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Ayah
Word by Word
ٱلۡحَمۡدُ
All Praise
لِلَّهِ
(is) for Allah
ٱلَّذِيٓ
the One Who
أَنزَلَ
(has) revealed
عَلَىٰ
to
عَبۡدِهِ
His slave
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَلَمۡ
and not
يَجۡعَل
(has) made
لَّهُۥ
in it
عِوَجَاۜ
any crookedness
ٱلۡحَمۡدُ
All Praise
لِلَّهِ
(is) for Allah
ٱلَّذِيٓ
the One Who
أَنزَلَ
(has) revealed
عَلَىٰ
to
عَبۡدِهِ
His slave
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَلَمۡ
and not
يَجۡعَل
(has) made
لَّهُۥ
in it
عِوَجَاۜ
any crookedness
Translation
Praise be to Allah, Who hath sent to His Servant the Book, and hath allowed therein no Crookedness:
Tafsir
Al-Kahf (the Cave)
Meccan, except for verses 28, and from [verses] 82 to the end of 101, which are Medinese; it consists of 110 or 115 verses, revealed after soorat al-Ghaashiya.
Praise - which is the attribution [to a person] of that which is beautiful - is established [as something that], belongs to God [alone], exalted be He. Now, is the intention here to point this out for the purpose of believing in it, or to praise [God] thereby, or both? All are possibilities, the most profitable of which is [to understand] the third [as being the intention behind this statement]; Who has revealed to His servant, Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him, the Book, Al-Qur'an, and has not allowed for it, that is, [He has not allowed that there be] in it, any crookedness, [any] variance or contradiction (the [last] sentence [wa-lam yaj'al lahu 'iwajan] is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-kitaab, 'the Book');
"Tafsir of Surah Al Kahf
The Revelation of the Qur'an brings both Good News and a Warning
Allah praises His Holy Self;
الۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ عَلَى عَبۡدِهِ الۡكِتَابَ وَلَمۡ يَجۡعَل لَّهُ عِوَجَا
All praise is due to Allah, Who has sent down to His servant the Book, and has not placed therein any crookedness.
In the beginning of this Tafsir, we mentioned that Allah, praises His Holy Self at the beginning and end of matters, for He is the One to be praised in all circumstances, all praise and thanks be to Him, in the beginning and in the end. He praises Himself for revealing His Mighty Book to His Noble Messenger Muhammad, which is the greatest blessing that Allah has granted the people of this earth. Through the Qur'an, He brings them out of the darkness into light. He has made it a Book that is straight, neither distorted nor confusion therein. It clearly guides to a straight path, plain and manifest, giving a warning to the disbelievers and good news to the believers. This is why Allah says:
وَلَمۡ يَجۡعَل لَّهُ عِوَجَا
and has not placed therein any crookedness.
meaning, there is nothing twisted or confusing about it. But He has made it balanced and straightforward as He said
قَيِّمًا
(He has made it) straight,
meaning straightforward,
لِّيُنذِرَ بَأۡسًا شَدِيدًا مِن لَّدُنۡهُ
to give warning of a severe punishment from Him,
meaning, to those who oppose His Prophet and disbelieve in His Book, He issues a warning of severe punishment hastened in this world and postponed to the world Hereafter.
مِن لَّدُنۡهُ
(from Him).
means, from Allah. For none can punish as He punishes and none is stronger or more reliable than Him.
وَيُبَشِّرَ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ
and to give good news to the believers,
means, those who believe in this Qur'an and confirm their faith by righteous actions.
الَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ
who do righteous deeds,
أَنَّ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرًا حَسَنًا
that they shall have a fair reward.
means, a beautiful reward from Allah.
مَاكِثِينَ فِيهِ
They shall abide therein,
means, in what Allah rewards them with, and that is Paradise, where they will live forever.
أَبَدًا
forever.
means, for always, never ending or ceasing to be.
وَيُنذِرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا
And to warn those who say, ""Allah has begotten a child.""
Ibn Ishaq said:
""These are the pagan Arabs, who said, `We worship the angels who are the daughters of Allah.""
مَّا لَهُم بِهِ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍ
No knowledge have they of such a thing,
meaning, this thing that they have fabricated and made up.
وَلَا لاِبَايِهِمۡ
nor had their fathers.
meaning, their predecessors.
كَبُرَتۡ كَلِمَةً
Mighty is the word,
This highlights the seriousness and enormity of the lie they have made up.
Allah says:
كَبُرَتۡ كَلِمَةً
تَخۡرُجُ مِنۡ أَفۡوَاهِهِمۡ
Mighty is the word that comes out of their mouths.
meaning, it has no basis apart from what they say, and they have no evidence for it apart from their own lies and fabrications.
Hence Allah says:
إِن يَقُولُونَ إِلاَّ كَذِبًا
They utter nothing but a lie.
Reason why this Surah was revealed
Muhammad bin Ishaq mentioned the reason why this Surah was revealed. He said that an old man from among the people of Egypt who came to them some forty-odd years ago told him, from Ikrimah that Ibn Abbas said:
""The Quraysh sent An-Nadr bin Al-Harith and Uqbah bin Abi Mu`it to the Jewish rabbis in Al-Madinah, and told them:`Ask them (the rabbis) about Muhammad, and describe him to them, and tell them what he is saying. They are the people of the first Book, and they have more knowledge of the Prophets than we do.'
So they set out and when they reached Al-Madinah, they asked the Jewish rabbis about the Messenger of Allah.
They described him to them and told them some of what he had said.
They said, `You are the people of the Tawrah and we have come to you so that you can tell us about this companion of ours.'
They (the rabbis) said, `Ask him about three things which we will tell you to ask, and if he answers them then he is a Prophet who has been sent (by Allah); if he does not, then he is saying things that are not true, in which case how you will deal with him will be up to you.
- Ask him about some young men in ancient times, what was their story For theirs is a strange and wondrous tale.
- Ask him about a man who travelled a great deal and reached the east and the west of the earth. What was his story?
- And ask him about the Ruh (soul or spirit) -- what is it?
If he tells you about these things, then he is a Prophet, so follow him, but if he does not tell you, then he is a man who is making things up, so deal with him as you see fit.'
So An-Nadr and Uqbah left and came back to the Quraysh, and said:`O people of Quraysh, we have come to you with a decisive solution which will put an end to the problem between you and Muhammad. The Jewish rabbis told us to ask him about some matters,' and they told the Quraysh what they were. Then they came to the Messenger of Allah and said, `O Muhammad, tell us,' and they asked him about the things they had been told to ask.
The Messenger of Allah said,
أُخۡبِرُكُمۡ غَدًا عَمَّا سَأَلۡتُمۡ عَنۡه
(I will tell you tomorrow about what you have asked me), but he did not say `If Allah wills.' So they went away, and the Messenger of Allah stayed for fifteen days without any revelation from Allah concerning that, and Jibril, peace be upon him, did not come to him either.
The people of Makkah started to doubt him, and said, `Muhammad promised to tell us the next day, and now fifteen days have gone by and he has not told us anything in response to the questions we asked.'
The Messenger of Allah felt sad because of the delay in revelation, and was grieved by what the people of Makkah were saying about him.
Then Jibril came to him from Allah with the Surah about the companions of Al-Kahf, which also contained a rebuke for feeling sad about the idolators. The Surah also told him about the things they had asked him about, the young men and the traveler.
The question about the Ruh was answered in the Ayah;
وَيَسۡأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ قُلِ الرُّوحُ
(And they ask you concerning the Ruh (the spirit); say:""The Ruh...""). (17:85)"
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