ إِذْ لَمْ يَرُدَّ الْعِلْمَ إِلَيْهِ
فَأَوْحَى اللهُ إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ لِي عَبْدًا بِمَجْمَعِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْكَ
قَالَ مُوسَى يَا رَبِّ وَكَيْفَ لِي بِهِ
قَالَ تَأْخُذُ مَعَكَ حُوتًا فَتَجْعَلَهُ بِمِكْتَلٍ فَحَيْثُمَا فَقَدْتَ الْحُوتَ فَهُوَ ثَمَّ
فَأَخَذَ حُوتًا فَجَعَلَهُ بِمِكْتَلٍ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ وَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُ فَتَاهُ يُوشَعُ بْنُ نُونٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَأمُ حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَا الصَّخْرَةَ وَضَعَا رُءُوْسَهُمَا فَنَامَا وَاضْطَرَبَ الْحُوتُ فِي الْمِكْتَلِ فَخَرَجَ مِنْهُ فَسَقَطَ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا
وَأَمْسَكَ اللهُ عَنِ الْحُوتِ جِرْيَةَ الْمَاءِ فَصَارَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ الطَّاقِ
فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْقَظَ نَسِيَ صَاحِبُهُ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ بِالْحُوتِ فَانْطَلَقَا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِمَا وَلَيْلَتَهُمَا
حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ قَالَ مُوسَى لِفَتَاهُ
اتِنَا غَدَاءنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِن سَفَرِنَا هَذَا نَصَبًا
Musa got up to deliver a speech before the Children of Israel and he was asked, �Who is the most learned person among the people?��
Musa replied, �I am.��
Allah rebuked him because he did not refer the knowledge to Allah.
So Allah revealed to him:�At the junction of the two seas there is a servant of Ours who is more learned than you.��
Musa asked, �O my Lord, how can I meet him?��
Allah said, �Take a fish and put it in a vessel and then set out, and where you lose the fish, you will find him.��
So Musa took a fish, put it in a vessel and set out, along with his boy-servant Yusha` bin Nun, peace be upon him, till they reached a rock (on which) they both lay down their heads and slept. The fish moved vigorously in the vessel and got out of it and fell into the sea and there it took its way through the sea (straight) as in a tunnel.
Allah stopped the flow of water on both sides of the way created by the fish, and so that way was like a tunnel.
When Musa got up, his companion forgot to tell him about the fish, and so they carried on their journey during the rest of the day and the whole night.
The next morning Musa said to his boy-servant,
�Bring us our morning meal; truly, we have suffered much fatigue in this, our journey.��
Musa did not get tired till he had passed the place that Allah had ordered him to look for. His boy-servant then said to him,
أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَأ إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّى نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَأ أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلاَّ الشَّيْطَـنُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِى الْبَحْرِ عَجَبًا
�Do you remember when we betook ourselves to the rock I indeed forgot the fish; none but Shaytan made me forget to remember it. It took its course into the sea in a strange way.��
There was a tunnel for the fish and Musa and his boy-servant were amazed. Musa said,
ذَلِكَ مَا كُنَّا نَبْغِ فَارْتَدَّا عَلَى ءَاثَارِهِمَا قَصَصًا
�That is what we have been seeking.�� So they went back retracing their footsteps.��
So they went back retracing their steps until they reached the rock. There they found a man covered with a garment.
Musa greeted him.
Al-Khidr said, �Is there such a greeting in your land!��
Musa said, �I am Musa.��
He said, �Are you the Musa of the Children of Israel?��
Musa said, �Yes,�� and added, �I have come to you so that you may teach me something of that knowledge which you have been taught.��
قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِىَ صَبْراً
Al-Khidr said, �You will not be able to have patience with me.
O Musa! I have some of Allah�s knowledge which He has bestowed upon me but you do not know it; and you too, have some of Allah�s knowledge which He has bestowed upon you, but I do not know it.��
Musa said,
سَتَجِدُنِى إِن شَأءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا وَلَا أَعْصِى لَكَ أمْراً
�If Allah wills, you will find me patient, and I will not disobey you in aught.��
Al-Khidr said to him,
فَإِنِ اتَّبَعْتَنِى فَلَ تَسْأَلْنى عَن شَىءٍ حَتَّى أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْراً
�Then, if you follow me, ask me not about anything till I myself mention it to you.��
So they set out walking along the shore, until a boat passed by and they asked the crew to let them go on board.
The crew recognized Al-Khidr and allowed them to go on board free of charge.
When they went on board, suddenly Musa ﷺ that Al-Khidr had pulled out one of the planks of the ship with an adz.
Musa said to him, �These people gave us a free ride, yet you have broken their boat so that its people will drown!
Verily, you have done a terrible thing!
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِىَ صَبْراً
�Al-Khidr said, �Did I not tell you, that you would not be able to have patience with me!��
قَالَ لَا تُوَاخِذْنِى بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلَا تُرْهِقْنِى مِنْ أَمْرِى عُسْراً
Musa said, �Call me not to account for what I forgot and be not hard upon me for my affair (with you).��
The Messenger of Allah said,
In the first instance, Musa asked Al-Khidr because he had forgotten his promise.
Then a bird came and sat on the edge of the boat, dipping its beak once or twice in the sea. Al-Khidr said to Musa, �My knowledge and your knowledge, in comparison to Allah�s knowledge, is like what this bird has taken out of the sea.��
Then they both disembarked from the boat, and while they were walking on the shore, Al-Khidr ﷺ a boy playing with other boys.
Al-Khidr took hold of the boy�s head and pulled it off with his hands, killing him.
Musa said to him,
فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلَمًا فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ لَّقَدْ جِيْتَ شَيْياً نُّكْراً
�Have you killed an innocent person who had killed none! Verily, you have committed a thing Nukr!��
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَّكَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِىَ صَبْراً
He said, �Did I not tell you that you would not be able to have patience with me��
(The narrator) said, ""The second blame was stronger than the first one"".
قَالَ إِن سَأَلْتُكَ عَن شَىْءٍ بَعْدَهَا فَلَ تُصَاحِبْنِى قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِن لَّدُنِّى عُذْراً فَانطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَأ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ اسْتَطْعَمَأ أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْاْ أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَاراً يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ
Musa said, ""If I ask you anything after this, keep me not in your company; you have received an excuse from me."" Then they both proceeded until they came to the people of a town. They asked them for food but they refused to entertain them. (Then) they found there a wall on the point of falling down.
(Al-Khidr) set it up straight with his own hands.
فَانطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَأ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ اسْتَطْعَمَأ أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْاْ أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَاراً يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُ قَالَ لَوْ شِيْتَ لَاتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً
Musa said, ""We came to these people, but they neither fed us nor received us as guests. If you had wished, surely, you could have taken wages for it!""
قَالَ هَـذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنِكَ سَأُنَبِّيُكَ بِتَأْوِيلِ مَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِع عَّلَيْهِ صَبْراً
(Al-Khidr) said:""This is the parting between you and I. I will tell you the interpretation of (those) things over which you were unable to be patient.""
The Messenger of Allah said:
وَدِدْنَا أَنَّ مُوسَى كَانَ صَبَرَ حَتَّى يَقُصَّ اللهُ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ خَبَرِهِمَا
We wish that Musa was patient so that Allah would have told us more about both of them.
Sa`id bin Jubayr said:
""Ibn Abbas used to recite (Ayah no. 79),
وَكَانَ أَمَامَهُمْ مَلِكٌ يَاْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ صَالَحَةٍ غَضْبًا
There was a king before them who seized every good-conditioned ship by force.
and (Ayah no 80)
وَأَمَّا الْغُلَامُ فَكَانَ كَافِرًا وَكَانَ أَبَوَاهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ
As for the boy, he was a disbeliever and his parents were believers.
Then (in another narration) Al-Bukhari recorded a similar account which says:
then Musa set out and with him was his boy-servant Yusha` bin Nun, and they had the fish with them. When they reached the rock, they camped there, and Musa lay down his head and slept. At the base of the rock there was a spring called Al-Hayat; its water never touched a thing but it brought it to life. Some of its water touched the fish, so it began to move and jumped out of the vessel and into the sea. When he woke up, Musa said to his boy-servant:
Bring us our morning meal.
Then he quoted the rest of the Hadith.
Then a bird came and perched on the edge of the ship, and dipped its beak in the sea, and Al-Khidr said to Musa,
""My knowledge and your knowledge and the knowledge of all of creation, in comparison to the knowledge of Allah, is like what this bird has taken from the sea.""
Then he mentioned the rest of the report
Musa meeting with Al-Khidr and accompanying Him
Allah tells us what Musa said to that learned man, who was Al-Khidr. He was one to whom Allah had given knowledge that He had not given to Musa, just as He had given Musa knowledge that He had not given to Al-Khidr.
قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ
Musa said to him:""May I follow you...""
This is a question phrased in gentle terms, with no sense of force or coercion. This is the manner in which the seeker of knowledge should address the scholar.
أَتَّبِعُكَ
(I follow you)
means, I accompany you and spend time with you.
عَلَى أَن تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا
so that you teach me something of that knowledge which you have been taught.
meaning, teach me something from that which Allah has taught you so that I may be guided by it and learn something beneficial and do righteous deeds.
At this point
قَالَ
He said,
meaning, Al-Khidr said to Musa,
إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا
Verily, you will not be able to have patience with me!
meaning, `You will not be able to accompany with me when you see me doing things that go against your law, because I have knowledge from Allah that He has not taught you, and you have knowledge from Allah that He has not taught me. Each of us has responsibilities before Allah that the other does not share, and you will not be able to stay with me,'
وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ خُبْرًا
And how can you have patience about a thing which you know not!
`For I know that you will denounce me justifiably, but I have knowledge of Allah's wisdom and the hidden interests which I can see but you cannot.
قَالَ
He said,
meaning, Musa said:
سَتَجِدُنِي إِن شَاء اللَّهُ صَابِرًا
If Allah wills, you will find me patient,
with whatever I see of your affairs,
وَلَا أَعْصِي لَكَ أَمْرًا
and I will not disobey you in aught.
means, `I will not go against you in anything.'
At that point, Al-Khidr, upon him be peace, set a condition
قَالَ فَإِنِ اتَّبَعْتَنِي فَلَا تَسْأَلْنِي عَن شَيْءٍ
Then, if you follow me, ask me not about anything,
do not initiate any discussion of the matter,
حَتَّى أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا
till I myself mention of it to you.
meaning, `until I initiate the discussion, before you ask me about it.
Damaging the Boat
Allah tells:
فَانطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَا قَالَ أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا
So they both proceeded, till, when they boarded the boat, he (Khidr) damaged it.
Musa said:""Have you damaged it wherein its people will drown!
Allah tells us that Musa and his companion Al-Khidr set out having come to an agreement and reached an understanding. Al-Khidr had made the condition that Musa should not ask him about anything he found distasteful until he himself initiated the discussion and offered an explanation. So they went on board the ship, as described in the Hadith quoted above -- the crew recognized Al-Khidr and let them ride on board free of charge, as an honor to Al-Khidr.
When the boat took them out to sea and they were far from the shore, Al-Khidr got up and damaged the boat, pulling out one of its planks and then patching it up again.
Musa, peace be upon him, could not restrain himself from denouncing him, so he said:
أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا
(Have you damaged it wherein its people will drown).
The grammatical structure of the sentence in Arabic implies that this was the consequence, not the purpose, of his action.
لَقَدْ جِيْتَ شَيْيًا إِمْرًا
Verily, you have committed a thing Imr.
About `Imr', Mujahid said:
""An evil thing.""
Qatadah said,
""An astounding thing.""
At this point, reminding him of the previously agreed condition,
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا
He (Al-Khidr) said:Did I not tell you, that you would not be able to have patience with me!
meaning, `this thing that I did deliberately is one of the things I told you not to denounce me for, because you do not know the full story, and there is a reason and purpose for it that you do not know about.'
قَالَ لَاا تُوَاخِذْنِي بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلَاا تُرْهِقْنِي مِنْ أَمْرِي عُسْرًا
He (Musa) said:Call me not to account for what I forgot, and be not hard upon me for my affair (with you).
meaning, `do not be harsh with me.'
Hence it says in the Hadith quoted above from the Messenger of Allah:
كَانَتِ الاْاُولَى مِنْ مُوسَى نِسْيَانًا
In the first instance, Musa asked Al-Khidr because he had forgotten his promise.
The Story of killing the Boy
Allah tells:
فَانطَلَقَا
Then they both proceeded,
means, after the first incident,
حَتَّى إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلَمًا فَقَتَلَهُ
till they met a boy, and he (Khidr) killed him.
It has been stated previously that this boy was playing with other boys in one of the towns, and that Al-Khidr deliberately singled him out. He was the finest and most handsome of them all, and Al-Khidr killed him. When Musa, peace be upon him, ﷺ that he denounced him even more fervently than in the first case, and said hastily:
قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً
He (Musa) said:Have you killed an innocent person,
meaning, a young person who had not yet committed any sin or done anything wrong, yet you killed him
بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ
without Nafs,
with no reason for killing him.
لَّقَدْ جِيْتَ شَيْيًا نُّكْرًا
Verily, you have committed a thing Nukr!
meaning, something that is clearly evil.
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُل لَّكَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِي صَبْرًا
He said:""Did I not tell you that you can have no patience with me!""
Once again, Al-Khidr reiterates the condition set in the first place, so Musa says to him
قَالَ إِن سَأَلْتُكَ عَن شَيْءٍ بَعْدَهَا
He said:If I ask you anything after this,
meaning, `if I object to anything else you do after this,'
فَلَ تُصَاحِبْنِي قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِن لَّدُنِّي عُذْرًا
keep me not in your company, you have received an excuse from me.
`you have accepted my apology twice.'
Ibn Jarir narrated from Ibn Abbas that Ubayy bin Ka`b said:
""Whenever the Prophet mentioned anyone, he would pray for himself first. One day he said:
رَحْمَةُ اللهِ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى مُوسَى لَوْ لَبِثَ مَعَ صَاحِبِهِ لَاَبْصَرَ الْعَجَبَ وَلَكِنَّهُ قَالَ
إِن سَأَلْتُكَ عَن شَيْءٍ بَعْدَهَا
فَلَ تُصَاحِبْنِي قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِن لَّدُنِّي عُذْرًا
May the mercy of Allah be upon us and upon Musa. If he had stayed with his companion he would have seen wonders, but he said,
`If I ask you anything after this, keep me not in your company, you have received an excuse from me.""
The Story of repairing the Wall
Allah tells:
فَانطَلَقَا
they both proceeded,
after the first two instances,
حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ
till when they came to the people of a town,
Ibn Jarir narrated from Ibn Sirin that this was Al-Aylah.
According to the Hadith;
حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ لِيَامًا
When they came there, the people of the town were mean. i.e., miserly.
اسْتَطْعَمَا أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُ
they asked them for food, but they refused to entertain them. Then they found therein a wall about to collapse and he (Khidr) set it up straight.
means, he fixed it so it was standing upright properly.
We have already seen in the Hadith quoted above that he set it up with his own hands, supporting it until it was standing straight again, which is something extraordinary.
At this point,
.
قَالَ لَوْ شِيْتَ لَااتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا
(Musa) said:If you had wished, surely you could have taken wages for it!
meaning, because they did not entertain us as guests, you should not have worked for them for free.
قَالَ هَذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ
He said:""This is the parting between you and I,
meaning, because you said after the boy was killed that if you asked me anything after that, you would not accompany me any further. So this is the parting of the ways between me and you.
سَأُنَبِّيُكَ بِتَأْوِيلِ
I will tell you the interpretation,
meaning explanation,
مَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِع عَّلَيْهِ صَبْرًا
of (those) things over which you were not able to be patient."
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Tafsir Surat Al-Kahfi: 75-76
Khidir berkata, "Bukankah sudah kukatakan padamu bahwa sesungguhnya kamu tidak akan sanggup sabar bersamaku." Musa berkata, "Jika aku bertanya lagi kepadamu tentang sesuatu sesudah ini, maka janganlah kamu memperbolehkan aku menyertaimu, sesungguhnya kamu sudah cukup memberiku uzur."
Ayat 75
Firman Allah ﷻ: "Khidir berkata, ‘Bukankah sudah kukatakan padamu bahwa sesungguhnya kamu tidak akan sanggup sabar bersamaku’." (Al-Kahfi: 75)
Jawaban ini merupakan pengukuhan terhadap syarat pertama yang telah diajukan. Karena itulah Musa mengatakan:
Ayat 76
"Jika aku bertanya lagi padamu tentang sesuatu sesudah ini." (Al-Kahfi: 76) Yakni sesudah ini jika saya menanyakan sesuatu lagi kepadamu. "Maka janganlah kamu membolehkan aku menyertaimu, sesungguhnya kamu sudah cukup memberiku uzur." (Al-Kahfi: 76) Maksudnya, kamu sudah memberi maaf kepadaku dan itu sudah cukup.
Ibnu Jarir mengatakan: Telah menceritakan kepada kami Abdullah ibnu Ziyad, telah menceritakan kepada kami Hajjaj ibnu Muhammad, dari Hamzah Az-Zayyat, dari Abu Ishaq, dari Said bin Jubair, dari Ibnu Abbas, dari Ubay ibnu Ka'b yang mengatakan bahwa Nabi ﷺ apabila menyebut seseorang, lalu beliau berdoa untuknya, maka doanya itu dimulainya untuk dirinya sendiri. Pada suatu hari Nabi ﷺ bersabda: "Semoga rahmat Allah terlimpahkan untuk kita dan untuk Musa; seandainya dia tetap bersama temannya itu, tentulah dia akan banyak menyaksikan hal-hal yang menakjubkan. Akan tetapi, sangat disayangkan Musa mengatakan, ‘Jika aku bertanya lagi padamu tentang sesuatu sesudah ini, maka janganlah kamu membolehkan aku menyertaimu, sesungguhnya kamu sudah cukup memberiku uzur’.
Mendengar peringatan kedua itu, Nabi Musa merasa tidak enak dan malu. Namun, karena keinginan untuk memperoleh ilmu darinya sangat kuat, dia memohon agar diberi kesempatan lagi. Dia berkata kepadanya, 'Jika aku bertanya lagi kepadamu tentang sesuatu yang kaulakukan setelah ini, maka jangan lagi engkau memperbolehkan aku menyertaimu dalam perjalanan ini. Sesungguhnya engkau sudah cukup bersabar terhadapku yang terlalu banyak bertanya dan engkau juga mau menerima alasan dariku dan memaafkan aku. '77. Permohonan Nabi Musa dikabulkan oleh hamba yang saleh itu, maka keduanya berjalan meneruskan pengembaraan hingga suatu ketika keduanya sampai di suatu negeri. Mereka datang kepada penduduk setempat dan bertanya tentang negeri itu. Rasa lapar yang mendera memaksa mereka berdua meminta dijamu oleh penduduknya, tetapi mereka tidak mau menjamu mereka. Karena tidak dijamu, kemudian keduanya melanjutkan perjalanan. Tidak lama sesudah itu mereka mendapatkan dinding sebuah rumah yang hampir roboh di negeri itu. Tanpa disuruh, lalu dia, hamba yang saleh itu, menegakkannya. Dengan terheran, dia, yaitu Musa, berkata kepadanya, 'Jika engkau mau, niscaya engkau dapat meminta imbalan untuk pekerjaan yang telah kaulakukan itu. '.
Selanjutnya Musa berkata, "Kalau sekiranya aku bertanya lagi kepadamu tentang suatu perbuatanmu yang aneh-aneh itu yang telah aku saksikan, karena aku ingin mengetahui hikmahnya bukan untuk sekedar bertanya saja. Maka jika aku bertanya sekali lagi sesudah kali ini, maka janganlah kamu mengizinkan aku menyertaimu lagi, karena kamu sudah cukup memberikan maaf kepadaku." Inilah kata-kata Musa yang penuh dengan penyesalan atas perbuatannya yang terpaksa dia akui dan insafi.
Diriwayatkan dalam suatu hadis yang sahih bahwa Nabi Muhammad ﷺ bersabda tentang keadaan Nabi Musa itu sebagai berikut:
Semoga Allah memberi rahmat kepada kita dan kepada Musa. Seandainya beliau sabar pada sahabatnya (Khidir), tentu beliau banyak menyaksikan keajaiban tentang ilmu hakikat, tetapi karena beliau merasa malu untuk menghadapi celaan lagi dari sahabatnya (Khidir), maka beliau berkata, "Kalau aku bertanya lagi kepadamu tentang sesuatu sesudah ini, maka janganlah kamu menemani aku. Sesungguhnya kamu sudah cukup memberi maaf kepadaku." (Riwayat Muslim dari Ubay bin Ka'ab).
“Maka keduanya pun meneruskan perjalanannya."
(pangkal ayat 74)
Maka tersebutlah dalam riwayat Ibnu Abbas bahwa perjalanan itu mereka teruskan, sehingga berjumpa dengan anak muda-muda bermain-main. Di antara anak-anak muda yang sedang banyak bermain bersuka ria itu, kelihatan oleh guru itu seorang di antara mereka."Sehingga apabila keduanya bertemu seorang anak muda, maka dibunuhnyalah (anak muda) itu."
Di dalam ayat ini terdapat kalimatghulam, yang kita artikan dengan anak muda. Kalau pengertian ini tidak tepat, boleh juga kita sebut anak kecil.
Rupanya setelah kelihatan olehnya anak itu, terus, dengan tidak bersibanyak tanya lagi anak itu dibunuhnya mati! Tentu sekali lagi Musa tercengang, Musa yang lekas meluap. Musa yang selamanya tidak dapat menahan hati melihat perbuatan yang di luar garis,"Dia pun bertanya, Adakah patut engkau bunuh satu jiwa yang masih bersih." Satu jiwa anak kecil yang masih suci bersih dan belum berdosan, “Dengan tidak ada sebab dia membunuh orang." Karena hukuman bunuh hanya dapat dilakukan kepada seseorang yang membunuh orang lain, sebagai utang nyawa bayar nyawa. Dan dengan terus terang Musa menyatakan tantangan atas perbuatan itu dengan katanya, “Sungguh engkau telah berbuat suatu perbuatan yang mungkar."
(ujung ayat 74) Suatu perbuatan yang bengis, yang tidak akan dapat diterima oleh siapa pun yang ada rasa keadilan dan kebenaran.
“Dia menjawab,
“Bukankah sudah aku katakan kepadamu."
(pangkal ayat 75)
Sejak semula engkau menyatakan ingin menggabungkan diri dengan daku telah aku katakan,
“Bahwa sesungguhnya engkau bersama aku tidaklah akan sabar"
(ujung ayat 75)
Maka teringatlah Musa kembali akan janjinya sejak semula, lalu,
“Dia berkata, “jika aku bentanya lagi kepada engkau tentang sesuatu sesudah ini, maka janganlah engkau berteman dengan daku lagi."
(pangkal ayat 76)
Sudah bersalah aku pada pertanyaan yang pertama, sekarang sekali lagi aku bersalah, karena bertanya padahal aku sendiri telah berjanji harus sabar jangan banyak bertanya. Lantaran itu,
“Telah cukuplah engkau dari pihak aku ini memberikan ... "
(ujung ayat 76)
Artinya, tahu sendirilah Musa bahwa kalau dia berbuat kesalahan memungkiri janjinya sekali lagi, sudahlah sepatutnya jika dia tidak dibawa serta lagi. Uzur yang diberikan guru itu kepadanya sampai tiga kali sudahlah sampai pada cukup.
“Maka keduanya pun menenuskan penjalanan, sehingga sampailah keduanya kepada penduduk suatu kampung."
(pangkal ayat 77)
Mungkin sekali perjalanan itu sudah sangat jauh, sedang persediaan makanan tidak ada lagi. Sebab itu mereka keduanya sudah sangat lapar."Mereka keduanya meminta diberi jamuan makan kepada penduduk negeri itu." Berbuat baiklah kepada kami, hai isi kampung, karena adalah musafir tengah dalam perjalanan jauh, bermurah hatilah memberi kami makanan, moga-moga Allah memberikan gantinya berhpat-ganda bagi tuan di sini.'Tetap; mereka tidak mau menjamu keduanya." Kasar benarlah rupanya budi penduduk negeri itu, bakhil dan kedekut. Sampai hati membiarkan musafir kelaparan."Lalu keduanya mendapati di kampung itu sebuah dinding yang hendak roboh." Dinding dari bekas sebuah rumah: “Lalu ditegakkannya." Artinya dinding rumah yang hendak roboh di kampung penduduknya bakhil itu dengan segera ditumpilkan oleh Guru tersebut, sehingga tegak kembali. Heran lagi Musa melihat perbuatan gurunya itu, kita sudah lapar, orang tidak ada yang sudi menjamu,
“Berkata dia, “Jika engkau mau bolehlah engkau mengambil upah dari pembuatanmu itu."
(ujung ayat 77)
jika engkau minta upahnya, sekurangnya dengan makanan untuk kita berdua hilanglah kelaparan kita.
Musa telah lupa lagi akan janjinya!
“Dia berkata, “Inilah perpisahan di antara aku dengan engkau."
(pangkal ayat 78)
Selesailah sampai di sini. Kita sudah mesti berpisah. Engkau diikat oleh janjimu sendiri, jika bertanya lagi sekali, aku tidak akan membawamu serta lagi dalam perjalanan ini. Tetapi sungguhpun demikian tidaklah akan aku biarkan saja pertanyaanmu itu tidak terjawab.
“Akan aku beritakan kepada engkau anti perbuatan yang engkau terhadapnya itu tak dapat saban"
(ujung ayat 78)
Akan aku terangkan semuanya kepada engkau.
Oleh sebab itu maka (berkatalah Musa, "Jika aku bertanya kepadamu tentang sesuatu sesudah ini) sesudah kali ini (maka janganlah kamu menemani aku lagi) artinya janganlah kamu mengikuti aku lagi (sesungguhnya kamu telah cukup memberikan kepadaku) dapat dibaca Ladunii atau Ladunnii, artinya dari pihakku (udzur") alasan agar aku berpisah denganmu.
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